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of Volume 7 -- 1 Genetic Factors in Alcohol Abuse: Animal Models -- Animal Models in Alcohol Research -- A Quantitative Genetic Model -- Genetically Defined Populations in Alcohol Research -- Selective Breeding -- Summary -- References -- 2 Genetic Factors in Alcoholism -- Common Methodological Problems in Research on Genetic -- References -- 3 Acute Pharmacological Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System -- Membranes -- Effects of Ethanol on Brain Calcium -- Membrane-dependent Neurotransmitter Activity -- Summary -- References -- 4 Ethanol and Brain Mechanisms of Reward -- Substrates of Brain Stimulation Reward -- Substrates of Drug Reward -- Interactions of Drugs of Abuse with Brain-Stimulation Reward -- Speculations -- References -- 5 Ethanol as a Reinforcer: Comparison with Other Drugs -- Intravenous Drugs as Reinforcers -- Intragastric Drug Self-administration -- Ethanol and Other Drugs as Reinforcers by the Oral Route -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6 A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man -- Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Drugs -- Control of Behavior by Aversive Consequences -- Substance Abuse: Similarities and Differences -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Definitions of Functional Tolerance and Dependence -- Factors Modulating Ethanol Tolerance Development -- Effects of Ethanol Administration on Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Role of Neuronal Membranes in Development of Tolerance and Dependence -- Role of Condensation Products in Ethanol Tolerance and Dependence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Metabolic Mechanisms in Tolerance and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Metabolic Tolerance -- Metabolism Mechanisms in Physical Dependence -- References -- 9 Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interactions -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems -- A Consideration of the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption -- Tolerance -- Physical Dependence -- Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Brain Dysfunction and Alcohol -- Structural Brain Damage -- Evoked Potentials -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholics -- Short-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Long-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Theoretical Considerations -- References -- 13 Prenatal Effects of Alcohol Abuse in Humans and Laboratory Animals -- Historical Introduction to Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy -- Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Alcohol Abuse in Humans -- Animal Models of Maternal Alcohol Use and Abuse -- The Importance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to Problems of Female Alcohol Abuse -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication -- Available Antagonists of Centrally Active Drugs -- Putative Alcohol Antagonists -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Study -- References.

1 Theory and Practice in the Treatment of Alcoholism -- The Development of Alcoholism -- A Pathogenetic Classification of Alcoholics -- Implications for Therapy -- Treatment Models in Alcoholism -- The Multimodal, Multidisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Alcoholism -- References -- 2 Medical Management of the Alcoholic Patient -- The Role of the Physician in the Treatment of Alcoholism -- Criteria for Diagnosis -- Criteria for Referral and/or Treatment -- Designing a Specific Treatment Plan -- References -- 3 Psychotherapeutic Approach -- General Considerations -- Initial Phase -- Middle Phase -- Late Phase and Termination -- Relationship Issues -- Individual Psychotherapy in Relation to Other Treatment Methods -- Summary -- References -- 4 Engaging the Alcoholic in Treatment and Keeping Him There -- Detection of the Alcoholic -- Engaging the Patient at the Referral Stage -- Keeping the Alcoholic in Treatment -- References -- 5 Toward a Social Model: An Assessment of Social Factors Which Influence Problem Drinking and Its Treatment -- Social Systems Theory and Its Role in the Social Model -- Social Etiological Factors in Drinking Behavior -- Treatment Approaches -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Group Psychotherapy in Alcoholism -- Alcoholics Anonymous -- A Survey of Group Therapy with Alcoholics -- Conjoint and Family Groups -- Summary -- References -- 7 Family Therapy in Alcoholism -- Family Therapy as a Treatment Modality -- Family Therapy in Alcoholism -- Al-Anon Family Groups -- Discussion -- References -- 8 Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Alcoholism -- Behavioral Theories of Alcoholism -- Behavioral Assessment Techniques -- Behavioral Treatment Approaches -- References -- 9 The Role of the Halfway House in the Rehabilitation of Alcoholics -- Halfway Houses -- Residents -- Rehabilitation -- A Theory of Rehabilitation -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10 Evaluation of Treatment Methods in Chronic Alcoholism -- Treatment Goals and Outcome -- Treatment Length -- Spontaneous Improvement, or What Happens to the Untreated Alcoholic? -- Inpatient Treatment -- Outpatient Treatment -- Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) -- Behavioristically Oriented Psychotherapy -- Drug Treatment -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 11 Factors in the Development of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) -- Introduction: Crisis for a Hungover Doctor -- The Growth and Size of A.A -- The Development of A.A. and Its Structure -- Evaluations of A.A. Effectiveness -- The Literature on A.A -- References -- 12 Role of the Recovered Alcoholic in the Treatment of Alcoholism -- Definitions -- Scope of Chapter -- Roles of the Recovered Alcoholic, Past and Present -- The Alcoholism Counselor as Member of a Treatment Team -- Thoughts on the Future of Recovered Alcoholics as Counselors -- References -- 13 Training for Professionals and Nonprofessionals in Alcoholism -- Significant Components of Training -- Examples of Programs -- Evaluation -- Guidelines for Designing a Training Program -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Public Health Treatment Programs in Alcoholism -- Alcohol Problems in the United States -- The Rise of Organizational Interest in the Problem of Alcoholism -- Social Involvement with Problems of Alcoholism -- Changing Legal Patterns in the Public Approach to Alcoholism -- Involvement of the Federal Government in Alcoholism Problems -- Patterns of Alcohol Use and Abuse within Communities -- The Scope of Public Health Problems Involved in Alcoholism -- Community Alcoholism Treatment Services -- Using Available Agencies: The Experience of Industry -- A Model Alcoholism Treatment Program -- Prevention of Alcoholism -- Summary -- References.

of Volume 4 -- 1 Alcohol Use in Tribal Societies -- 2 Anthropological Perspectives on the Social Biology of Alcohol: An Introduction to the Literature -- 3 Drinking Behavior and Drinking Problems in the United States -- 4 Alcoholism in Women -- 5 Youthful Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Alcoholism -- 6 Family Structure and Behavior in Alcoholism: A Review of the Literature -- 7 The Alcoholic Personality -- 8 Alcoholism and Mortality -- 9 Alcohol and Unintentional Injury -- 10 Alcohol and Crimes of Violence -- 11 Alcohol Abuse and Work Organizations -- 12 Education and the Prevention of Alcoholism -- 13 The Effects of Legal Restraint on Drinking.

Absorption, Diffusion, Distribution, and Elimination of Ethanol: Effects on Biological Membranes -- The Metabolism of Alcohol in Normals and Alcoholics: Enzymes -- Effect of Ethanol on Intracellular Respiration and Cerebral Function -- Effect of Ethanol on Neurohumoral Amine Metabolism -- The Role of Acetaldehyde in the Actions of Ethanol -- The Effect of Alcohol on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Carbohydrate Metabolism in Alcoholics -- Protein, Nucleotide, and Porphyrin Metabolism -- Effects of Ethanol on Lipid, Uric Acid, Intermediary, and Drug Metabolism, Including the Pathogenesis of the Alcoholic Fatty Liver -- Biochemistry of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease in Alcoholism -- Alcohol and Vitamin Metabolism -- The Effect of Alcohol on Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism -- Mineral Metabolism in Alcoholism -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interrelationships -- Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Alcohol -- Biochemical Mechanisms of Alcohol Addiction -- Methods for the Determination of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde -- The Chemistry of Alcoholic Beverages.