Suchergebnisse

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

The article presents an exploratory study of regional media content in Lithuania, carried out using computational content analysis methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of media capture on media content. More specifically, it analyses if and how local government's control over regional mass media leads to media bias. In addition, the research aims to test the methods of automatic content analysis for the texts in Lithuanian language. The article focuses on two local newspapers known for close relationships with local governments – Druskininkai newspaper "Mano Druskininkai" and Širvintos newspaper "Širvintų kraštas". For comparative purposes, the local newspapers of four additional municipalities (Utena, Šilutė, Birštonas and Biržai) are added to the analysis. The data revealed two different mechanisms for consolidating political power through the politically controlled media: in one newspaper, the dominant technique is the promotion of the mayor as a person, while in the other it is the attack of political opponents.

The article presents an exploratory study of regional media content in Lithuania, carried out using computational content analysis methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of media capture on media content. More specifically, it analyses if and how local government's control over regional mass media leads to media bias. In addition, the research aims to test the methods of automatic content analysis for the texts in Lithuanian language. The article focuses on two local newspapers known for close relationships with local governments – Druskininkai newspaper "Mano Druskininkai" and Širvintos newspaper "Širvintų kraštas". For comparative purposes, the local newspapers of four additional municipalities (Utena, Šilutė, Birštonas and Biržai) are added to the analysis. The data revealed two different mechanisms for consolidating political power through the politically controlled media: in one newspaper, the dominant technique is the promotion of the mayor as a person, while in the other it is the attack of political opponents.

The article presents an exploratory study of regional media content in Lithuania, carried out using computational content analysis methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of media capture on media content. More specifically, it analyses if and how local government's control over regional mass media leads to media bias. In addition, the research aims to test the methods of automatic content analysis for the texts in Lithuanian language. The article focuses on two local newspapers known for close relationships with local governments – Druskininkai newspaper "Mano Druskininkai" and Širvintos newspaper "Širvintų kraštas". For comparative purposes, the local newspapers of four additional municipalities (Utena, Šilutė, Birštonas and Biržai) are added to the analysis. The data revealed two different mechanisms for consolidating political power through the politically controlled media: in one newspaper, the dominant technique is the promotion of the mayor as a person, while in the other it is the attack of political opponents.

The article presents an exploratory study of regional media content in Lithuania, carried out using computational content analysis methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of media capture on media content. More specifically, it analyses if and how local government's control over regional mass media leads to media bias. In addition, the research aims to test the methods of automatic content analysis for the texts in Lithuanian language. The article focuses on two local newspapers known for close relationships with local governments – Druskininkai newspaper "Mano Druskininkai" and Širvintos newspaper "Širvintų kraštas". For comparative purposes, the local newspapers of four additional municipalities (Utena, Šilutė, Birštonas and Biržai) are added to the analysis. The data revealed two different mechanisms for consolidating political power through the politically controlled media: in one newspaper, the dominant technique is the promotion of the mayor as a person, while in the other it is the attack of political opponents.

The publication was compiled to provide the Lithuanian reader with a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive economic initiatives. It provides a conceptual and theoretical framework, traces the evolution of work in this area, shows how gender economics and gender analysis have been used as a tool of a more efficient allocation of economic resources. The article outlines and discusses the main gender problems and their impact into the government economic policy not only on the micro– but on the macro level too. It is the discussion about the gender responsive budget, trade liberalisation and gender impact into the trade liberalisation and gender responsive financial policy. The author concludes the integration and implementation of the gender analysis into the Lithuanian government economic policy could accelerate the sustainable economic growth and soften the consequences of globalisation process.

The publication was compiled to provide the Lithuanian reader with a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive economic initiatives. It provides a conceptual and theoretical framework, traces the evolution of work in this area, shows how gender economics and gender analysis have been used as a tool of a more efficient allocation of economic resources. The article outlines and discusses the main gender problems and their impact into the government economic policy not only on the micro– but on the macro level too. It is the discussion about the gender responsive budget, trade liberalisation and gender impact into the trade liberalisation and gender responsive financial policy. The author concludes the integration and implementation of the gender analysis into the Lithuanian government economic policy could accelerate the sustainable economic growth and soften the consequences of globalisation process.

Gender quota is seen as the result of a affirmative action policy, focused on reducing gender bias and women underrepresentation. Proportional representation of both sexes in the public sphere, especially in politics and decision-making bodies of organisations, is seen as a democratic and economic necessity, an essential condition for developing gender sensitive policy. The paper presents analysis of initiatives to legislate gender quatas in Lithuania, by discussing the accounts used for proposals to adopt gender quatas, representing the standpoints of main political actors and identifying the obstacles of quata's legitimation.

Gender quota is seen as the result of a affirmative action policy, focused on reducing gender bias and women underrepresentation. Proportional representation of both sexes in the public sphere, especially in politics and decision-making bodies of organisations, is seen as a democratic and economic necessity, an essential condition for developing gender sensitive policy. The paper presents analysis of initiatives to legislate gender quatas in Lithuania, by discussing the accounts used for proposals to adopt gender quatas, representing the standpoints of main political actors and identifying the obstacles of quata's legitimation.

Political communication, and election campaigns coverage in the press has been analyzed in many studies. However, the topic is still not exhausted, and becomes a more actual issue of the media political orientation. While public opinion researchers argue that the political sympathies of the population depends on many other things and the media only strengthens without affecting formed an opinion, it is part of democracy. The aim of this work is to reveal the trends of the activity of Valdas Adamkus during the election campaign in the daily newspaper "Lietuvos rytas". Were defined the concepts of agenda-setting, objectivity and bias, the trends observed by other media researchers were analised. It was concluded that the agenda is still have an impact on society because it indicates the important topics. However, this process is not governed only by the media staff, the authority and the electoral campaigns as well as candidates for the presidency try to participate in it. They almost always rely on the public relations specialist support, whose aim is often the access to the media and communicate their message. Therefore, TV or newspaper's editors receive a written version of the press releases with a lot of pseudo-events, news about minor candidate actions, the arim of which is to be carried out in the public and join the attention of journalists. Such cases have been identified during the investigation of the trends of informatikon transmition of V. Adamkus daily activities in "Lietuvos rytas", and especially huge ammount of these posts was published in the 2002-2003 when he was a president of Lithuania. The analysis of scientific literature has reported cases of expression of negativity upward trend in electoral campaigns and generally in the news. That trend could be determined in V. Adamkus business presentation only in 2004 during the election campaign. The analysis of bias elements showed that modern mass media have to balance between government, business and public spheres of interest. Often that interests are incompatible. It was found that the most frequently mentioned principal of objectivity is impossible task in practice the fact is that journalists have their own opinion and outlook, which is present in the selection of the data and their creative product. The objectivity is also impossible because of the media owners and editors influence, but they are likely to be influenced by customers – the developers of advertising spaces, and government. It is hard to tell who has the greatest influence, but the connections between these institutions are clear andclose.

Political communication, and election campaigns coverage in the press has been analyzed in many studies. However, the topic is still not exhausted, and becomes a more actual issue of the media political orientation. While public opinion researchers argue that the political sympathies of the population depends on many other things and the media only strengthens without affecting formed an opinion, it is part of democracy. The aim of this work is to reveal the trends of the activity of Valdas Adamkus during the election campaign in the daily newspaper "Lietuvos rytas". Were defined the concepts of agenda-setting, objectivity and bias, the trends observed by other media researchers were analised. It was concluded that the agenda is still have an impact on society because it indicates the important topics. However, this process is not governed only by the media staff, the authority and the electoral campaigns as well as candidates for the presidency try to participate in it. They almost always rely on the public relations specialist support, whose aim is often the access to the media and communicate their message. Therefore, TV or newspaper's editors receive a written version of the press releases with a lot of pseudo-events, news about minor candidate actions, the arim of which is to be carried out in the public and join the attention of journalists. Such cases have been identified during the investigation of the trends of informatikon transmition of V. Adamkus daily activities in "Lietuvos rytas", and especially huge ammount of these posts was published in the 2002-2003 when he was a president of Lithuania. The analysis of scientific literature has reported cases of expression of negativity upward trend in electoral campaigns and generally in the news. That trend could be determined in V. Adamkus business presentation only in 2004 during the election campaign. The analysis of bias elements showed that modern mass media have to balance between government, business and public spheres of interest. Often that interests are incompatible. It was found that the most frequently mentioned principal of objectivity is impossible task in practice the fact is that journalists have their own opinion and outlook, which is present in the selection of the data and their creative product. The objectivity is also impossible because of the media owners and editors influence, but they are likely to be influenced by customers – the developers of advertising spaces, and government. It is hard to tell who has the greatest influence, but the connections between these institutions are clear andclose.

The goal of this article is to analyse the peculiarities of the application of comparative method in political science. The analysis focuses on the historical development of comparative research and major factors that have influenced this development, mainly, historical events, development of research techniques and advancement of the data storage and processing. The analysis covers investigation of various models of comparative research classification as well as the problems of sampling. The comparative method is frequently used in political and social research as it broadens the perspective and could improve understanding of social phenomena. Many methodological problems encountered by scientists earlier on still remain unsolved, while some new challenges have been encountered such as ethnocentrism, sampling issues and cultural biases. The major goal of this article is to promote the scientific discussions on the application of comparative method in the political science in Lithuanian language. ; Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami lyginamojo metodo panaudojimo politikos moksle savitumai. Trumpai apžvelgus lyginamųjų tyrimų vystymosi istoriją, analizuojami veiksniai, kurie turėjo įtakos tyrimų poreikiui ir plėtrai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas lyginamųjų tyrimų klasifi kacijos analizei. Straipsnyje analizuojami keli lyginamųjų tyrimų klasifi kacijos modeliai, sukonstruoti remiantis skirtingu požiūriu į laiko ir erdvės parametrų svarbą. Taip pat analizuojama kiekybinė (tyrimo vienetų skaičiaus) klasifi kacija. Šio straipsnio tikslas – prisidėti prie lyginamosios politikos metodologijos analizės plėtojimo lietuvių kalba.