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Islam has become an important symbol in post-Suharto Indonesia, and political figures or parties feel they cannot afford to be seen to be against the religion or be considered unfriendly to it. Islamism emerges to challenge Pancasila (or cultural pluralism) again. Islamists already challenged Pancasila soon after Indonesian independence. But during that initial era under Sukarno, this challenge was already under control. Under Suharto, Pancasila as an ideology was effectively used to govern Indonesia, and political Islam was suppressed. However, Suharto began to co-opt Islamic political leaders during the last decade of his rule. Religious Islam grew significantly during the Suharto era and would gradually transform itself into political Islam after Suharto's fall. Nevertheless, the electoral strength of 'Islamic political parties' remained relatively low. But since then, Islam has been used as an effective tool to undermine political rivals. The pluralists who are now in power continue to promote Pancasila, and combining with moderate Islamic organizations and through laws and regulations, have tried to hinder the further development of Islamist organizations. The future of Pancasila depends on whether the Indonesian government and other pluralist forces are able to control the Islamists and provide political stability and economic development in the country.

Preface -- part I. Understanding Beijing's policy -- 1. The rise of China and the Chinese overseas -- 2. The Chinese overseas and the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office" -- 3. China's foreign policy vis-áa-vis the Chinese overseas -- part II. Responses to external events -- 4. Non-intervention : the 1998 anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia -- 5. Direct protection : examples from South Pacific, the Middle East and Africa -- 6. Effective protection? The 2014 anti-China/Chinese riots in Vietnam -- 7. From non-intervention to intervention? The "nude squat" episode and Chinese ambassador saga in Malaysia -- 8. To help or not to help? The Kokang Chinese problem in Myanmar -- part III. Responses to internal needs -- 9. The use of Chinese transnationalism : the Sichuan earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games -- 10. Direct control? Beijing and the world Chinese entrepreneurs conference -- 11. "One belt one road" strategy and the Chinese overseas -- 12. Beijing's soft power bid : promotion of the Chinese language and Confucius Institutes -- part IV. New policy and its impact -- 13. Beijing's new policy : a return to Chinese transnationalism? -- 14. The impact of Beijing's changing policy

The rise of China and the Chinese overseas : a study of Beijing's changing policy in Southeast Asia and beyond -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary -- Part I: Understanding Beijing's Policy -- Chapter 1: The Rise of China and the Chinese Overseas1 -- Chapter 2: The Chinese Overseas and the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office" -- Chapter 3: China's Foreign Policy vis-a-vis the Chinese Overseas -- Part II: Responses to External Events -- Chapter 4: Non-Intervention: The 1998 Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia -- Chapter 5: Direct Protection: Examples from South Pacific, the Middle East and Africa -- Chapter 6: Effective Protection? The 2014 Anti-China/Chinese Riots in Vietnam -- Chapter 7: From Non-Intervention to Intervention? The "Nude Squat" Episode and Chinese Ambassador Saga in Malaysia -- Chapter 8: To Help or Not to Help? The Kokang Chinese Problem in Myanmar -- Part III: Responses to Internal Needs -- Chapter 9: The Use of Chinese Transnationalism: The Sichuan Earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games -- Chapter 10: Direct Control? Beijing and the World Chinese Entrepreneurs Conference -- Chapter 11: "One Belt One Road" Strategy and the Chinese Overseas -- Chapter 12: Bejijing's Soft Power Bid: Promotion of the Chinese Language and Confucius Institutes -- Part IV: New Policy and Its Impact -- Chapter 13: Beijing's New Policy: A Return to Chinese Transnationalism? -- Chapter 14: The Impact of Beijing's Changing Policy -- Appendix: The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China -- Bibliography -- Index.

The growing "strategic partnership" between Indonesia and China faces difficult challenges -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- The Yudhoyono Presidency (20 October 2004 to 19 October 2014) -- The Jokowi Presidency (20 October 2014– ) -- Problems and Prospects.

This book addresses the rise of China and its impact on Southeast Asia's economies and businesses, especially on those of ethnic Chinese. It also discusses Southeast Asian government policies, particularly their economic and business policies, towards local Chinese, and Southeast Asian Chinese businesses, both conglomerates and SMEs, in an era of globalization. Leading experts from the Southeast Asian region were invited to write the papers, presenting the most up-to-date analyses on the subject

Southeast Asia's Chinese businesses in an era of globalization : coping with the rise of China -- Contents -- The Contributors -- Introduction -- 1. China's Economic Rise and Its Implications for Southeast Asia: The Big Picture -- 2. The Emergence of China's Economic Power and Its Implications for Chinese Businesses in Southeast Asia -- 3. Flattening Impact of a Reawakening China on Ethnic Imbalance in Indonesian Business -- 4. The Indonesian Government's Economic Policies Towards the Ethnic Chinese: Beyond Economic Nationalism? -- 5. Chinese Indonesian Business in the Era of Globalization: Ethnicity, Culture and the Rise of China1 -- 6. China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Malaysian Chinese Business -- 7. Competition, (Ir)relevance and Market Determinants: Government Economic Policies and Ethnic Chinese Responses in West Malaysia -- 8. Malaysian Chinese Businesses in an Era of Globalization -- 9. China, the "Chinese Economy" and the Ethnic Chinese in the Philippines -- 10. Public Policy, Political Culture, and Ethnic Chinese Businesses in the Philippines -- 11. Ethnic Chinese Business in an Era of Globalization: The Singapore Case -- 12. The Changing Dynamics of Thailand CP Group's International Expansion -- Index.

The opening of relations between China and Malacca, 1403-05 / Wang Gungwu -- The first three rulers of Malacca / Wang Gungwu -- Did Zheng He set out to colonize Southeast Asia? / Tan Ta Sen -- Chinese element in the Islamization of Southeast Asia, a study of the story of Njai Gede Pinatih, the Great Lady of Gresik / Tan Yeok Seong -- Zheng He, Semarang and the Islamization of Java / Leo Suryadinata -- A celebration of diversity, Zheng He and the origin of pre-colonial coastal urban pattern in Southeast Asia / Johannes Widodo -- Notes relating to Admiral Cheng Ho's expeditions / Hsu Yun-Ts'iao -- Did Admiral Cheng Ho visit the Philippines? / Hsu Yun-Ts'iao -- Longyamen is Singapore / Chung Chee Kit.

Pt. 1: Population and society Pt. 2: Politics, identity and education Pt. 3: Culture and entrepreneurship Pt. 4: Religion Pt. 5: Literature

Nationalism and globalization are two major contradicting forces in the world today. The roles that these two forces play and the impact of globalization on countries differ. Both Western and Asian "nation-states" have faced the challenge of globalization in recent decades, and the challenge has become more intense since the 1990s. The decline of communism and socialism as ideologies, and the decreasing importance of national boundaries for capital, companies and even labour, have had profoun