Suchergebnisse

Os resultados de investigações recentes permitem à União Europeia e à governação global assumirem-se como um campo cada vez mais autónomo. Os cenários alternativos e os programas de investigação - por um lado, o hiper-globalismo e, por outro lado, o nacionalismo/ protecionismo e a fragmentação - são tendências e desafios relevantes, mas não parecem ser alternativas credíveis e vencedoras quando comparadas com o regionalismo. Argumenta-se que entre os possíveis três cenários para o futuro do regionalismo e do interregionalismo (regionalismo neo-mercantilista, regionalismo aberto e mistura de ambos), o mais virtuoso é uma combinação pacífica entre competição e cooperação neo-multilateral a nível regional, através de mecanismos de mediação entre formas alternativas de compreensão e implementação da cooperação internacional e transnacional. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This article draws the reader's attention on the increasing relevance of the European Council both within the European construction process and for comparative studies. Firstly, it shows that a long durée approach brings evidences that the European Council represents the legacy of centuries of international multilateral cooperation. Since the 'Concert of Europe' a shared diplomatic culture emerged, based on self-restraint, moderation, conflict prevention and settlement, although this was increasingly undermined by soft institutionalisation, hierarchies and rigid alliances. 1945 was a turning point, allowing for enhanced supranational institutionalization, and sovereignty sharing or pooling that gave rise to the foundation of the European communities in 1950 and 1957. However, since 1974, the SEA and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, started a gradual process of integration of the European Council ‒ as the politically leading body ‒ within a mixed and sophisticated institutional system, merging intergovernmental and supranational rules and procedures.
Secondly, in the post-Cold War international context, the European Council is the most relevant comparative issue between the EU and regional organisations developing in other continents. Similarities and diversities are analysed according to the 'new regionalist' paradigm. Historical institutionalism proves to be a useful theoretical framework to act as a bridge between EU studies and comparative regional research.