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«A multiplicity of languages and cultures has entered the Italian school environment»: that is what is written in the introduction of the Indicazioni Nazionali per il curricolo della scuola dell'infanzia e del primo ciclo di istruzione (MIUR, 2012, p. 8). The ministerial document, which forms the framework for school curricula, describes the de facto multilingual situation which can be observed in all kinds of educational environments and in communities. In infancy educational services and in schools, the presence of girls and boys who practice another language at home has long been widespread and on the increase. After describing the pluralistic linguistic repertoires featured in schools, the essay presents some evidence collected in two kindergartens in Milan, as part of a training course. Teachers were invited to use a map of intra-family communication during interviews with foreign parents, in order to outline the children's language biographies, and to know the strategies and choices of the family. In the second part, the focus will be on some autobiographical fragments taken from literary texts in which the authors highlight the stages and steps they have gone through in their history of native bilinguals. Finally, a review of the legislation dealing with the themes of mother tongues, multilingualism and linguistic diversity in childcare and schools is presented. ; «Una molteplicità di lingue e culture è entrata nella scuola italiana. L' intercultura è già oggi il modello che permette a tutti i bambini e ragazzi il riconoscimento reciproco dell'identità di ciascuno»: così si legge nella parte introduttiva delle Indicazioni Nazionali per il curricolo della scuola dell'infanzia e del primo ciclo di istruzione (MIUR, 2012, p. 8). Il documento ministeriale, che fa da cornice ai programmi scolastici, descrive la situazione multilinguistica di fatto che si osserva nei luoghi educativi per tutti e nelle comunità. Nei servizi educativi per l'infanzia e nelle scuole, la presenza di bambine e bambini che a casa ...

In the world of sport, and in particular in that of football, biographies, a literary genre that is usually associated with the stories of political and historical figures rather than the lives of great sports champions, have become more and more important for a few years,. This article analyses the official biographies of four football legends, authentic planetary icons, such as that of George Best, Johann Cruyff, Diego Armando Maradona and Francesco Totti. Through the comparison of some common episodes (the first kicks, the debut in professionalism, the transition from a "simple" player to a global phenomenon) we tried to understand, from the analysis of the individual biographies, if it is possible to trace a "narrative scheme" that can meet the expectations of the readers and strengthen their relationship of identification with their idol. ; Nel mondo dello sport, ed in particolare in quello del calcio, da alcuni anni hanno acquisito sempre più importanza le biografie, genere letterario che solitamente viene invece associato alle storie di personaggi politici e storici piuttosto che alle vite di grandi campioni sportivi. In questo articolo vengono analizzate le biografie ufficiali di quattro leggende del calcio, autentiche icone planetarie, quali quella di George Best, Johann Cruyff, Diego Armando Maradona e Francesco Totti. Attraverso la comparazione di alcuni episodi comuni (i primi calci, l'esordio nel professionismo, il passaggio da "semplice" calciatore a fenomeno globale) si è cercato di comprendere se dall'analisi delle singole biografie è possibile rintracciare uno "schema narrativo" che cerca di soddisfare le aspettative del lettore e ne rafforzi il rapporto di identificazione con il proprio idolo.

Nell'ambito di un'indagine sull'identità del rivoluzionario nel XIX secolo, calata tra gli attivisti coinvolti nella Comune di Parigi, si è trattato di selezionare quelle autobiografie scritte e pubblicate da comunardi come parte integrante della loro attività politica, e così porre il problema del rapporto tra pratica autobiografica e rivoluzione, ovvero chiarire le condizioni del passage au récit, la scelta autobiografica e insieme la mise en intrigue tra esperienze individuali e rivoluzione. Questa ricerca si presenta dunque come un lavoro sulle pratiche autobiografiche all'interno delle pratiche di attivismo politico, ovvero più specificamente sulla relazione tra autobiografia e rivoluzione. In altri termini si analizza il modo in cui i rivoluzionari narravano la loro identità in pubblico, perché lo avessero fatto e cosa veicolavo in termini di stili di vita e convinzioni particolari. In quanto rivoluzionari, l'autobiografia diviene fonte e parte di ciò che essi reputavano in quel momento la propria traiettoria rivoluzionaria, la narrazione di quella che in quel momento ritenevano comunicare al pubblico come propria identità narrativa. La ricerca si articola in tre momenti. Nel primo capitolo analizzo le biografie, o meglio un piccolo gruppo tra la massa di biografie di comunardi edite all'indomani della Comune da parte della pubblicistica tanto ostile quanto partigiana della Comune. Queste narrazioni biografiche diffuse nei mesi successivi alla repressione della rivoluzione comunalista consentono di affrontare una delle condizioni fondamentali del passage au récit autobiografico che si manifesterà solo posteriormente. Il secondo e il terzo capitolo sono dedicati a due progetti autobiografici di diversa natura: la trilogia autobiografica di Jules Vallès (1879, 1881, 1886) e le Mémoires di Louise Michel (1886). ; As part of an investigation of revolutionary identity in the XIX century, declined on the activists involved in the Paris Commune, it was to select those life-stories written and published by the Communards as part of their political activity, and thus to pose the problem of the relationship between autobiographical practice and revolution, clarify the conditions of passage au récit, the autobiographical choice and the mise en intrigue of the individual experiences and revolution. This research thus provides an inquiry of the autobiographical practices within the practices of political activism, or more specifically on the relationship between autobiographical narratives and revolution. I analyse the way in which the revolutionaries told their identity in public, the reasons why they had done and what they spreaded in terms of lifestyles and beliefs. As revolutionaries, the autobiography becomes a source and a part of what they considered their revolutionary path, the narrative of what at that time they believed to communicate to the public as their own narrative identity. The research is divided into three parts. In the first chapter I analyse the biographies, or rather a small group among the mass of published biographies of Communards after the Commune. These biographical narratives help address one of the fundamental conditions for the passage au récit which will be appeared only later. The second and third chapters are dedicated to two autobiographical practices of different nature: the autobiographical trilogy of Jules Vallès (1879, 1881, 1886) and Memoirs of Louise Michel (1886).

Entrepreneur, urban planner, politician, editor, the Italian intellectual Adriano Olivetti (1901-1960) proposed a novel reading view of modernity and demonstrated that an alternative way, one that was complex and disinterested in the common good, was possible. Relying on previously unexploited research drawn from Olivetti's library and various archives, this intellectual biography reconstructs the life of Adriano Olivetti looking through the lens of the specifics of his territory and his family, the scientific management, urban planning, anti-fascism, entrepreneurial activity and politics, thereby providing a global and historically-based interpretation of the man and his thought. Adriano Olivetti was born in Ivrea, in the Canavese. Situated between Aosta and Turin, this small rural town had little industry when, in the early twentieth century, his father Camillo Olivetti founded a typewriters' factory. Camillo was a socialist of Jewish origin, whose wife was Waldensian, and his son was educated in religious freedom and would become a Catholic. As an engineering student, Adriano Olivetti supported the principles of autonomy and of federalist socialism, before focusing on scientific management which he had observed in the USA. In the early '30s he became the director of the company, where he inaugurated the scientific management of mass production. He subsequently noticed that the modernization of industry, conceived as the only means to generalize the well-being, generated serious social and urban problems. As a result, as the company grew larger and conquered foreign markets, he coordinated an urban plan of the Val d'Aosta. An antifascist, he contributed to the fall of Mussolini by working with the Allies. While exiled in Switzerland, he developed a plan for the reform of Italian institutions which would set the territories at the center of politics, the "Communities" that would allow the citizens to participate more directly in the management of politics, economics, urban and social development. When in 1945 ...

Entrepreneur, urban planner, politician, editor, the Italian intellectual Adriano Olivetti (1901-1960) proposed a novel reading view of modernity and demonstrated that an alternative way, one that was complex and disinterested in the common good, was possible. Relying on previously unexploited research drawn from Olivetti's library and various archives, this intellectual biography reconstructs the life of Adriano Olivetti looking through the lens of the specifics of his territory and his family, the scientific management, urban planning, anti-fascism, entrepreneurial activity and politics, thereby providing a global and historically-based interpretation of the man and his thought. Adriano Olivetti was born in Ivrea, in the Canavese. Situated between Aosta and Turin, this small rural town had little industry when, in the early twentieth century, his father Camillo Olivetti founded a typewriters' factory. Camillo was a socialist of Jewish origin, whose wife was Waldensian, and his son was educated in religious freedom and would become a Catholic. As an engineering student, Adriano Olivetti supported the principles of autonomy and of federalist socialism, before focusing on scientific management which he had observed in the USA. In the early '30s he became the director of the company, where he inaugurated the scientific management of mass production. He subsequently noticed that the modernization of industry, conceived as the only means to generalize the well-being, generated serious social and urban problems. As a result, as the company grew larger and conquered foreign markets, he coordinated an urban plan of the Val d'Aosta. An antifascist, he contributed to the fall of Mussolini by working with the Allies. While exiled in Switzerland, he developed a plan for the reform of Italian institutions which would set the territories at the center of politics, the "Communities" that would allow the citizens to participate more directly in the management of politics, economics, urban and social development. When in 1945 ...

Entrepreneur, urban planner, politician, editor, the Italian intellectual Adriano Olivetti (1901-1960) proposed a novel reading view of modernity and demonstrated that an alternative way, one that was complex and disinterested in the common good, was possible. Relying on previously unexploited research drawn from Olivetti's library and various archives, this intellectual biography reconstructs the life of Adriano Olivetti looking through the lens of the specifics of his territory and his family, the scientific management, urban planning, anti-fascism, entrepreneurial activity and politics, thereby providing a global and historically-based interpretation of the man and his thought. Adriano Olivetti was born in Ivrea, in the Canavese. Situated between Aosta and Turin, this small rural town had little industry when, in the early twentieth century, his father Camillo Olivetti founded a typewriters' factory. Camillo was a socialist of Jewish origin, whose wife was Waldensian, and his son was educated in religious freedom and would become a Catholic. As an engineering student, Adriano Olivetti supported the principles of autonomy and of federalist socialism, before focusing on scientific management which he had observed in the USA. In the early '30s he became the director of the company, where he inaugurated the scientific management of mass production. He subsequently noticed that the modernization of industry, conceived as the only means to generalize the well-being, generated serious social and urban problems. As a result, as the company grew larger and conquered foreign markets, he coordinated an urban plan of the Val d'Aosta. An antifascist, he contributed to the fall of Mussolini by working with the Allies. While exiled in Switzerland, he developed a plan for the reform of Italian institutions which would set the territories at the center of politics, the "Communities" that would allow the citizens to participate more directly in the management of politics, economics, urban and social development. When in 1945 ...

On the tenth anniversary of the death of Albertini, the School of Political Science of the U of Pavia has chosen to remember his many years as a professor of contemporary history, state doctrine, & political philosophy with an address by Professor Giulio Guderzo on the release of the first two volumes of Albertini's writings, Tutti gli scritti, edited by Nicoletta Mosconi & published by Mulino di Bologna under the auspices of the Center for Federalist Studies & the Luciano Bolis European Foundation. S. Stanton

Guderzo expresses his pleasure at being invited to participate in the presentation of the first two volumes of Tutti gli scritti ([All the Writings] Moscono, Nicoletta [Ed]) of Mario Albertini. The first volume includes his work of 1946-1955, & the second of 1956-1957, offering an extraordinarily rich documentation of his views of Italian politics & government during those years. Editor Moscono had to select what to include from the enormous volume of materials available in the private & public archives of Albertini's work, a task in which she was aided by her colleague Giovanni Vigo. The organization of the content of the two volumes is described. Guderzo concludes by thanking Albertini for all he has given him. S. Stanton

In this years, historical witnesses of the Resistenza movement are dissolving. In this context where historical knowledge is facing with a growing crisis, how can we stimulate young generation's interest twoards the Resistance movement? The paper tries to answer to this request. Particularly, we are going to propose two hypothesis for didactical work. Firslty, deepening studies about the men and the women who faced with unexpectable choices; secondly, the analysis of places known by students but not appreciated in their historical meaning. In this way, we can approach people to history.

A celebrated orator, historian, philosopher, and statesman, Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) was one of the most remarkable figures of the Italian Renaissance. As contemporaries noted, his intellectual versatility--including an interest in architecture--linked him to Leon Battista Alberti, the renowned "universal man" of the Renaissance. Like Alberti, Manetti wrote in both Latin and Italian, and made new translations of canonical texts such as Aristotle, thus replacing the faulty medieval renderings that were the mainstay of Scholastic thought. A pious Christian, he translated the New Testament from Greek into Latin, thus challenging the centuries-old Vulgate; and he was the first scholar since Jerome to translate the Psalms from the original Hebrew. To forestall possible critics, he penned a treatise expounding his philological methods in translating scripture. Delivered over the course of nearly twenty years, his addresses to magistrates, commanders, princes, and popes furnish a vivid picture of Quattrocento politics and diplomacy. This authoritative biography, the first in any modern language, both describes chronologically the events of his extraordinary career, and analyzes his numerous and wide-ranging writings, which confirm Manetti's status as an exemplar of the spirit of the Italian Renaissance.--