Suchergebnisse

1. The pursuit of long-run economic growth in Africa : an overview of key challenges / Haroon Bhorat and Finn Tarp --. - 2. Ethiopia : an agrarian economy in transition / Yared Seid, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, and Seid Nuru Ali --. - 3. Ghana : a successful growth story with job creation concerns / Ernest Aryeetey and William Baah-Boateng --. - 4. Kenya : economic growth, labor market dynamics, and prospects for a demographic dividend / Mwangi Kimenyi, Francis Mwega, and Njuguna Ndung'u --. - 5. Mozambique : growth experience through an employment lens / Sam Jones and Finn Tarp --. - 6. Nigeria : the relationship between growth and employment / Olu Ajakaiye, Afeikhena Jerome, David Nabena, and Olufunke Alaba --. - 7. South Africa : demographic, employment, and wage trends / Haroon Bhorat, Karmen Naidoo, Morne Oosthuizen, and Kavisha Pillay

While it is possible for economies to grow based on abundant land or natural resources, more often structural change-the shift of resources from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors-is the key driver of economic growth. Structural transformation is vital for Africa. The region's much-lauded growth turnaround since 1995 has been the result of making fewer economic policy mistakes, robust commodity prices, and new discoveries of natural resources. At the same time, Africa's economic structure has changed very little. Primary commodities and natural resources still account for the bulk of the region's exports. Industry is most often the leading driver of structural transformation. Africa's experience with industrialization over the past thirty years has been disappointing. In 2010, sub-Saharan Africa's average share of manufacturing value added in GDP was ten per cent, unchanged from the 1970s. Actually, the share of medium- and high-tech goods in manufacturing production has been falling since the mid-1990s. Per capita manufactured exports are less than ten per cent of the developing country average. Consequently, Africa's industrial transformation has yet to take place