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This paper analyses how a group of researchers from different disciplines has been able to form creative collaborative spaces to model life together. Making mathematical models of life is a new way of creating biological knowledge – called systems biology – that ultimately aims to revolutionise medicine, by making it more effective through personalisation. By conceptualizing this interdisciplinary effort to create a new research field as a Scientific/Intellectual Movement, I analyse the entanglement of epistemic and social transformations, discussing how systems biology moved from the periphery towards the center of biology. Thereby, I am turning the focus on the spatial dimensions of Scientific/Intellectual Movements. More specifically, I introduce a topological approach detailing three interrelated spatial movements: aggregation, circulation and oscillation that together constitute the choreography of systems biology. They show how some strong, dispersed, local centers have effectively raised funds to build human capacity, organisations and infrastructures, while creating international networks. Through interaction with science policy makers, a global circulation of policies took place, stimulating the building of collaborative centers for systems biology, while the ending of funding programmes is now causing fragmentation again. As such, this paper argues that the choreography of systems biology as a Scientific/Intellectual Movement exemplifies how spatial (re-)configurations are fundamental to transformations in the knowledge landscape and the institutionalization of creativity.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- PART I INTRODUCTION -- 1 When Scientists, Scholars, Clinicians, Physicians and Patients Meet -- 2 The Evolution of Collaborations in Health Sciences Measured by Co-authorship -- PART II COLLABORATION IN HEALTH RESEARCH -- 3 From Virus to Vaccine: Projectification of Science in the VIRGO Consortium -- 4 Who Wants to Collaborate with Social Scientists? Biomedical and Clinical Scientists' Perceptions of Social Science -- 5 Credible to Collaborators Themselves: How Corporations and Trade Associations Made Trans Fats into a Problem -- PART III COLLABORATIVE HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURES -- 6 The Compound Collaborations of Clinical Registries -- 7 Scripted Collaboration: Digitalisation of Care for Children -- PART IV COLLABORATION IN HEALTH CARE -- 8 Shifting Collaborations and the Quest for Legitimacy: Observation of Regenerative Medicine Research in Japan -- 9 Boundary-Spanning Engagements on a Neonatal Ward: Reflections on a Collaborative Entanglement between Clinicians and a Researcher -- 10 Health Care Collaboration Between Patients and Physicians -- PART V CONCLUSION -- 11 The Health of Collaborations: A Reflection

Tissue engineering is an evolving multi-disciplinary field with cutting-edge technologies and innovative scientific perceptions that promise functional regeneration of damaged tissues/organs. Tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs) are biomaterial-cell products or a cell-drug combination which is injected, implanted or topically applied in the course of a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure. Current tissue engineering strategies aim at 3D printing/bioprinting that uses cells and polymers to construct living tissues/organs in a layer-by-layer fashion with high 3D precision. However, unlike conventional drugs or therapeutics, TEMPs and 3D bioprinted tissues are novel therapeutics and need different regulatory protocols for clinical trials and commercialization processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand the complexity of raw materials, cellular components, and manufacturing procedures to establish standards that can help to translate these products from bench to bedside. These complexities are reflected in the regulations and standards that are globally in practice to prevent any compromise or undue risks to patients. This review comprehensively describes the current legislations, standards for TEMPs with a special emphasis on 3D bioprinted tissues. Based on these overviews, challenges in the clinical translation of TEMPs & 3D bioprinted tissues/organs along with their ethical concerns and future perspectives are discussed.