Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the relationship between known social complexity and model of primary care service deliveryApproachThe impacts of the social determinants of health are well described. To understand the contribution of specific factors on primary care service use we linked social data in the Population Health Research Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy to health system data. We included all patients visiting a Winnipeg clinic at least three times between 2010 and 2013. We allocated each participant to the primary care provider providing the majority of their care; and each provider was assigned to the model of care where they provided the majority of their clinical care. We developed eleven new indicators to describe social complexity such as: children in care, low income quintile, income assistance (welfare), high residential mobility, and involvement with the justice system. Results The cohort included 626,264 unique individuals of whom 53.1% were female. The majority of participants received their care from the fee for service (FFS) model (511,763) followed by 76,261 assigned to "reformed FFS". 16,536 and 12,178 were assigned to the 2 team-based care alternative funded models and 9,526 to the teaching clinic model. Patients with social complexities, except for newcomers, were more likely to attend the alternative funded clinics. The patients these clinics served were generally very complex with over 15% having more than 5 complexities compared to less than 5% of those attending the FFS models. Twice as many patients in the FFS models (60%) had no complexities compared to the alternative funded models.ConclusionThe availability of social data in population health repositories provides new opportunities to understand the distribution of these social factors amongst care providers and the impact of each on the health of populations. This new understanding can support focused interventions to address specific social risk factors and provide the evidence to support different models of primary care service delivery.

ABSTRACTObjectives To determine the relationships between five models of primary care service delivery and quality of care indicators in an urban population. Two fee-for-service (FFS) and three alternative-funded models of primary care service delivery were studiedApproach We allocated all Manitoba residents who had at least three visits to any primary care provider (PCP) at any Winnipeg clinic between 2010-2013 to the most responsible PCP (N = 626,264). We then allocated each PCP to a model of primary care service delivery. We created general linear mixed models to describe the relationship between each model of primary care and the dominant, traditional fee-for-service model for health services use, while controlling for a variety of PCP and patient factors, including patient social complexity.Results Patient social complexity was associated with poorer crude rates for many of the indicators. There were no differences among the models for hospital readmission within 30 days or specialist referral by the assigned PCP. Hospitalizations for ACSC were higher for one alternative funded model (1.98 OR, 1.38-2.83 95% CI), while non-indicated low back X-rays were lower for a different alternative funded model (0.14 OR, 0.03-0.59 95% CI). Ambulatory care visits to any PCP were lower for all three alternative funded models than the two FFS models. The family medicine academic teaching sites had lower rates of continuity of care (p< 0.5)Conclusion Overall, no model of primary care consistently outperformed the others. FFS models had higher rates of visits, but appeared to satisfy patient needs better because they had less use of telehealth services following visits. Teaching sites appeared to sacrifice continuity of care potentially to support other academic activities. Controlling for social complexity was associated with a reduction in the differences between models in indicator outcomes.

IntroductionAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) – mental and/or physical health diagnoses due to harmful alcohol consumption – are associated with compromised quality of life for the individual. Over the past two decades, pharmacotherapies have been developed to treat alcohol addiction and may help mitigate the harmful outcomes linked with excessive alcohol.
Objectives and ApproachThe objectives were to examine the pharmacotherapy dispensation patterns among individuals with an AUD and their mental health comorbidities. We used ICD codes from medical claims and hospital discharge data to identify anyone with a physical / mental health diagnosis due to harmful alcohol consumption – AUD, April 1, 1996-March 31, 2015. We identified mental health comorbidities using administrative health records. Drug dispensation data were used to identify all first-time prescriptions for acamprosate, naltrexone, or disulfiram occurring after an initial AUD diagnosis. Generalized linear models tested for predictors of receiving a prescription and to identify differences in mental health comorbidities.
ResultsWe identified 53,556 treatment niave individuals with an AUD who were eligible to receive one of these three prescriptions. 493 of these received a prescription for acamprosate, naltrexone, or disulfiram. The majority of prescriptions came from general practitioners from urban centers. Those with a prescription were significantly more likely to have a comorbid mood or anxiety diagnosis. Those with a prescription were more likely to have a physician visit for a mental health issue a year to two years before diagnosis compared with those who did not have a prescription; and, they were more likely to be dispensed a selective serotonin, a sedative, and an anti-anxiety medication prior to receiving an AUD diagnosis.
Conclusion/ImplicationsDrug therapies to aid in the recovery from AUD are being underutilized. Diagnosis of and treatment for mental health disorders is more common among those dispensed these medications. Programs that study clinicians' use of AUD-targeted drug therapies should be considered, while psychiatric services in addiction care require significant improvement.

IntroductionManitoba has one of the highest rates of children taken into care of child welfare services (Child and Family Services; CFS) in the world, and also one of the highest youth incarceration rates in Canada. Policy-makers recognize there is overlap between these systems; the extent of that overlap is unknown.
Objectives and ApproachWe linked CFS, Justice, and Population Health Registry data to quantify the overlap between having a history of CFS during childhood (0-17 years) and being charged with a crime as a youth (12-17 years). Using a cohort approach, we selected all individuals in Manitoba who were born in 1988 (N=28,178); those not in the province at any time from 12-17 years were excluded, leaving a final cohort of 18,182. The cohort was divided into 3 groups according to CFS involvement: CFS out-of-home care (1,148); CFS in-home services (3,395); no CFS (13,639). Criminal charges between 12-17 years were identified.
Results6.3% of our cohort had CFS out-of-home care, 18.7% received CFS in-home services, and 75% had no CFS involvement. 10.5% of the cohort were charged of a crime between 12-17 years. Almost half (46.6%) of youth who had CFS out-of-home care had criminal charges, compared to 19.4% of youth who had CFS in-home services, and 5.3% of youth with no CFS. Despite accounting for only 6.3% of the cohort, youth who had out-of-home care accounted for 28.0% of youth with criminal charges. Indigenous (First Nations (FN) and Metis) children/youth were over-represented in both systems; for example, 24.5% of FN youth had been in care compared to 3.1% of non-Indigenous; and 32.2% of FN youth were charged with a crime compared to 6.6% of non-Indigenous youth.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThere is substantial overlap between the child welfare and youth justice systems, with overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in both systems. Culturally appropriate programs and policies aimed at supporting parents, families and communities to care for their own children will likely have long-term positive impacts on the youth justice system.