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The paper combines an economic-geography model of agglomeration and periphery with a model of species diversity and looks at optimal policies of biodiversity conservation. The subject of the paper is 'natural' biodiversity, which is inevitably impaired by anthropogenic impact. Thus, the economic and the ecological system compete for space and the question arises as to how this conflict should be resolved. The decisive parameters of the model are related to biological diversity (endemism vs. redundancy of species) and the patterns of economic geography (centrifugal and centripetal forces). As regards the choice of environmental-policy instruments, it is shown that Pigouvian taxes do not always establish the optimal allocation.
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In: Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 26.2013,5
"Accounting for Biodiversity explores the need for companies to actively protect, conserve and improve biodiversity within their sphere of operation. The 14 chapters written by a selected team of experts investigate the ways in which companies are embracing their responsibility through a variety of biodiversity initiatives and innovative models designed to improve the recording, reporting and valuing of biodiversity"--
In: Springer eBook Collection
When the 1998 International Prize for Biology was awarded for outstanding research in the biology of biodiversity, the honor went to Harvard University Professor Otto T. Solbrig, one of the authors of this volume. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the crisis and urgency of conservation in biodiversity, this book could not be more timely. Understanding of the biodiversity of plants, animals, and humans remains incomplete, but new multidisciplinary approaches - phylogenetic, ecological, molecular developmental, and genetic - have revealed essential underlying aspects of the science. These and other breakthroughs are presented in the papers collected here from scientists at the forefront of biodiversity research. While the focus of their work is on the evolutionary and ecological implications of biodiversity, basic concepts and data also are provided. The book is thus a valuable source both in research and in the utilization and conservation of biodiversity
Blog: Bennett Institute for Public Policy
Dr Matthew Agarwala, Bennett Institute for Public Policy, tells Channel 4 News that reversing the trend in biodiversity loss will be the defining economic challenge of our generation.
The post Biodiversity is in crisis appeared first on Bennett Institute for Public Policy.
In: Futuribles: l'anticipation au service de l'action ; revue bimestrielle, Heft 407
ISSN: 0183-701X, 0337-307X
In: Routledge introductions to environment series
Biodiversity provides essential services to human societies. Many of these services are provided as public goods, so that they will typically be underprovided both by market mechanisms (because of the impossibility of excluding non-payers from using the services) and by government-run systems (because of the free rider problem). I suggest here that in some cases the public goods provided by biodiversity conservation can be bundled with private goods and their value to consumers captured in the price realized by the private goods. This may lead to an efficient level of provision.
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In: Forthcoming, J Razzaque and E Morgera (eds), Encyclopedia of Environmental Law: Biodiversity and Nature Protection Law (Edward Elgar, 2017)
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"Sustainable management is a problem for countries that depend on natural resources. Forests contain most of the world's biodiversity and offer significant renewable resources with a potentially small ecological and carbon footprint. Yet the global demand for forest products has increased while the need to conserve biodiversity and endangered species has become more urgent and challenging
There has been major progress over the last two decades in digitising historical knowledge of biodiversity and in making biodiversity data freely and openly accessible. Interlocking efforts bring together international partnerships and networks, national, regional and institutional projects and investments and countless individual contributors, spanning diverse biological and environmental research domains, government agencies and non-governmental organisations, citizen science and commercial enterprise. However, current efforts remain inefficient and inadequate to address the global need for accurate data on the world's species and on changing patterns and trends in biodiversity. Significant challenges include imbalances in regional engagement in biodiversity informatics activity, uneven progress in data mobilisation and sharing, the lack of stable persistent identifiers for data records, redundant and incompatible processes for cleaning and interpreting data and the absence of functional mechanisms for knowledgeable experts to curate and improve data. The first Global Biodiversity Informatics Conference (GBIC) in 2012 delivered the Global Biodiversity Informatics Outlook (GBIO, Hobern et al. 2012), an architectural vision for the major components of a distributed global infrastructure for biodiiversity information, but realigning the work of existing organisations and projects to achieve this vision remains challenging. Recognising the need for greater alignment between efforts at all scales, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) convened the second Global Biodiversity Informatics Conference (GBIC2) in July 2018 to propose a coordination mechanism for developing shared roadmaps for biodiversity informatics. GBIC2 attendees reached consensus on the need for a global alliance for biodiversity knowledge, learning from examples such as the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) and the open software communities under the Apache Software Foundation. These initiatives provide models for ...
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International audience The 2010 Strategic Plan for Biodiveristy and its Aichi targets, adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, was largely endorsed as a general framework by the main conventions in the field of biodiversity and ecosystems governance. This paper discusses this example of diffusion by analysing the actors who facilitated it and by studying its potential legal effects. One of the main findings of this study is that the diffusion of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity was mainly facilitated by the Secretariats of the different multilateral environmental agreements, illustrating as such the important role of these relatively unknown actors of international environmental governance. Also, this study argues that, while the simple incorporation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and its targets in other conventions has weak legal effects, the cumulative diffusion associated with other decisions taken within the biodiversity regime can have very concrete legal consequences, whether it be on treaty interpretation or access to Global Environment Facility funding.
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There has been major progress over the last two decades in digitising historical knowledge of biodiversity and in making biodiversity data freely and openly accessible. Interlocking efforts bring together international partnerships and networks, national, regional and institutional projects and investments and countless individual contributors, spanning diverse biological and environmental research domains, government agencies and non-governmental organisations, citizen science and commercial enterprise. However, current efforts remain inefficient and inadequate to address the global need for accurate data on the world's species and on changing patterns and trends in biodiversity. Significant challenges include imbalances in regional engagement in biodiversity informatics activity, uneven progress in data mobilisation and sharing, the lack of stable persistent identifiers for data records, redundant and incompatible processes for cleaning and interpreting data and the absence of functional mechanisms for knowledgeable experts to curate and improve data. The first Global Biodiversity Informatics Conference (GBIC) in 2012 delivered the Global Biodiversity Informatics Outlook (GBIO, Hobern et al. 2012), an architectural vision for the major components of a distributed global infrastructure for biodiiversity information, but realigning the work of existing organisations and projects to achieve this vision remains challenging. Recognising the need for greater alignment between efforts at all scales, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) convened the second Global Biodiversity Informatics Conference (GBIC2) in July 2018 to propose a coordination mechanism for developing shared roadmaps for biodiversity informatics. GBIC2 attendees reached consensus on the need for a global alliance for biodiversity knowledge, learning from examples such as the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) and the open software communities under the Apache Software Foundation. These initiatives provide models for multiple stakeholders with decentralised funding and independent governance to combine resources and develop sustainable solutions that address common needs. GBIF was asked to coordinate next steps following GBIC2, including publication of a paper, Connecting data and expertise: a new alliance for biodiversity knowledge (Hobern et al. 2019). The supplementary materials for the paper include PDF brochures explaining the concept in eleven languages. During 2019, GBIF is coordinating further consultations to establish an optimal model for the governance and operations of the alliance and to advance collaboration around some of the major building blocks of the GBIO. Collaboration at this scale, and across all aspects of biodiversity information, is essential for effective delivery of important information products such as the Essential Biodiversity Variables and the planned pan-European natural history collections infrastructure, DiSSCo. This presentation explains the goals for this alliance and updates on progress during 2019 in operationalising the concept.
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