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et al. ; We present the final combination of CDF and D0 measurements of cross sections for single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb−1 per experiment. The t-channel cross section is measured to be σt=2.25+0.29−0.31 pb. We also present the combinations of the two-dimensional measurements of the s- vs t-channel cross section. In addition, we give the combination of the s+t channel cross section measurement resulting in σs+t=3.30+0.52−0.40 pb, without assuming the standard model value for the ratio σs/σt. The resulting value of the magnitude of the top-to-bottom quark coupling is |Vtb|=1.02+0.06−0.05, corresponding to |Vtb|>0.92 at the 95% C.L. ; We acknowledge support from the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation (U.S.A.), the Australian Research Council (Australia), the National Council for the Development of Science and Technology and the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the China Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the National Science Council of the Republic of China (China), the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colombia), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), the Academy of Finland, the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission and the National Center for Scientific Research/National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (Germany), the Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology (India), the Science Foundation Ireland (Ireland), the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (Italy), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), the Korean World Class University Program and the National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea), the National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (Netherlands), the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Russia), the Slovak R&D Agency (Slovakia), the Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (Spain), the Swedish Research Council (Sweden), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine), the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the The Royal Society (United Kingdom), the A. P. Sloan Foundation (U.S.A.), and the European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship Contract No. 302103. ; Peer Reviewed

The luxury industry has undertaken some truly transformational changes over the past 20 years. Most luxury brands are now owned by big players like LVMH, being a part of their portfolio, always with a side-eye in their branding strategies to not cannibalize other brands of the company. Expansions are a popular tool to enter new markets and take new challenges. The increasing number of middle class consumers with high purchasing power triggered a shift in the industry: From many, traditional, mainly family-owned luxury brands, catering to the wealthiest individuals, to becoming global players trying to cater to as many consumers as possible. Therefore, price-entry products, like perfumes, became a common expansion strategy among luxury brands. This has led not only to significantly increased diversification and democratization of the luxury industry, but simultaneously also to many challenges on the part of luxury brands who, in order to succeed in their brand extensions, needed to quickly identify the most suitable strategies for expansion. And it is at this crossroad, we ask a pertinent question: What makes a luxury company consistently successful? How did one man succeed where most other brands have not come close to his success till now? That man is Giorgio Armani, who is still the main decision maker in every aspect within his empire and controls 100% of Giorgio Armani SpA. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research based on a survey and focused groups, and their analysis, this paper will provide detailed findings for future entrepreneurs, business leaders and academics showing an example of how to take the challenge of expanding the core of a brand and dare to create brand extensions.

Defenders of male circumcision increasingly argue that female 'circumcision' (cutting of the clitoral hood or labia) should be legally allowed in Western liberal democracies even when non-consensual. In his target article, Richard Shweder (2022) gives perhaps the most persuasive articulation of this argument to have so far appeared in the literature. In my own work, I argue that no person should be subjected to medically unnecessary genital cutting of any kind without their own informed consent, regardless of the sex characteristics with which they were born or the religious or cultural background of their parents. Professor Shweder and I agree that Western law and policy on child genital cutting is currently beset with cultural, religious and sex-based double standards. We disagree about what should be done about this. In this commentary, I argue that 'legalising' childhood FGC so as to bring it into line with current treatment of childhood MGC is not an acceptable solution to these problems. Instead, all medically unnecessary genital cutting of non-consenting persons should be opposed on moral and legal grounds and discouraged by all appropriate means.

The age-structures of rabbit populations at 4 climatically different sites in South Australia were found to have altered significantly since the introduction of Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) as a vector of myxomatosis. The ratio of young of the year to older rabbits in summer was greatly reduced. There was evidence of decreases in size of all observed populations and (for 1 population) in ability to increase rapidly in favourable years. The ratio of young of the year to older rabbits was a convenient and sensitive index of changes in population structure; for analytical purposes, the log transformation (ln [ratio] or ln [ratio + 1]) was biologically and statistically sound. Since the fleas became established, field-strain viruses may have become more virulent and morbidity rates may have increased, but the factors enabling rabbit fleas to enhance myxomatosis as a cause of mortality are unknown. The apparent virulence may have increased because of selection for viruses of high virulence, which are best suited for transmission by S. cuniculi, and possibly because the dose of virus transmitted by fleas is considerably greater than that by mosquitoes or other agents.

Rabbits given an excess of air-dry food but only small amounts of drinking water had a lower food intake and lost more weight than those given food and water freely. They lost weight because they had less digesta in the gut and less water in the skin, and had catabolized more tissue. Their response to water shortage was similar to that seen in other grazing mammals. With low food intake, gut contents fell and the digestibility of food rose, while the daily mass of and water loss in faeces fell; the moisture content in faeces remaining the same. Dehydrated rabbits produced relatively small amounts of urine, up to 1.9 M urea, which was twice as concentrated as that of rabbits given water freely. The rabbits were not able to reduce their requirement for water to less than 55% of their total intake of food and water. As pasture species in mediterranean-type environments become relatively dry in summer and contain only 10 to 5% water, a shortage of water in natural pastures in those areas may, therefore, limit the amount of food which rabbits can use, and the ability of rabbits to survive in summer would, therefore, depend upon the availability of succulent, drought-resistant perennial vegetation.

Shortage of water in natural pastures led to a sharp decline in a large rabbit population in arid, northeastern
South Australia. The pastures were dry and some rabbits drank at springs and water troughs.
Further from water, rabbits climbed trees and shrubs to obtain succulent leaves and twigs. Rabbits
provided with water maintained their weight and apparently survived better than those which did not
drink. It seems unlikely that the rabbits lost weight because the water shortage reduced the amount of dry
food they could eat. In caged rabbits, water shortage limits food intake but also results in low gut fill;
whereas the wild rabbits had the normal amount of digesta in their guts. It is more likely that, as the
pastures became dry, rabbits ate woody twigs and bark which were moist enough to meet their water
requirements but contained too little digestible energy for maintenance. The water shortage apparently
arose because rabbits were numerous and had eaten out the succulent pasture plants. Normally, it takes a
long drought to reduce arid-zone plants to dry straw, and overgrazing is probably the usual cause of a
lack of adequate water for rabbits.

Rabbits could be controlled by various combinations of warren ripping, poisoning and fumigation, without the need for clearing roadside Eucalyptus spp.

The legislative agenda in most parliamentary systems is controlled tightly by the government and bills offered by individual members of parliament have low rates of success. Yet, members of parliament (MPs) do seek to present (private) members' bills even where the rate of adoption is very low. We argue that members' bills serve as an electoral connection but also as an opportunity for MPs to signal competence to their co-partisans. To demonstrate the presence of an electoral connection we take advantage of the random selection of private members' bills in the New Zealand House of Representatives and show that survey respondents approve more of electorate MPs whose bills were drawn on the ballot. In addition, we show that MPs respond to the incentives created by the voters and parties' willingness to reward legislative effort and, consequently, that electorally vulnerable legislators are more likely to place members' bills on the ballot.