Suchergebnisse

"This title was first published in 2000: The book analyses the development of arctic environmental cooperation since the late 1980s until the establishment of the Arctic Council in 1996. The study is based on the discourse analysis of statement, documents and interviews by the different actors in the cooperation. In this book, the problem of the environment is seen as a problem of order: it is a problem of ordering relations among related actors, of ordering priorities of action and of ordering relations between different institutional arrangements locally, regionally and internally. Three discourses were found in the cooperation: discourses of sovereignty, knowledge and development. In the discourse of sovereignty, the development of relations between state and indigenous peoples in terms of international environmental cooperation is central. In the discourse of knowledge, the different forms of knowledge and the role of different producers of knowledge in cooperation has been discussed. The discourse of development focuses on the idea of sustainable development and its applications in defining the future of the Circumpolar North and the activities of the Arctic Council. The arctic cooperation can be understood as a regional effort to make an order of sustainability into practice."--Provided by publisher.

This paper investigates the ways in which the economy has been incorporated into the political reasoning and practice of region-building in the Barents Region among experts. While economic regionalism has been a key strand of studies on historic regionalism, this is not the case for the Barents Region. Yet, the natural resources of the region continue to raise high expectations about cross-border economic cooperation and development. Full appreciation of any regional development is underpinned by research and knowledge combining both political and economic considerations, but this basis is somewhat less solid in the Barents area. The knowledge base about the region and its development is therefore fragmented, limited and partial. This is an obvious problem, as many of the recent developments in the Barents Region, and also in the larger Arctic context, relate to economic opportunities, cooperation and development with implications also for political cooperation and governance. The paper analyses the development of political Barents studies from early 1990s until today, in particular its relation with economic developments in the region. ; publishedVersion

In this article, I discuss trust and its manifestations in international environmental cooperation. A lack of trust in the capacity of states and other actors to tackle environmental issues leads to international environmental insecurity. Awareness of such incapacities is widespread and is increasing in `modern risk societies'. Trust is often understood as the rational and intentional efforts of parties to treat one another as trustworthy counterparts and to ignore discretion, but it is also habitual. Trust is based on the socialization of agents into certain practices. The importance of trust and its different dimensions emerged as the central theme in a study of international environmental cooperation in northwestern Russia. Russian and Nordic participants were interviewed in the winter 2003—2004 and spring 2006 with the aim of gathering their views and experiences on cooperation. The interviewees were mainly representatives of regional and national administrations and non-governmental organizations. In addition, in the autumn of 2004 and again in the autumn of 2006, a questionnaire was sent to project managers working in northwestern Russia. The article highlights the importance of the institutional dimension of trust in terms of trust in abstract expertise and monetary systems as well as trust in the representatives of such systems. Both trust and the lack of trust remain important issues, especially in regard to the Russian capacity to develop domestic environmental policies and to improve the status of Russia in international environmental cooperation.

The article discusses the way global environmental problems have been included in the concept of environmental security. The concept has been developed as an alternative to the traditional concept of security, which emphasizes the security of the state and the military means of securing it. The discussion on the concept of environmental security has concentrated on the unit of analysis: it has been suggested that an environmental component be included in the concept of national security, global security or societal security. However, the problem in the concept of environmental security is that the referent object of security, the environment, has not been given enough attention. The relationships between the man, the environment and globalization of environmental problems require more thorough study in order to develop the concept.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Everyday practices of adaptation in the modern Arctic. Monica Tennberg and Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo -- Part I. Situated weather practices in work contexts -- Chapter 2. Waiting for snow: Discrepancy between the demand for snow and actual snow conditions. Seija Tuulentie -- Chapter 3. Living with Baltic Sea ice. Élise Lépy -- Chapter 4. Reindeer, cows and people: Sustainable human—animal adaptations in Finnish Lapland. Nuccio Mazzullo and Päivi Soppela -- Chapter 5. Managing snow in an Arctic city: Urban political ecology approach. Birgitta Vinkka and Jarno Valkonen -- Chapter 6. The (snow) garden as a unique space for human–nature relations. Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo -- Part II. Situated weather practices in mobility contexts -- Chapter 7. When the risk realises on a wintry road. The failure of the socio-technical system of land-based transport in northern conditions. Leena Suopajärvi -- Chapter 8. From everyday work to sensations of freedom: Snowmobile users' relationships to snow, ice and weather. Tapio Nykänen -- Chapter 9. Winter cycling developments in two cities of northern Finland. Minna T. Turunen -- Chapter 10. Watch your step: Everyday urban mobility in the Arctic. Monica Tennberg -- Chapter 11. Winter wonderland: Girls' interactive relationship with the Arctic environment. Varpu Wiens -- Chapter 12. Welcome aboard! Motorboating encounters in Arctic inland waters. Vesa Markuksela -- Part III. Conclusion -- Chapter 13. Concluding remarks: Modern Arctic winter life – everyday negotiations with weather. Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo and Monica Tennberg.

Providing the first comprehensive account to look explicitly at the relationship between global politics and science through an account of the International Polar Years, this volume combines both interdisciplinary and multi-theoretical approaches to engage directly with the most recent debates in international relations scholarship.

Sustainabilities in the resourceful North / Hanna Lempinen, Monica Tennberg and Susanna Pirnes -- Greenland and the elusive better future : the affective merging of resources and independence / Marjo Lindroth -- Promise and threat : living with nuclear in the Finnish context / Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo -- Untied resource as a thredt for social fabric(ation) / Joonas Vola -- "Prudent development" : the (r)evolution of the Arctic energy concernin the 2007-2017 Arctic Energy Summit Reports / Hanna Lempinen -- Socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the European Arctic : new pathways for global investors to outperform conventional capital investments? / Adrian Braun -- Resources on the Arctic border : views of the Finnish municipalities and the EU's cross-border program / Paula Tulppo -- The political ecology of northern adaptation : power, nature and knowledge / Gemma Holt -- Arctic expertise and its social dimensions in Lapland / Monica Tennberg -- When gender matters : equality as a source of Arctic sustainability? / Heidi Sinevaara-Niskanen -- Sámi cultural heritage and tourism in Finland / Francis Joy -- History as a resource in Russian Arctic politics / Susanna Pirnes -- The resourceful North : divergent imaginaries from the European Arctic / Monica Tennberg, Hanna Lempinen and Susanna Pirnes.

As Gail Fondahl and Gary Wilson (2017) have pointed out, "there are numerous sustainabilities and numerous norths." This diversity is seldom reflected in the scholarly literature or popularized debates, which tend to depict the Arctic region as one, not many. The notions of sustainability and sustainable development are typically treated in equally elusive and ubiquitous ways, ignoring both the conceptual complexity and the practical challenges that "successfully" applying these notions in practice entail. In this chapter we draw conclusions from individual contributions in the book and argue that the European Arctic is not only rich in resources, but also resourceful in terms of its social and cultural resources and their potentialities. Our conclusions set forth an understanding of multiple Norths and understandings of (social) sustainability as a practice beyond the politics of sustainable development: as a social practice, as a social imaginary and as a way to understand resources, societies and their present and future potentialities. ; Peer reviewed