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Islam has become an important symbol in post-Suharto Indonesia, and political figures or parties feel they cannot afford to be seen to be against the religion or be considered unfriendly to it. Islamism emerges to challenge Pancasila (or cultural pluralism) again. Islamists already challenged Pancasila soon after Indonesian independence. But during that initial era under Sukarno, this challenge was already under control. Under Suharto, Pancasila as an ideology was effectively used to govern Indonesia, and political Islam was suppressed. However, Suharto began to co-opt Islamic political leaders during the last decade of his rule. Religious Islam grew significantly during the Suharto era and would gradually transform itself into political Islam after Suharto's fall. Nevertheless, the electoral strength of 'Islamic political parties' remained relatively low. But since then, Islam has been used as an effective tool to undermine political rivals. The pluralists who are now in power continue to promote Pancasila, and combining with moderate Islamic organizations and through laws and regulations, have tried to hinder the further development of Islamist organizations. The future of Pancasila depends on whether the Indonesian government and other pluralist forces are able to control the Islamists and provide political stability and economic development in the country.

Preface -- part I. Understanding Beijing's policy -- 1. The rise of China and the Chinese overseas -- 2. The Chinese overseas and the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office" -- 3. China's foreign policy vis-áa-vis the Chinese overseas -- part II. Responses to external events -- 4. Non-intervention : the 1998 anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia -- 5. Direct protection : examples from South Pacific, the Middle East and Africa -- 6. Effective protection? The 2014 anti-China/Chinese riots in Vietnam -- 7. From non-intervention to intervention? The "nude squat" episode and Chinese ambassador saga in Malaysia -- 8. To help or not to help? The Kokang Chinese problem in Myanmar -- part III. Responses to internal needs -- 9. The use of Chinese transnationalism : the Sichuan earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games -- 10. Direct control? Beijing and the world Chinese entrepreneurs conference -- 11. "One belt one road" strategy and the Chinese overseas -- 12. Beijing's soft power bid : promotion of the Chinese language and Confucius Institutes -- part IV. New policy and its impact -- 13. Beijing's new policy : a return to Chinese transnationalism? -- 14. The impact of Beijing's changing policy

The rise of China and the Chinese overseas : a study of Beijing's changing policy in Southeast Asia and beyond -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary -- Part I: Understanding Beijing's Policy -- Chapter 1: The Rise of China and the Chinese Overseas1 -- Chapter 2: The Chinese Overseas and the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office" -- Chapter 3: China's Foreign Policy vis-a-vis the Chinese Overseas -- Part II: Responses to External Events -- Chapter 4: Non-Intervention: The 1998 Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia -- Chapter 5: Direct Protection: Examples from South Pacific, the Middle East and Africa -- Chapter 6: Effective Protection? The 2014 Anti-China/Chinese Riots in Vietnam -- Chapter 7: From Non-Intervention to Intervention? The "Nude Squat" Episode and Chinese Ambassador Saga in Malaysia -- Chapter 8: To Help or Not to Help? The Kokang Chinese Problem in Myanmar -- Part III: Responses to Internal Needs -- Chapter 9: The Use of Chinese Transnationalism: The Sichuan Earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games -- Chapter 10: Direct Control? Beijing and the World Chinese Entrepreneurs Conference -- Chapter 11: "One Belt One Road" Strategy and the Chinese Overseas -- Chapter 12: Bejijing's Soft Power Bid: Promotion of the Chinese Language and Confucius Institutes -- Part IV: New Policy and Its Impact -- Chapter 13: Beijing's New Policy: A Return to Chinese Transnationalism? -- Chapter 14: The Impact of Beijing's Changing Policy -- Appendix: The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China -- Bibliography -- Index.

The growing "strategic partnership" between Indonesia and China faces difficult challenges -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- The Yudhoyono Presidency (20 October 2004 to 19 October 2014) -- The Jokowi Presidency (20 October 2014– ) -- Problems and Prospects.

The Chinese in Indonesia have played an important role in Indonesian society before and after the fall of Soeharto. This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date information by examining them in detail during that era with special reference to the post-Soeharto period. The contributors to this volume consist of both older- and younger-generation scholars writing on Indonesian Chinese. They offer new information and fresh perspectives on the issues of government policies, legal position, eth

This book addresses the rise of China and its impact on Southeast Asia's economies and businesses, especially on those of ethnic Chinese. It also discusses Southeast Asian government policies, particularly their economic and business policies, towards local Chinese, and Southeast Asian Chinese businesses, both conglomerates and SMEs, in an era of globalization. Leading experts from the Southeast Asian region were invited to write the papers, presenting the most up-to-date analyses on the subject

Southeast Asia's Chinese businesses in an era of globalization : coping with the rise of China -- Contents -- The Contributors -- Introduction -- 1. China's Economic Rise and Its Implications for Southeast Asia: The Big Picture -- 2. The Emergence of China's Economic Power and Its Implications for Chinese Businesses in Southeast Asia -- 3. Flattening Impact of a Reawakening China on Ethnic Imbalance in Indonesian Business -- 4. The Indonesian Government's Economic Policies Towards the Ethnic Chinese: Beyond Economic Nationalism? -- 5. Chinese Indonesian Business in the Era of Globalization: Ethnicity, Culture and the Rise of China1 -- 6. China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Malaysian Chinese Business -- 7. Competition, (Ir)relevance and Market Determinants: Government Economic Policies and Ethnic Chinese Responses in West Malaysia -- 8. Malaysian Chinese Businesses in an Era of Globalization -- 9. China, the "Chinese Economy" and the Ethnic Chinese in the Philippines -- 10. Public Policy, Political Culture, and Ethnic Chinese Businesses in the Philippines -- 11. Ethnic Chinese Business in an Era of Globalization: The Singapore Case -- 12. The Changing Dynamics of Thailand CP Group's International Expansion -- Index.

Ethnic/racial relations have been a perennial theme in Southeast Asian studies. Current events have highlighted the tensions among ethnic groups and the need to maintain ethnic/racial harmony for national unity. This book analyses ethnic/race relations in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, with special reference to the roles of ethnic Chinese in nation-building. It brings together a group of established Southeast Asian scholars to critically examine some of the important issues such

This book provides insight into Indonesia's system of government and elections. It focuses on the roles of the 1945 Constitution, the Pancasila, the DPR (Legislative Assembly) and the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly) - and the ways they have functioned during elections since Independence. The development of democracy and the roles of Islam and the military through the presidencies of Sukarno, Soeharto, Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, and Megawati are examined. The book includes a most comprehensive and detailed listing of the results of the 1999 general election, considered Indonesia's first free and democratic election for over thirty years

Nationalism and globalization are two major contradicting forces in the world today. The roles that these two forces play and the impact of globalization on countries differ. Both Western and Asian "nation-states" have faced the challenge of globalization in recent decades, and the challenge has become more intense since the 1990s. The decline of communism and socialism as ideologies, and the decreasing importance of national boundaries for capital, companies and even labour, have had profoun

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