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AbstractWe show the impact of migration type on real wages over time. We create a migration and earnings history from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth over the period 1979–2002. We estimate the effects of primary, onward, and two types of return migration on real wages using a panel data model with individual, location, and time fixed effects. Panel data are well suited for the study of the returns to U.S. internal migration because the influence of migration on wages has been found to occur years after the event. We differentiate return migration into two types: return to a location with ties that form a geographical anchor ("home") and return to a prior place of work. We find that real wage growth varies by migration type. Education attainment is a significant factor in real wage growth. Our results show that onward migration is an important channel by which the monetary rewards to a college education are manifested.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of locational and individual characteristics upon interstate retiree migration, particularly in state‐level public policy variables. Data regarding the characteristics of individual movers are drawn from the 1990 US. Census of Population and Housing 5% Public Use Microdata Sample. The household data are merged with location‐specific attributes including both natural amenities and local fiscal variables. Three specifications of the model are estimated. The "push" model analyzes the impact of origin characteristics upon migration between states, while the "pull" model demonstrates the influence of destination characteristics upon interstate migration. The final specification is the "difference" model, which measures the actual changes in site characteristics experienced by migrants in their location decisions. The results indicate that both personal and locational characteristics are important factors determining the decision of elderly migrants to change their state of residence. While there is some limited support for the push and pull specifications, the difference model is found to provide the best overall fit.

AbstractThis paper examines the economic experience of past energy booms and that of current unconventional shale gas and oil development. We focus on key economic characteristics of gas and oil production such as its employment potential, its geography, and its boom‐bust nature. This background is used to discuss important economic policy issues arising with unconventional oil and gas development such as taxation, governmental use of those revenues, preemption, and equity in the distribution of costs and benefits. The paper concludes with economic policy recommendations for states and communities affected by such development including not viewing oil and gas development as an effective long‐run economic development strategy, leveraging short‐run financial gains from the development into permanent advantages, and strengthening the capacity for local governments to understand and manage this activity.