Suchergebnisse

This article analyses three cases of repatriation of human remains by French public museums in order to critically examine the difficulties in the changing institutional practice. It critically ssesses the statutory and administrative processes that have been used to repatriate human remains and identifies the difficulties that have been and are mostly still encountered. Firstly, it evaluates the public/private conundrum of ownership of human remains in French law, which explains why Parliament had to intervene to facilitate the repatriation of remains in public museum collections, whereas a private society could repatriate the skulls of chief Ataï and his doctor to New Caledonia without legal difficulties. Secondly, it reviews the need for parliamentary intervention for the repatriation of the remains of Saartjie Baartman to South Africa and several Mokomokai to New Zealand. Finally, it criticizes the administrative deadlock that has prevented the development of a repatriation practice that could have b en established after the successful repatriation of the remains of Vamaica Peru to Uruguay. Unfortunately, the process has remained opaque and ineffective, owing to a variety of factors; in particular the ambiguity regarding the role of the Commission scientifique nationale des collections, which is set to be abolished and whose role will be undertaken by the Haut conseil des Musées de France, and a lack of political, financial, and structural support from the Ministry of Culture. Until these shortcomings are addressed and clear criteria for repatriation are drawn up, it is unlikely that France will develop a coherent, transparent, and effective process for the repatriation of human remains.

En prenant appui sur les déclarations de propriétés et les actes de vente, l'auteur s'attache à scruter le marché immobilier au xvnF siècle. Il s'efforce surtout de mettre en lumière les éléments fondamentaux qui régissent le fonctionnement des marchés dans trois petites villes de la France du Nord, Armentières, Comines et Le Cateau. Bien entendu, les petites villes ne pouvaient concurrencer les villes de rang supérieur par le volume de leur marché. En effet, les échanges portaient surtout sur des petites transactions, en l'occurrence des portions d'habitations et plus encore des maisons médiocres. Les petites villes étaient également marquées par une forte instabilité du marché mesurée par la mobilité du parc immobilier et la saisonnalité des ventes. La pulvérisation de la propriété qui n'était pas parvenue à intéresser des rassembleurs de pierre, et la relative faiblesse de l'emprise ecclésiastique favorisaient effectivement la fluidité des échanges.