Suchergebnisse

Outlines the decisions of European foreign affairs ministers following the 11 Sept terrorist attack in the US. Among resolutions adopted were the condemnation of the attacks; an agreement to support a coalition against terrorism; petitioning Israel to withdraw from occupied zone A; fiscal measures to boost & encourage cooperation in the European-Mediterranean economy; & programs to address social, cultural, & human problems in the region. J. Sadler

This article looks at the political economy of structural reforms & growth in the European Union. As the EU's; economy approaches the world technology frontier, structural reforms that increase competition in intermediate goods sectors are necessary to boost innovation & productivity growth -- the main objective of the Lisbon Agenda. Such reforms, however, raise the opposition of incumbents and, therefore, are politically difficult to implement. When there are important policy spillover effects, national governments are more easily captured by vested interests, as they fail to internalize the benefits of reforms on the rest of the Union. This suggests that the weak political governance of the Lisbon Agenda, which is centered on the peer pressure of national governments, & the ensuing inability to complete the single market in non-manufacturing sectors, explains the Lisbon failure. Adapted from the source document.

This paper has the objective to give a general vision of the new conditions of the women's public and political action in the I century b.C. At those times the frequent civil wars took far apart many men from institutional life and allowed matronae to act in politics. When do women act in politics and which is the typology of their actions? Do women act in private background, that now has become even politics'context, or do they act in public background? Through which instruments, and overall through which languages, do matronae act their strategies? Which role do they act, between the need of conforming and the boost for development, the male models of political action and previous female experiences in public life? This paper evidences specific cases of matronal interferences in political life, which offers advices about who this phenomenon in this chronological context has became so common and popular.

The free port has played a primary role in the Modern Age Mediterranean economic policy. In order to give a boost to the local economy, favourable regulations to the arrival and rapid integration of foreigners within the pre-existing socio-economic environment were established. In the Mediterranean ports – namely Genoa, Leghorn, Marseille, Trieste and Fiume, Messina, Nice, etc. – a great number of ship owners, vendors, simple traders or salesmen, together with their relatives, house helpers and employees used therefore to arrive. They moved there whilst maintaining tight relations with their motherlands. The local élites, scared of losing their power, opposed these ventures. It is possible to pinpoint and single out a few common elements in the regulation of these ports, which appealed to the contemporaries, and thanks to which social, cultural, linguistic and political barriers were being shattered. What stands out from this analysis is an image of a dynamic and open-minded Mediterranean and Europe.

The economic, political and social crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can be interpreted as the authentic experimentum crucis of the always uncertain process of European integration, characterized by the — widely used but certain — Gramscian formula of the interregnum, where the old is dying and the new cannot be born. In this sense, current circumstances could boost a series of unprecedented trends, not even explored during the Euro Crisis of 2010-2012. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibilities emerging in the European context, starting from the political movements in recent months, with particular attention to the position of the Mediterranean countries, especially of Spain. To do this, and with the intention of avoiding mere empiricism, we first offer a general theoretical framework of the economic and political constitution of the EU, placing the focus on the ordoliberal matrix that inspires its macroeconomic policy and its effects, as well the institutional fragility that characterizes its political structure. We also intend to analyze the ideological-discursive element that operates as a framework of legitimacy in the implementation of community policies in the European area. From this double perspective it will then be possible to analyze how the EU response to the current crisis has worked as a catalyst for certain trends already present in the European scenario or as a creator of new patterns in its governance. European Union; Eurocrisis; European Integration; European Constitution; Spanish Politics; COVID19.

Il saggio individua le maggiori questioni problematiche sottese al rapporto fra controllo di legittimità costituzionale e attività del legislatore nella specifica materia penale. In particolare, l'A., dopo aver richiamato le linee di tendenza dell'orientamento della Corte costituzionale che pongono in luce i fattori di crisi del principio di legalità penale, pone un interrogativo di fondo relativo alla stessa configurazione del dogma della discrezionalità legislativa in materia penale. Attraverso un raffronto con il modello tedesco, l'A. non manca di prospettare possibili soluzioni che consentano alla Corte costituzionale di ampliare il proprio margine di intervento, attraverso decisioni che, pur dichiarando l'illegittimità costituzionale, consentano in ogni caso di delegare al legislatore il compito di intervenire e quindi permettano di valorizzare ulteriori strumenti di raccordo. ; The essay aims at identifying the most relevant issues pertaining to the relationships between the Constitutional Court and the legislator in the criminal law field. Following an in-depth analysis of the Italian Constitutional Court's case-law on the principle of the rule of law in criminal law, the Author challenges the existing dogma of legislative discretion in the criminal law discourse. By way of a comparison with the German system, the A. suggests feasible options with the goal of enabling the Italian Constitutional Court to broaden its margin of intervention. The A., therefore, suggests that the Italian Constitutional Court might sanction the constitutional illegitimacy of the law but, at the same time, boost legislative intervention by engaging in a fruitful dialogue with the legislator.

The invasion of Ukraine will change the economic and political scenarios. Together with the sanctions, it will accelerate the 'de-globalization' process already triggered by the 2008 financial crisis and the pandemic. In this paper, we analyze the effects that economic sanctions will have, in particular, on the international monetary system. In recent years, the dominance of the dollar as the default international currency has weakened albeit slowly. However, in the new scenario, alternative systems to SWIFT (particularly the Chinese one) will receive a strong boost as will the use of payments in currencies other than the dollar. As has already happened in other historical periods, the change in the dominant international currency is linked to epochal events and to a change in the technological paradigm: the war and the development of a digital currency in China and then in other countries could form the basis of this turning point. ; L'invasione dell'Ucraina cambierà profondamente gli scenari economici e politici. Assieme alle sanzioni, accelererà il processo di 'de-globalizzazione' innescato dalla crisi finanziaria del 2008 e dalla pandemia. In questo lavoro analizziamo gli effetti che le sanzioni avranno su questi processi, in particolare sul sistema monetario internazionale. Negli ultimi anni il dominio del dollaro come valuta dei pagamenti internazionali è declinato ma lentamente, e i tentativi soprattutto della Cina e della Russia di emarginarlo non hanno avuto grande successo. Tuttavia, nel nuovo scenario i sistemi alternativi a SWIFT, particolarmente quello cinese, riceveranno un forte impulso così come l'utilizzo di pagamenti in valute diverse dal dollaro. Come già successo in altre epoche storiche, il cambiamento della valuta di riferimento degli scambi internazionali è legato a eventi epocali e a un cambio di paradigma tecnologico: la guerra e la valuta digitale cinese e poi di altri paesi potrebbero costituire le basi di questa svolta.

open ; Arti, Design e Nuove Tecnologie - Dipartimento di Design, Tecnologia dell'Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente - DATA ; In this work we aim at investigating categories of product design in terms of cultural communication by exploring artefacts conceived with the intent of encouraging users' reflection upon "conflict" issues. Under this light, we have chosen case studies referred to those conflicts in which walls and fences are still separating populations one from another, as for Palestine, Mexico, etc. The conflict is here read as an event that is able to encode expectations of emancipation, and because of that it becomes central for articulating significant transitions. Such artefacts, rather than for their functionality or utility, might be interpreted through the Stephanie and Bruce Tharp theory of discursive design, where objects are treated like transmitters of ideas and messages. We believe that discursive design can be a good starting point for better understanding the value of the semantic content spread by objects within time and space, and that artefacts can be considered as specific agents of communication. Therefore, if we consider objects as communicative facts, then we can use tools taken from the field of logics and linguistics in order to analyse the semantic and the cultural length of the objects themselves. As a consequence, politically engaged design tends to broaden the role of designers into an intellectual one, being able to boost debates around the issues designers trigger. ; Altro Corso di Dottorato ; Degree in Philosophy of Language (La Sapienza) with an Advanced Studies Master in Artificial Intelligence, Option Cognitive Science, hold in Leuven, Belgium (KUL), PHD in Industrial Design, Arts and New Technologies with a thesis on activism design that put togehter her interests shown along the years:language, object meaning and political committement. In the last six years she also worked for a cultural foundation as Project Manager for activities related to the valorisation of the ...

This study aims to know and understand the perception of primary school teachers with regard to physical education in Italy, exploring its purposes, content, methodologies, students' evaluation system, and human, economic and sports infrastructural resources.To achieve these aims, we have utilized a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of content emerging from a focus group made up of teachers from the province of Venice. The data has shown that the teachers who have taken part in the research tend to consider physical education as an indispensabletool for the development of the whole person, and as a means capable to facilitate and foster the acquisition of motor and socio-relational skills. Moreover, the data has stressed several problems concerning the very few number of hours assigned to the discipline in the official ministry curriculum, and the absence of adequate sports facilities and equipment, along with a lack both of economic resources and teachers specifically trained for teaching PE in the primary school.We are convinced that the results of this research can contribute to give a further boost to the actions provided in the 107/2015 school reform law whose aim is to undertake a concrete and long-lasting political action for the real enhancement and implementation of PE. ; Il presente studio ha l'obiettivo di conoscere la percezione degli insegnanti della scuola primaria rispetto all'Educazione Motoria in Italia, alle sue finalità, contenuti, metodologie, sistemi di valutazione degli alunni e risorse umane, economiche ed infrastrutturali.Per il raggiungimento di questi obiettivi è stata impiegata una metodologia qualitativa, basata sull'analisi del contenuto di un focus group realizzato con un gruppo di insegnanti della provincia di Venezia.I dati mostrano che i maestri partecipanti alla ricerca considerano l'Educazione Motoria uno strumento indispensabile per lo sviluppo globale della persona, capace di favorire l'acquisizione di abilità motorie e socio-relazionali. Sono state tuttavia ...

This PhD thesis attempts to investigate the role of economic uncertainty in driving the behaviour of household savings for six European countries. Focusing on three main sources of economic uncertainty Unemployment Risk, Fiscal Policy Uncertainty and Financial Crisis-Investment risk, I construct a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model comprising of the Household Saving Rate, main variable of interest; the unemployment rate, to proxy labour income uncertainty and the risk of an income loss; the volatility of financial stock prices per each country, to detect for the presence of financial uncertainty/crisis; a policy uncertainty indicator, using alternatively the Policy Uncertainty Index devised by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2012), the Debt to GDP ratio or the Government Surplus/Deficit to GDP ratio. A comparison among country-specific cumulative impulse response functions suggests that: 1. Household saving rate's response to a change in investment risk is ambiguous, due to two counterbalancing effects: higher risk increases the volatility of future consumption and thus stimulates the accumulation of savings, while a more uncertain rate of return reduces the attractiveness of saving since it increases the risk of capital losses. 2. A labour uncertainty shock is detrimental or a booster for saving depending on whether the downward pressures on saving rate due to lower saving from unemployed people, prevails or not over the higher households propensity to save for precautionary reasons. 3. Fiscal policy instruments and related uncertainty influence the savings pattern of the private sector: private saving falls when governments reduce deficits (or the debt level) or run large budget surpluses and vice versa, as suggested by the Ricardian paradigm. I then propose another possible approach to the analysis, a Bayesian estimation of the reduced form VARs for the panel of European countries, as a Hierarchical Linear Model, with the future aim of improving estimation results.

During the 1990s, attention pivoted on Reform in the Public Administration (PA) relative both to the functional and organizational capacity of the Institutions and Administrations and to wider citizen participation in the diffusion of new technologies. At the same time, the Institutions began to privilege principles of efficiency, efficacy and economicity in public action. In particular, reduction in management costs were highlighted while the foundations were laid for processes of administrative simplification and the development of the "digital State ". At European and national scale, the notion of e-Government was far-reaching and inclusive of a series of policies linked to the introduction of ICT (organizational, technological, formative/performative, infrastructural and information technology solutions), in order to collect, conserve, process and transmit (textual, visual or audio) digital information. The focus of the e-Government concept targeted four objectives: 1) collecting and storing massive quantities of information within a confined space; 2) processing and transmitting information more speedily; 3) the exchange of information (interoperability) using diverse techniques and language; 4) the conservation and security of information, content and the impact of digitising modes and processes. Notwithstanding, a decade later e-Government policies of the latest generation still pivot on the delicate issue of interoperability which goes far beyond technical problems of connectivity and language. The impact of the economic recession in Italy (still ongoing) as can be envisaged, has had disastrous results on the productive and social fabric of the country. Planning to resolve governance issues in the Italian Public Administration through innovative policies and strategies of global development such as Structural Funds – Europe 2020 Strategy is vital to support the Digital Agenda, innovation and private sector industrial research while the diffusion of tecnological enterprise is necessary to boost competitiveness and a new culture of systemic actions to foster structural impact. Within this strategic vision, one of the core issues concerns a more virtuous alignment with European policies, well defined in the Strategy Horizon 2020, the main European Union funding tool for Research Europa envisaged for the period 2014-2020.

In the last two decades, Brazil distinguished itself for its political efforts aiming to foster social inclusion, through a series of public policies. Great interest has particularly arisen around for its anti-poverty initiatives. In 2003 the Brazilian government launched the Fome Zero program, presenting the institutional food purchasing program as a crucial tool in the fight against malnutrition and as a market access strategy for small-scale producers. This research project intends to contribute to the analysis and comprehension of the evolution of the brazilian public policies in relation to the process leading to the recognition of family farming as a social category and strategic sector in the field of food security. It focuses on the study of the Food Acquisition Programme, PAA (Programa de Aquisiçao de Alimentos) and its implementation in the city region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The PAA, implemented in 2003 by the federal government, was created as a public policy for the institutional purchase of food produced by family farming and intended to promote food and nutrition security. This program is one of the Fome Zero plan central axes and resulted from the confluence of two great debates that have animated Brazil, during the decade of 1990s. The first focused on the fight against hunger and the construction of a political food security plan, going beyond the simple right to food. This discussion intensified since the late 80s, gained a boost in the 90s, in conjunction with an intense mobilization by civil society, and met more space in the Lula government. The second debate is about the recognition of family farming as a social category by the Brazilian state, a sector that had hardly never been considered as a potential recipient of specific public policies until then. The discussion established since the 90s, as result of several critical expressions to hegemonic model of brazilian agricultural production, permitted to create the conditions for developing changes concerning the family farming productive matrix into the process of formation of the PAA. For producing deliverable, as well as a bibliographic research aimed to provide an insight on the state of art related to the topic presented above, the research project includes fieldwork in the city region of Porto Alegre: visits to several farms and producers' organizations, collecting information and testimonies through dialogues held with several agricultural producers, known during the stay in Brazil.

La riforma "a sistema" della portualità italiana, nata per adeguare una risorsa importante del Paese al contesto europeo nella prospettiva integrata Core-TEN 2030-2050, necessita di planning integrati sostenibili terra-mare, a diverse scale, quale strumenti territorialmente coesivi di innovazione processuale della capacity building. Il contributo, assumendo gli obiettivi europei 2020 e post e i cambiamenti strutturali in corso, costruisce un quadro delle coerenze necessarie ad operare nel contesto della nuova politica terra-mare che, dal 2014, coinvolge, nella Blue Growth, 1200 porti europei di varie dimensioni, allo scopo di rilanciare la competitività fuori e dentro i contesti nazionali e regionali in un quadro di sostenibilità, innovando metodologie, processi, tecniche, strumenti, metodi anche dal punto di vista lessicale. Il paper, tenendo conto della vasta letteratura e delle sperimentazioni sul tema avviate con la pubblicazione delle "linee guida" porti, mette in luce come la tendenza verso un'"economia Green e Blue" rinvii, per l'Italia, ad una visione sempre più interattiva, sistemico-cooperativa, macro e trans regionale tra porto, città-porto e area vasta. La corrente sperimentazione di una nuova pianificazione terra-mare (geographical economic oriented) è richiamata in questa fase per sostenerne l'applicazione alle città portuali di varia dimensione e tipologia, includendo i vantaggi derivanti da scelte di policy e planning che adottano la place based evidence per lo sviluppo di una portualità di lungo periodo, accogliendo le sfide di un contesto (politico e geografico) fortemente identitario e diversificato nel promuovere scenari blue-green a sostegno di investimenti pubblici e privati. ; The "systemic" reform of the Italian port facilities has been created to adapt an important resource of the country to the European integrated perspective of Core-TEN 2030-2050. It requires integrated sustainable land-sea planning, at different scales, as instruments of territorially cohesive process able to innovate capacity building. Assuming the European 2020 and post-2020 objectives and the structural changes underway, the paper builds a framework of needed coherence in order to act in the context of the new land-sea policy. From 2014, it involves, within the Blue Growth framework, 1200 European ports sizes, in order to boost competitiveness outside and within national and regional contexts. Sustainability, innovating methodologies, processes, techniques, tools, methods also from the lexical point of view are inspiring the planning design. Taking into account a large literature and experimental cases emerging after the publication of the "Italian ports guidelines", the paper highlights how the trend towards a "Green and Blue economy" refers to an increasingly interactive, systemic-cooperative, macro- and transregional vision between port, city-port and large area. The current test of a new land-sea planning (geographical economic oriented) is recalled to supporting the application to different sizes and types of port cities. Benefits arising from policy choices and planning that adopt place-based evidence for a long-term port development and strategy, accepting the challenges are from a context (political and geographical) strongly identified and diversified in promoting blue-green scenarios in support of public and private investment.

Urban social discomfort and economic activities: coexistence and conflict. The case of PescaraThe traditional idea of urban suburbs gives a vision of housing degradation, economic marginalization and social discomfort in the collective imaginary. These spaces, often considered anonymous places, tend to reject economic activities outside their perimeter, except those of mere subsistence for the residents. However, a new vision of the suburbs is being consolidated, able, through targeted renewal policies and projects, to boost a work of recovery and transformation of these spaces into real places, promoting social inclusion and urban redevelopment of residents. The Italian Council of Ministers of 15/10/2015 launched the program «Interventions for the social and cultural redevelopment of degraded urban areas», highlighting the condition of marginal peripheral areas through the social discomfort (IDS) and building disadvantages (IDE) indexes. In this contribution we observed the areas of social discomfort in Pescara, an average city, after having calculated the IDS and IDE indexes with the appropriate corrections. The idea was to apply, in this first experimental phase based on 2011 census data, the layer of the distribution of productive activities to that deriving from the data on IDS and IDE to identify the places of coexistence or vice versa divergence between the location of production activities and peripheral areas. The analysis carried out, in the specific case study, allowed to observe how in Pescara the social discomfort is above all evident in the peripheral areas, while the building discomfort, following different urban dynamics encountered within a few decades, is also found in the central areas. Détresse sociale urbaine et activités économiques: coexistence et conflit. Le cas de PescaraL'idée traditionnelle de banlieue urbaine donne une vision de la dégradation du logement, de la marginalisation économique et de détresse social dans l'imaginaire collectif. Ces espaces, souvent considérés comme des lieux anonymes, ont tendance à rejeter les activités économiques en dehors de leur périmètre, sauf celles de simple subsistance pour les résidents. Mais une nouvelle vision de la banlieue est en train d'être consolidée, capable de stimuler, par le biais de politiques et de projets de rénovation ciblés, un travail de restauration et de transformation de ces espaces en espaces réels, favorisant l'inclusion sociale et le réaménagement urbain des habitants. Le Conseil des ministres italien du 15/10/2015 a lancé le programme «Interventions en faveur du réaménagement social et culturel des zones urbaines dégradées», soulignant la situation des zones périphériques marginales à travers les indices de détresse social (IDS) et de désavantages liés à la construction (IDE). Dans cette contribution, nous avons observé les zones de détresse social à Pescara, une ville moyenne, après avoir calculé les indices IDS et IDE avec les corrections appropriées. L'idée était d'appliquer, dans cette première phase expérimentale basée sur les données du recensement de 2011, la couche de répartition des activités productives à celle dérivée à partir des données sur IDS et IDE pour identifier les lieux de coexistence ou vice versa divergence entre activités de production et zones périphériques. L'analyse réalisée, dans l'étude de cas spécifique, a permis d'observer qu'à Pescara la détresse sociale se manifestait surtout dans les zones périphériques, tandis que l'inconfort du bâtiment, consécutif aux différentes dynamiques urbaines rencontrées en quelques décennies, se retrouvait également dans le centre.