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Engl. Zsfassung

The words "there is nothing certain in this world except death and taxes" proclaimed by Benjamin Franklin do not lose meaning after more than two centuries. Let us leave the problem of death or life to another publication and discuss taxes. A bit different from usual. I will disappoint a reader, an analyst or a government representative who sees taxes together through the prism of the base and the tariff, but does not ask the question "why?". For decades, the psychological motives of consumers have been discovered and established as a way to economic science. And taxes are not an exception here, but there is little due cause, especially in practice. And unnecessarily, because the work here would make it possible to enrich the arum of the state — all of us

The words "there is nothing certain in this world except death and taxes" proclaimed by Benjamin Franklin do not lose meaning after more than two centuries. Let us leave the problem of death or life to another publication and discuss taxes. A bit different from usual. I will disappoint a reader, an analyst or a government representative who sees taxes together through the prism of the base and the tariff, but does not ask the question "why?". For decades, the psychological motives of consumers have been discovered and established as a way to economic science. And taxes are not an exception here, but there is little due cause, especially in practice. And unnecessarily, because the work here would make it possible to enrich the arum of the state — all of us

The words "there is nothing certain in this world except death and taxes" proclaimed by Benjamin Franklin do not lose meaning after more than two centuries. Let us leave the problem of death or life to another publication and discuss taxes. A bit different from usual. I will disappoint a reader, an analyst or a government representative who sees taxes together through the prism of the base and the tariff, but does not ask the question "why?". For decades, the psychological motives of consumers have been discovered and established as a way to economic science. And taxes are not an exception here, but there is little due cause, especially in practice. And unnecessarily, because the work here would make it possible to enrich the arum of the state — all of us

The words "there is nothing certain in this world except death and taxes" proclaimed by Benjamin Franklin do not lose meaning after more than two centuries. Let us leave the problem of death or life to another publication and discuss taxes. A bit different from usual. I will disappoint a reader, an analyst or a government representative who sees taxes together through the prism of the base and the tariff, but does not ask the question "why?". For decades, the psychological motives of consumers have been discovered and established as a way to economic science. And taxes are not an exception here, but there is little due cause, especially in practice. And unnecessarily, because the work here would make it possible to enrich the arum of the state — all of us

The articlebriefly overviews some features of Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as the influence of their opinions on the case law of the Court. The research is based on the doctrine as well as on the case law. The latter spotlightsinter aliathe links between the opinions of Advocates General and the judgments of the Court both when propositions of Advocates General are followed and when they are not. ; Straipsnyje aptariami kai kurie Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo generalinių advokatų bruožai ir analizuojama jų nuomonių įtaka teismui. Tyrimas grindžiamas doktrina ir Teisingumo Teismo (toliau ir TT) praktika. Jame taip pat išryškinamos generalinių advokatų nuomonių bei Teisingumo Teismo sprendimų sąsajos tiek tais atvejais, kai generalinių advokatų pateikti siūlymai yra priimami, tiek kai Teismas jais nesiremia.

This articlecontinues to overview some features of Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union and analyses the influence of their opinions on the case law of the Court. Their role in developing the Union's jurisprudence in general as well as shaping directions on how to apply EU law in dealing with new economies are of particular interest. ; Straipsnyje toliau gvildenami kai kurie Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo generalinių advokatų bruožai ir analizuojama jų nuomonių įtaka teismui. Dėmesio skiriama ne vien jų įtakai Sąjungos teismų praktikos plėtrai, bet ir vaidmeniui brėžiant naujųjų ekonomikų teisinių santykių vertinimo gaires.

The article continues a brief overview of some features of Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union and analyses the influence of their opinions on the case law of the Court. It focuses on the opinions of Advocates General and the judgments of the Court both when the AG propositions are followed and when they are not.The provided analysis leads to several concluding remarks. Firstly, Advocates General play an important role in generating progressive legal ideas and actively participate in the relevant legal debate. Some AGs propositions had impact on the landmark judgments that form the basics of the EU case law. Secondly, for new legal issues, Advocates General become pioneers that inspire the development of jurisprudence. AGs' opinions play the role of a starting point for the Court as well. Even if their proposals are not followed, they frequently become the first voiced perspectives on some issues, and this has an inevitable impact at least on legal debates and studies. Thirdly, Advocates General opinions are more informal than Court of Justice judgments and therefore often contain elements that provide a more extensive presentation about the issue at stake. Certain metaphors employed by the AGs help theoretical legal construction, or "the law in books" to be converted into "the law in action," which is more understandable for the general public.

The article continues a brief overview of some features of Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union and analyses the influence of their opinions on the case law of the Court. It focuses on the opinions of Advocates General and the judgments of the Court both when the AG propositions are followed and when they are not.The provided analysis leads to several concluding remarks. Firstly, Advocates General play an important role in generating progressive legal ideas and actively participate in the relevant legal debate. Some AGs propositions had impact on the landmark judgments that form the basics of the EU case law. Secondly, for new legal issues, Advocates General become pioneers that inspire the development of jurisprudence. AGs' opinions play the role of a starting point for the Court as well. Even if their proposals are not followed, they frequently become the first voiced perspectives on some issues, and this has an inevitable impact at least on legal debates and studies. Thirdly, Advocates General opinions are more informal than Court of Justice judgments and therefore often contain elements that provide a more extensive presentation about the issue at stake. Certain metaphors employed by the AGs help theoretical legal construction, or "the law in books" to be converted into "the law in action," which is more understandable for the general public.

This articlepresents some general aspects of the scope of judicial review applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as its particularities in competition (the research comprises cases concerning agreements restricting competition and the abuse of a dominant position) and civil service cases. As legal texts of the European Union do not provide the precise scope of judicial control, the jurisprudenceof the Court of Justice of the European Union is one of the main sources giving clarifications on this issue. This article focuses accordingly on the presentation of the relevant jurisprudence, which analyzes the subject matter in general and reflects the evolution of this Court's approach in the said competition and civil service cases. ; Straipsnyje apžvelgiami kai kurie Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo atliekamos teisminės kontrolės apimties aspektai ir jos ypatumai konkurencijos (tyrimas apima bylas, susijusias su konkurenciją ribojančiais susitarimais ir piktnaudžiavimu dominuojančia padėtimi) bei viešosios tarnybos bylose. Kadangi Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai tiksliai neapibrėžia teisminės kontrolės apimties, Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo (ESTT) jurisprudencija yra vienas iš pagrindinių informacijos šaltinių šiuo klausimu. Atsižvelgiant į tai, straipsnyje pristatoma aktuali analizuojama tema ESTT praktika ir atspindima teismo požiūrio raida minėtose konkurencijos ir viešosios tarnybos bylose.