Suchergebnisse

Dans sa longue carrière de bibliste et d'enseignant, le Prof. Roland Meynet s.j. s'est illustré non seulement par le développement et la promotion d'une méthode d'exégèse dont l'originalité et la fécondité sont à présent bien reconnues, mais aussi par un souci constant, hérité de son maître Paul Beauchamp, de dégager la théologie des textes qu'il étudie en recourant à cette méthode. Une des thématiques au cœur de ses intérêts théologiques est le rapport de filiation entre les êtres humains et Dieu. Les textes réunis dans ce recueil d'hommage au Prof. Meynet éclairent, chacun à leur façon, cette réalité aussi riche que variée qu'est la filiation. Sans prétendre faire le tour de cette vaste thématique, ils en développent des aspects essentiels, en particulier dans ses composantes théologiques--lien de filiation entre le Christ et son Père, la filiation des croyants disciples du Christ et fils de Dieu--sans oublier pour autant la filiation humaine et ce qui s'y joue de l'identité et du devenir humain. Caractéristique originale de cet ouvrage, la thématique y est explorée non seulement dans la Bible--en particulier le Nouveau Testament--mais aussi dans d'autres grands textes de la culture occidentale ou universelle, comme par exemple la Règle de St Benoît ou les sages chinois Confucius et Laozi, mais aussi des écrits musulmans ou bouddhistes. L'exploration de ces textes recourt régulièrement à la méthode systématisée par R. Meynet, la rhétorique sémitique

Paola Guglielmotti ; Contains bibl., bibl. references, notes and name index ; Inhaltsverzeichnis

In Leviathan Hobbes confronts with the Bible devoting no less than half part of his work to religious and theological matter. In the parts three and four of Leviathan we can find eighteen voluminous chapters devoted to the discussion of various elements of the Christian faith such as prophecy, revelation, miracles and salvation. In doing so Hobbes deals with a lot of passages from the Old and New Testament. In my thesis I consider the reasons, the method, and the role of Hobbes's account on the Bible to show how the biblical interpretation and the political theory of Hobbes are strictly related. In the first part, I consider how the historical and intellectual reasons that lead Hobbes into a so closer study of the Bible are innumerable and varied. I considered how the dilemma of choosing between papal and clerical abuse to the monopoly over right interpretation, and between protestant Sola Scripura arising from the individual right to read the bible for oneself, appears a theoretical problem in Leviathan. Hobbes faces this problem confronts with the Bible to show how the Scripture affirms that the Sovereign should control both civil and ecclesiastical power and how one unified and scientific method of reading the Bible could potentially eliminate all religious conflict. In this way Hobbes can reply, as much as political libido dominandi of catholic Church to the religious enthusiasm of puritans. In the second part of the thesis I considered how, in his account of the Bible Hobbes adopts an hermeneutic principles that provide for the use of mere natural reason and strictly excluded Enthusiasm or supernatural inspiration. In the chapter XXXIII of Leviathan Hobbes explains that men should expect an agreement between the truth of reason and God's word and so Christians should not renounce to their senses or experiences nor does their natural reason because they are useful to understand better the word of God. Hobbes cannot deny that, in Scripture, there be many things above reason, but he parenterally affirms that there is nothing contrary to it. Hobbes develops in his biblical exegesis a strong critic against scholasticism. Hobbes's rejection to schoolman is based in fact on his conclusion that their way of philosophizing has contributed to the abuse of the scripture by constructing an abstract and confusing language which is contrary to natural reason and adepts can manipulate the citizens. In the third part I considered how this is true especially for his account on the Hebrew Bible, the first five book of the Bible, known also as Torah, or "the law". While tracing back the history of Jews, in his discussion on the Prophetic kingdom of God, Hobbes ascertains that civil and ecclesiastical powers have always been an exclusive privilege exercised by a one and single person, holder of the supreme authority to interpret the law and the word of God. According to Hobbes is the Mosaic covenant, described in the book of exodus, is the historical example of unified authority: political and religious. As Moses controlled both the civil and the ecclesiastical power so the sovereign is allowed to establish regulations for the conduct of civil life, and he has the power to judge the word of God and impose obligation in God's name, since is God that gives the authority to interpret divine commands to the people invested with sovereignty. In this sense the political exegesis of the Hebrew Bible is something crucial in Hobbes's argumentations.

Since Hebrew does not differentiate between intimate and distant pronouns of address, a strategy of deferential address consists in addressing someone by the third person: «indirect address» metaphorically increases distance between speaker and addressee. In a corpus of ancient Hebrew texts (Bible and epigraphy, from the 9th century BCE to the 2nd century CE) where thousands of occurrences of terms of address were analysed, one address out of four is indirect. The strategy is particularly common in highly formal situations where the addressee is higher in rank, such as petitions, military correspondence addressed to a superior, and addresses to a sovereign; for these situations, indirect address is the norm. Nevertheless it occurs in dialogues between peers, on the condition that the speaker feels in danger or the circumstances are unfavourable to him/her. The term mainly used in association with indirect address is a title; as for my lord and the king, the use of the third person is predominant, being almost the rule, and it happened to be rendered with the second person in ancient versions of the Bible. The second section of the paper deals with syntactic irregularities concurring with indirect address: a lack of person agreement appears in the sentence when the speaker refers to the addressee both by the third and the second person. Two examples are provided and analysed in order to illustrate how extra-linguistic variables can interfere, or not, with the structure of the sentence. The examination of this phenomenon, which is not rare in Biblical Hebrew, had such an outcome that should be of interest to general linguists as well: sociolinguistic and pragmatic factors compel the speaker to oscillate between the reference to the external reality and the inner reference to a fictive reality, the latter created through the language for a particular purpose.

Foreword by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO ; Incl. bibl. ; With the support of the Juventus Football Club