Formulation of the problem: Kyiv Commercial Institute, founded at the beginning of the 20th century, is a valuable object of historical research. After all, it was the first higher education institution of economic profile in Ukraine in which there were no entry restrictions along ethnic, gender and even confessional indication, and which carried out a particular democratic policy regarding the student body. Accordingly, broader reconstructions and generalizations can be made, in particular, about the society of Ukraine of that time by exploring this institution. This is facilitated by the good preservation and significant volume of Kyiv Commercial Institute's archive. However, in practice, this archive remains unknown to modern scholars. Characteristic of the main theme: the attempt of creation of the Hellenic (Greek) community at Kyiv Commercial Institute, as well as the circumstances of the student period in the life of his pupils-Greeks is being investigated. The relevance of the study is due to reliance on archival documents, which are introduced for the first time to the scientific circulation and also allow us to show different aspects of the public everyday life at that time. Such generalizations are explained by the «no-significance» of the studied persons, since such personalities reflect a general background of society, even with a small number of such objects of study. Scientific novelty of the study — the introduction of previously unexplored archival materials to the scientific circulation pertaining to students-Greeks of Kyiv Commercial Institute and the attempts to establish their own national organization in this institution. Purpose: To analyze discovered archival materials in order to reconstruct the components of student period of the Greeks life, who studied at Kyiv Commercial Institute. The obtained results are to be checked to their conformity with available experience in historical science on the life of student body and the Greek community of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. ...
Formulation of the problem: Kyiv Commercial Institute, founded at the beginning of the 20th century, is a valuable object of historical research. After all, it was the first higher education institution of economic profile in Ukraine in which there were no entry restrictions along ethnic, gender and even confessional indication, and which carried out a particular democratic policy regarding the student body. Accordingly, broader reconstructions and generalizations can be made, in particular, about the society of Ukraine of that time by exploring this institution. This is facilitated by the good preservation and significant volume of Kyiv Commercial Institute's archive. However, in practice, this archive remains unknown to modern scholars. Characteristic of the main theme: the attempt of creation of the Hellenic (Greek) community at Kyiv Commercial Institute, as well as the circumstances of the student period in the life of his pupils-Greeks is being investigated. The relevance of the study is due to reliance on archival documents, which are introduced for the first time to the scientific circulation and also allow us to show different aspects of the public everyday life at that time. Such generalizations are explained by the «no-significance» of the studied persons, since such personalities reflect a general background of society, even with a small number of such objects of study. Scientific novelty of the study — the introduction of previously unexplored archival materials to the scientific circulation pertaining to students-Greeks of Kyiv Commercial Institute and the attempts to establish their own national organization in this institution. Purpose: To analyze discovered archival materials in order to reconstruct the components of student period of the Greeks life, who studied at Kyiv Commercial Institute. The obtained results are to be checked to their conformity with available experience in historical science on the life of student body and the Greek community of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. The main methods: scientificity, objectivity, comparison, synthesis, induction and other general scientific and special historical methods. Conclusions: the Hellenic (Greek) community was unable to function due to the small number of students-Greeks at the commercial institute. However, the draft of its statute and the very fact of attempts to create it showed a high level of consolidation and national consciousness of Greek youth. Instead, they demonstrated at least an indifference to the Russian Empire, which was especially evident in their unwillingness to perform military service of armed forces, and during the First World War to fight for this empire. This trait characterized the majority of the student body of that time and was constantly increasing, which could be explained by the poor financial situation of the student body and by the unwillingness of the authorities to address their actual needs. So, students-Greeks quite fit into the life of most studentship of that time. Also in accordance to available research on the history of the Greek diaspora there is a conclusion that the vast majority of them are from the Sea of Azov and partly about the prominent role of the Church in their lives. Therefore, the revealed facts do not violate the existing developments of domestic historical science in the field of studentship studies and the Greek community in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. However, they complement it with new interesting facts that allow us to deepen these studies and to speak about the necessity to continue. In doing so, the need of creating a general research on the topic of studentship place and role in political life of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century is being violated. Keywords: the history of Ukraine at the beginning of the XX century, Greek diaspora, national minorities, personalities, student organizations. ; Дослідження побудоване в рамках вивчення студентства Київського комерційного інституту, оскілки його архів становить цінне джерело вивчення українського суспільства початку XX ст. Це обумовлено особливим демократизмом цього вишу в політиці щодо викладацьких кадрів і студентства, зокрема першістю в доступі до вищої освіти представників одразу обох статей, фактичній нівеляції станових та етно-конфесійних обмежень для абітурієнтів тощо. Як результат — його студентство являло концентрований зріз цілого суспільства українських земель, що перебували в складі Російської імперії. У цій розвідці досліджуються документи з архіву Київського комерційного інституту, що пов'язані з навчанням у ньому греків та справою заснування ними Еллінського (грецького) земляцтва. Ключові слова: історія України початку XX ст., грецька діаспора, національні меншини, персоналістика, студентські організації.
The main tendencies of the development of biography in Poland at the beginning of the 21st cent. are determined. The research basis is the publication of the scientific journal «Polish Biographical Studies», published in Szczecin since 2015 at the Center for Biographical Studies. The main problems raised by Polish researchers concern the biographies of Polish communists, the military, the multidisciplinary nature of biography, and the division of human science into periods. Articles contained in the publication are divided into groups by topic. Political, intellectual, collective, female and separately Jewish biographies are distinguished. Publications of biographical documents were also noted. It has been found that Polish biographers are most interested in the period of the first two thirds of the twentieth century. In particular, biographies of thinkers of the Second Rzeczpospolita, educators and statesmen. The discourse on fighting in the anti-German and anti-Soviet underground is notable. The participation in church and student organizations, as well as acquaintance with figures like Y. Pilsudski or R. Dmowski are very common in political biographies. Jewish biography is no exception — most of the people mentioned as heroes of the uprising and underground movements in the ghetto, so even though they went to Palestine, they remain «Polish» in biographical discourse. Also in «Polish Biographical Studies», most biographies are also tend to be political and they "supersede" biographies of engineers, athletes or artists. Comparing the Polish biographical publication with the «Ukrainian Biography» in 2013–2017, Ukrainians published almost twice as many theoretical works and biographies of scientists. With less difference, but also more political and collective biographies and the same number of source articles. At the same time, there are more female biographies in Polish edition, as well as biographies of Jews, while none in Ukrainian. This explains that biographies of Polish Jews are perceived by Polish ...
The main tendencies of the development of biography in Poland at the beginning of the 21st cent. are determined. The research basis is the publication of the scientific journal «Polish Biographical Studies», published in Szczecin since 2015 at the Center for Biographical Studies. The main problems raised by Polish researchers concern the biographies of Polish communists, the military, the multidisciplinary nature of biography, and the division of human science into periods. Articles contained in the publication are divided into groups by topic. Political, intellectual, collective, female and separately Jewish biographies are distinguished. Publications of biographical documents were also noted. It has been found that Polish biographers are most interested in the period of the first two thirds of the twentieth century. In particular, biographies of thinkers of the Second Rzeczpospolita, educators and statesmen. The discourse on fighting in the anti-German and anti-Soviet underground is notable. The participation in church and student organizations, as well as acquaintance with figures like Y. Pilsudski or R. Dmowski are very common in political biographies. Jewish biography is no exception — most of the people mentioned as heroes of the uprising and underground movements in the ghetto, so even though they went to Palestine, they remain «Polish» in biographical discourse. Also in «Polish Biographical Studies», most biographies are also tend to be political and they "supersede" biographies of engineers, athletes or artists. Comparing the Polish biographical publication with the «Ukrainian Biography» in 2013–2017, Ukrainians published almost twice as many theoretical works and biographies of scientists. With less difference, but also more political and collective biographies and the same number of source articles. At the same time, there are more female biographies in Polish edition, as well as biographies of Jews, while none in Ukrainian. This explains that biographies of Polish Jews are perceived by Polish scholars as the property of Polish society, when such an identification is almost non-existent in Ukraine. Keywords: biography, scientists, political figures, Polish humanities, Polish Biographical Studies, Ukrainian biography 21st cent. ; Визначено основні тенденції розвитку біографічних досліджень у Польщі на початку ХХІ ст. За основу взято публікації наукового журналу «Polish Biographical Studies», що виходить у Щецині з 2015 р. при Центрі біографічних досліджень. Серед проблем, які порушують польські науковці, найпомітнішими є біографії комуністичних функціонерів, військових та науковців різних галузей. Окрім того, дослідження стосуються постколоніального наративу в біографічних текстах і гендерних питань. Ключові слова: біографістика, науковці, політичні діячі, польська гуманітаристика, «Polish Biographical Studies», ХХІ ст.
The purpose of this work is to study the formation screenplay case for Odessa Film Studio. The development of this niche silent cinema was very important and at this stage we are witnessing the first steps for the writers, the new case for them.The conditions, which carried out the approval and development of the screenwriting business. The first half of 1920 there was no clear line between directors, writers, actors, all these roles could take one person, but from that time we can see the form the separate cohort of artists – writers. Pioneers of Ukrainian film industry had overcome difficulties. Regular production of films was not established from the start. There has never been factories for the production crew, projection and lighting equipment, film crew bought abroad. Insufficient technical equipment of studios initially limited the possibilities of enthusiasts who tried to organize a clear, rhythmic, planned and cost-effective production. In Odessa film studio career working talented writers who laid the foundation stones for future small cinema. It is learned, made the first attempt, perhaps they do not always work, not always their vision of cinema scenario to meet the requirements of the then government. The government, which gave them the opportunity to develop first, work on it, and then she herself destroyed. The so-called sacrifice in Ukraine is too ambitious to forget it, and now, due to the discovery of new facts repression, opening archives are seen in a new, space and no less tragic. Without a doubt, the rulers limitation of any seeds of nationalism. That since our cinema luminaries Odessa, Ukraine needs a home and its movies, thanks to screenwriters who worked in Odessa we can enjoy a movie at the time and wonderful and correct statement of movies today. In the following case scenario and director interwoven in their biographies, but in this work we were doing aspect is to contribute celebrities in screenwriting business. ; Цель данной работы заключается в исследовании становления сценарного ...
Мета даної роботи полягає в дослідженні становлення сценарної справи на Одеській кіностудії. Розвиток цієї ніші німого кінематографу був дуже важливим і на даному етапі ми спостерігаємо за першими кроками сценаристів у новій для них справі. Проаналізовано умови, в яких здійснювалось затвердження та розвиток сценарної справи. До першої половини 1920-х рр. ще не було чіткої грані між режисерами, сценаристами та акторами. Усі ці всі посади могла займати одна людина, але саме з цього часу ми можемо спостерігати за виокремленням окремої когорти митців – сценаристів. У подальшому сценарна і режисерська справа перепліталась у їхніх біографіях, але в даній роботі ми зробили аспект саме на внеску відомих особистостей у сценарну справу. Розглянуто особливості та фактори переходу Одеської кіностудії до системи ВУФКУ, що сприяло появі нових режисерів, операторів, художників, сценаристів. Зазначено, що на Одеській кіностудії працювали талановиті сценаристи, які закладали маленькими камінчиками фундамент майбутньої кінематографії. Саме починаючи з одеських корифеїв кінематографу в Україні створювалось своє кіно. Незважаючи на культурні репресії з боку влади, яка спочатку давала можливості для розвитку, а потім знищувала митців і їх творіння, саме завдяки сценаристам які працювали в Одесі ми можемо насолоджуватися як фільмами того часу так і чудовою та правильною постановкою фільмів сьогодні. ; The purpose of this work is to study the formation screenplay case for Odessa Film Studio. The development of this niche silent cinema was very important and at this stage we are witnessing the first steps for the writers, the new case for them.The conditions, which carried out the approval and development of the screenwriting business. The first half of 1920 there was no clear line between directors, writers, actors, all these roles could take one person, but from that time we can see the form the separate cohort of artists – writers. Pioneers of Ukrainian film industry had overcome difficulties. Regular production of films was not established from the start. There has never been factories for the production crew, projection and lighting equipment, film crew bought abroad. Insufficient technical equipment of studios initially limited the possibilities of enthusiasts who tried to organize a clear, rhythmic, planned and cost-effective production. In Odessa film studio career working talented writers who laid the foundation stones for future small cinema. It is learned, made the first attempt, perhaps they do not always work, not always their vision of cinema scenario to meet the requirements of the then government. The government, which gave them the opportunity to develop first, work on it, and then she herself destroyed. The so-called sacrifice in Ukraine is too ambitious to forget it, and now, due to the discovery of new facts repression, opening archives are seen in a new, space and no less tragic. Without a doubt, the rulers limitation of any seeds of nationalism. That since our cinema luminaries Odessa, Ukraine needs a home and its movies, thanks to screenwriters who worked in Odessa we can enjoy a movie at the time and wonderful and correct statement of movies today. In the following case scenario and director interwoven in their biographies, but in this work we were doing aspect is to contribute celebrities in screenwriting business. ; Цель данной работы заключается в исследовании становления сценарного дела на Одесской киностудии. Развитие этой ниши немого кинематографа было очень важным, на данном этапе мы наблюдаем за первыми шагами сценаристов в освоении нового дела. Проанализированы условия, в которых осуществлялось утверждение и развитие сценарного дела. До первой половины 1920-х годов еще не было четкой грани между режиссерами, сценаристами и актерами. Все эти должности мог занимать один человек, но именно с этого времени мы можем наблюдать за выделением отдельной когорты деятелей – сценаристов. Пионеры украинского кинопроизводства преодолевали немало трудностей. Регулярный выпуск фильмов не был налажен с начала. Еще не было заводов по производству съемочной, проекционной и осветительной аппаратуры, съемочную пленку покупали за рубежом. Недостаточное техническое оснащение студий на первых порах ограничивало возможности тех энтузиастов, которые пытались организовать четкое, ритмичное, плановое и рентабельное производство. В Одесской киностудии работали талантливые сценаристы, которые закладывали маленькими камешками фундамент будущей кинематографии. Именно начиная с одесских корифеев кинематографа, Украина имеет свое кино, именно благодаря сценаристам которые работали в Одессе мы можем наслаждаться как фильмами того времени так и замечательной и правильной постановкой фильмов сегодня. В дальнейшем сценарное и режиссерское дело переплеталось в их биографиях сценаристов, но в данной работе мы сделали аспект именно на ту лепту, которую известные личности внесли в сценарное дело.
Мета даної роботи полягає в дослідженні становлення сценарної справи на Одеській кіностудії. Розвиток цієї ніші німого кінематографу був дуже важливим і на даному етапі ми спостерігаємо за першими кроками сценаристів у новій для них справі. Проаналізовано умови, в яких здійснювалось затвердження та розвиток сценарної справи. До першої половини 1920-х рр. ще не було чіткої грані між режисерами, сценаристами та акторами. Усі ці всі посади могла займати одна людина, але саме з цього часу ми можемо спостерігати за виокремленням окремої когорти митців – сценаристів. У подальшому сценарна і режисерська справа перепліталась у їхніх біографіях, але в даній роботі ми зробили аспект саме на внеску відомих особистостей у сценарну справу. Розглянуто особливості та фактори переходу Одеської кіностудії до системи ВУФКУ, що сприяло появі нових режисерів, операторів, художників, сценаристів. Зазначено, що на Одеській кіностудії працювали талановиті сценаристи, які закладали маленькими камінчиками фундамент майбутньої кінематографії. Саме починаючи з одеських корифеїв кінематографу в Україні створювалось своє кіно. Незважаючи на культурні репресії з боку влади, яка спочатку давала можливості для розвитку, а потім знищувала митців і їх творіння, саме завдяки сценаристам які працювали в Одесі ми можемо насолоджуватися як фільмами того часу так і чудовою та правильною постановкою фільмів сьогодні. ; The purpose of this work is to study the formation screenplay case for Odessa Film Studio. The development of this niche silent cinema was very important and at this stage we are witnessing the first steps for the writers, the new case for them.The conditions, which carried out the approval and development of the screenwriting business. The first half of 1920 there was no clear line between directors, writers, actors, all these roles could take one person, but from that time we can see the form the separate cohort of artists – writers. Pioneers of Ukrainian film industry had overcome difficulties. Regular production of films was not established from the start. There has never been factories for the production crew, projection and lighting equipment, film crew bought abroad. Insufficient technical equipment of studios initially limited the possibilities of enthusiasts who tried to organize a clear, rhythmic, planned and cost-effective production. In Odessa film studio career working talented writers who laid the foundation stones for future small cinema. It is learned, made the first attempt, perhaps they do not always work, not always their vision of cinema scenario to meet the requirements of the then government. The government, which gave them the opportunity to develop first, work on it, and then she herself destroyed. The so-called sacrifice in Ukraine is too ambitious to forget it, and now, due to the discovery of new facts repression, opening archives are seen in a new, space and no less tragic. Without a doubt, the rulers limitation of any seeds of nationalism. That since our cinema luminaries Odessa, Ukraine needs a home and its movies, thanks to screenwriters who worked in Odessa we can enjoy a movie at the time and wonderful and correct statement of movies today. In the following case scenario and director interwoven in their biographies, but in this work we were doing aspect is to contribute celebrities in screenwriting business. ; Цель данной работы заключается в исследовании становления сценарного дела на Одесской киностудии. Развитие этой ниши немого кинематографа было очень важным, на данном этапе мы наблюдаем за первыми шагами сценаристов в освоении нового дела. Проанализированы условия, в которых осуществлялось утверждение и развитие сценарного дела. До первой половины 1920-х годов еще не было четкой грани между режиссерами, сценаристами и актерами. Все эти должности мог занимать один человек, но именно с этого времени мы можем наблюдать за выделением отдельной когорты деятелей – сценаристов. Пионеры украинского кинопроизводства преодолевали немало трудностей. Регулярный выпуск фильмов не был налажен с начала. Еще не было заводов по производству съемочной, проекционной и осветительной аппаратуры, съемочную пленку покупали за рубежом. Недостаточное техническое оснащение студий на первых порах ограничивало возможности тех энтузиастов, которые пытались организовать четкое, ритмичное, плановое и рентабельное производство. В Одесской киностудии работали талантливые сценаристы, которые закладывали маленькими камешками фундамент будущей кинематографии. Именно начиная с одесских корифеев кинематографа, Украина имеет свое кино, именно благодаря сценаристам которые работали в Одессе мы можем наслаждаться как фильмами того времени так и замечательной и правильной постановкой фильмов сегодня. В дальнейшем сценарное и режиссерское дело переплеталось в их биографиях сценаристов, но в данной работе мы сделали аспект именно на ту лепту, которую известные личности внесли в сценарное дело.
The article presents to science a few important documents of the 17–18th centuries, which are part of the collection of the Institute of Manuscript of V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, including the documents of hetmans, Kyiv metropolitants, and hegumens. They cover the history of prominent Kyiv orthodox monasteries, especially Saint Michael's Vydubychi Monastery, Saint Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery and Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The manuscripts shed light not only on the ecclesiastical history (monasteries' lawsuits, personnel' transfers, biographies of prominent ecclesiastical and cultural figures). They also contain the data on the history of certain domains of Vydubychi Monastery (village Lisnyky near Kyiv), Kyiv historical toponymy, certain aspects of everyday life etc. In addition, the author presents a document containing the description of the domains of Vilnius Monastery of the Holy Spirit
