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The growth and health of our digital economies and societies depend on the core protocols and infrastructure of the Internet. This technical and logical substructure of our digital existence is now in need of protection against unwarranted interference in order to sustain the growth and the integrity of the global Internet. The Internet's key protocols and infrastructure can be considered a global public good that provides benefits to everyone in the world. Countering the growing state interference with this 'public core of the Internet' requires a new international agenda for Internet governance that departs from the notion of a global public good. Core ingredients of this strategy are:- To establish and disseminate an international norm stipulating that the Internet's public core - its main protocols and infrastructure- should be considered a neutral zone, safeguarded against unwarranted intervention by governments.- To advocate efforts to clearly differentiate at the national and international level between Internet security (security of the Internet infrastructure) and national security (security through the Internet).- To broaden the arena for cyber diplomacy to include new coalitions of states (including the so called 'swing states') and private companies, including the large Internet companies as well as Internet intermediaries such as Internet Service Providers.

Though the exact nature and delineation of Big Data is still unclear, it seems likely that Big Data will have an enormous impact on our daily lives. 'Exploring the Boundaries of Big Data' serves as preparatory work for The Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy's advice to the Dutch government, which has asked the Council to address questions regarding Big Data, security and privacy. It is divided into five parts, each part engaging with a different perspective on Big Data: the technical, empirical, legal, regulatory and international perspective

Though the exact nature and delineation of Big Data is still unclear, it seems likely that Big Data will have an enormous impact on our daily lives. 'Exploring the Boundaries of Big Data' serves as preparatory work for The Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy's advice to the Dutch government, which has asked the Council to address questions regarding Big Data, security and privacy. It is divided into five parts, each part engaging with a different perspective on Big Data: the technical, empirical, legal, regulatory and international perspective

Law De rechterlijke macht staat sterk in de maatschappelijke belangstelling en wordt herhaaldelijk uitgedaagd meer van 'zichzelf te laten zien'. Het publiek moet via live-beelden het doen en laten in de rechtszaal kunnen volgen, rechters hebben volgens de minister aan hun 'imago' te werken en de samenleving wenst inzicht in de kosten en baten van het 'product' geschilbeslechting. Er is, zowel binnen als buiten de rechtszaal, een roep om transparantie, in de zin van moderne varianten van de klassieke openbaarheid van rechtspraak. Centraal in deze verkenning staat de vraag in hoeverre de rechtspraak haar werkwijze en strategie moet aanpassen in het licht van deze ontwikkeling. Wat is, als het op transparantie aankomt, een gerechtvaardigde vraag vanuit de samenleving en waar begint een onwenselijke inmenging met de onafhankelijke positie van de rechterlijke macht? Tot op heden heeft dit instituut de kaarten in hoofdzaak ingezet op transparantie in de zin van meer zichtbaarheid en begrijpelijkheid. Het is de vraag of dat voldoende zal zijn. Deze verkenning beoogt vanuit een diversiteit aan invalshoeken en veel nieuw empirisch materiaal - burgers en rechters zelf aan het woord - een bijdrage te leveren aan dit vraagstuk.

Because borders alone cannot stop irregular migration, the European Union is turning more and more to internal control measures. Through surveillance, member states aim to exclude irregular migrants from societal institutions, thereby discouraging their stay or deporting those who are apprehended. And yet, states cannot expel immigrants who remain anonymous. Identification has thus become key. Breaking Down Anonymity shows how digital surveillance is becoming a prime instrument of identification and exclusion policies towards irregular migrants. To support this claim, the study charts policy developments in Germany and the Netherlands. It analyses both countries' labour market controls as well as their detention and expulsion practices. Also examined is the development of several new EU migration databases. Spanning the Continent, these information systems create a new European Union frontier - one that is digital, biometric and ever-strengthening.

Because borders alone cannot stop irregular migration, the European Union is turning more and more to internal control measures. Through surveillance, member states aim to exclude irregular migrants from societal institutions, thereby discouraging their stay or deporting those who are apprehended. And yet, states cannot expel immigrants who remain anonymous. Identification has thus become key. Breaking Down Anonymity shows how digital surveillance is becoming a prime instrument of identification and exclusion policies towards irregular migrants. To support this claim, the study charts policy developments in Germany and the Netherlands. It analyses both countries' labour market controls as well as their detention and expulsion practices. Also examined is the development of several new EU migration databases. Spanning the Continent, these information systems create a new European Union frontier - one that is digital, biometric and ever-strengthening.