Suchergebnisse

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a type of trust fund or corporation that pools the funds of a large number of investors by issuing a certificate of income and invest the raised funds in real estate projects that are managed by a specialized investment institution. The real estate investment risk is moderate, and the rent is stable, but the capital threshold is high, and it is difficult for small and medium investors to enter the market. The invention of REITs aims to solve this problem, through the collection of funds, so that small and medium investors can enter the field of real estate investment. Specialized managers use the raised funds to build up real estate investment portfolios to diversify investment risks. The shares or units of REITs held by investors can be transferred in the open market with good liquidity. As of 2018, there are about 39 countries around the world that have established REITs market. The total market value of global REITs is around $2 trillion. Most of these countries choose to launch REITs when their economic growth slows down, and the real estate market is sluggish. From a macro perspective, China's economy is facing downward pressure, and domestic housing prices are also strictly regulated by the government, showing a slowdown in growth. In general, the domestic macroeconomic conditions and the real estate industry environment provide favorable conditions for the launch of REITs in China. In recent years, Chinese investors have become increasingly demanding for investment and wealth management services. Based on the total size of investable assets, China has now become the world's second-largest investment market after the United States. However, domestic investors lack medium-risk, medium-income investment options, and there is an urgent need to fill this gap. The primary real estate holders in the country are also looking forward to the launch of REITs. Through launching REITs, developers expect to revitalize their real estate assets and accelerate their business transformation. The Chinese government hopes to dispose of some infrastructure assets by launching REITs, recover funds and reduce debt level of itself. From the perspective of supply and demand, the market conditions for the launch of REITs have gradually matured. Although there are many favorable conditions, China has not launched public REITs yet. But, why? What obstacles does China face on the road to launching REITs? To launch REITs, what strategy should China adopt? How can the REITs market in China take off? To find the answers to these significant questions, I conduct a comparative study on the significant international REITs markets. Considering the current domestic policies and economic environment, I attempt to propose a practical and feasible strategy for China to launch and develop the REITs market.

Due to the wide application of high and new technology in weapons and equipment, modern weapons present the characteristics of complexity and systematization, and their effectiveness analysis and evaluation are paid more and more attention, which has become an arduous and urgent task in the research of weapon equipment system. Only by using scientific methods and technology to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of weapons and equipment, can we have a profound understanding of the characteristics and application value of weapons and equipment, ensure that the army can give full play to the operational potential of weapons and equipment, improve the operational efficiency, and explore the correct direction of the construction and development of weapons and equipment. Therefore, systematic research on weapon equipment effectiveness evaluation method is a necessary way for every military equipment effectiveness researcher to seek effective and accurate quantitative analysis of weapon equipment effectiveness method.

The reform of the new institutional structure has brought new opportunities and challenges to the construction and development of the PLA's academies. How to seize the opportunities, better adapt to the new situation, fulfill the new mission, complete the new tasks and realize the new leap has become an important issue facing the PLA's barracks planning and construction. Combining with the experience of the main camp planning and construction in colleges and universities, this paper will timely reflect on the key issues such as the mode of camp planning and construction in colleges and universities, which may be beneficial to our work.

Bias foraging of pollen is general in different pollinators since various nutrition demanding, co-evolution and interaction of insect-plant. To clarify the preference of pollen foraging during sunflower blooming, the pollen foraging behaviors of Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana Fabricius were observed. Our results displayed that two summits of pollen foraging occurred in the morning before the ambient temperature climbed up to thirty-one degree centigrade and in the afternoon after the ambient temperature decreased below thirty-one degree centigrade, respectively. Notably, the first foraging summit of Apis cerana emerged one hour earlier than that of Apis mellifera. These results imply that Apis mellifera is less resistant to low temperature but more resistant to high temperature than Apis cerana does. The colonies were surrounded by sunflowers with sporadic weeds, while only few maize dispersed over two hundred meters away. However, no more than forty percent of total pollens foraged by Apis mellifera was from sunflower, and which was no more than twenty percent in Apis cerana group. These results suggest that sunflower pollens are not the prior choice for both honey bee species, while the ratio of sunflower pollens foraged by Apis mellifera is more than that of Apis cerana does.

Xin Lu,1 Nan Wu,2 Wanli Yang,2 Jia Sun,3 Kemin Yan,3 Jing Wu1 1Biomedical-Information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China; 2Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing WuBiomedical-Information Engineering Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Science Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xian Ning Western Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710049, People's Republic of ChinaEmail jing_wu@mail.xjtu.edu.cnBackground/aims: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is the first rate-limiting E1 subunit of OGDH complex (OGDHC), which plays as a regulatory point in the cross-road of TCA cycle and glutamine metabolism. Until now, the role of OGDH in carcinogenesis has been unclear.Methods: In the present study, we determined the expression of OGDH in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining respectively. The biological impacts of OGDH on cell growth and migration were explored through modulation OGDH expression in GC cells. Furthermore, mitochondrial functions and Wnt/β-catenin signal were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism by which OGDH was involved in GC progression.Results: The results showed that the levels of OGDH mRNA and protein were significantly higher in GC tissues, which was positively correlated with clinicalpathological parameters of GC patients. OGDH inhibitor SP significantly suppressed GC cell viability. Modulation of OGDH had distinct effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell migration in the GC cell lines AGS and BGC823. Overexpression of OGDH resulted in the downregulation of the EMT molecular markers E-cadherin and ZO-1, the upregulation of N-cadherin and claudin-1. OGDH deficiency had the opposite outcomes in GC cells. Meantime, OGDH knockdown cells showed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, intracellular ATP product, and increased ROS level and NADP+/NADPH ratio. Consistently, overexpression of OGDH enhanced the mitochondrial function in GC cells. Furthermore, OGDH knockdown reduced the expressions of β-catenin, slug and TCF8/ZEB1, and the downstream targets cyclin D1 and MMP9 in GC cells. OGDH overexpression facilitated the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Additionally, overexpression of OGDH promoted tumorigenesis of GC cells in nude mice.Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that OGDH serves as a positive regulator of GC progression through enhancement of mitochondrial function and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Keywords: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, gastric cancer, mitochondrial function, Wnt/β-catenin signal