Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the ways national identity is constructed and practiced in North Macedonia. Based on data collected in 2015 during fieldwork in the Macedonian city of Bitola, and, especially, in the village of Trnovo and the city of Ohrid, the article explains how various notions of Macedonianness are constructed and politicized. To do this, several analytical prisms characteristic to the field of nationalism studies are used. The Macedonians' need for having their constructed identity recognized has its roots in Macedonia's turbulent national and international political environment. Even so, the evidence collected in the interviews with local informants will highlight how Macedonianness is often practiced by marking the rejection of other national identifications. In particular, the article demonstrates how the idea of antique national roots marks an attempt to re-use available historical materials on two different levels: to boost national pride and to legitimize political claims made by some Macedonian politicians.

This article discusses the ways national identity is constructed and practiced in North Macedonia. Based on data collected in 2015 during fieldwork in the Macedonian city of Bitola, and, especially, in the village of Trnovo and the city of Ohrid, the article explains how various notions of Macedonianness are constructed and politicized. To do this, several analytical prisms characteristic to the field of nationalism studies are used. The Macedonians' need for having their constructed identity recognized has its roots in Macedonia's turbulent national and international political environment. Even so, the evidence collected in the interviews with local informants will highlight how Macedonianness is often practiced by marking the rejection of other national identifications. In particular, the article demonstrates how the idea of antique national roots marks an attempt to re-use available historical materials on two different levels: to boost national pride and to legitimize political claims made by some Macedonian politicians.

This article discusses the ways national identity is constructed and practiced in North Macedonia. Based on data collected in 2015 during fieldwork in the Macedonian city of Bitola, and, especially, in the village of Trnovo and the city of Ohrid, the article explains how various notions of Macedonianness are constructed and politicized. To do this, several analytical prisms characteristic to the field of nationalism studies are used. The Macedonians' need for having their constructed identity recognized has its roots in Macedonia's turbulent national and international political environment. Even so, the evidence collected in the interviews with local informants will highlight how Macedonianness is often practiced by marking the rejection of other national identifications. In particular, the article demonstrates how the idea of antique national roots marks an attempt to re-use available historical materials on two different levels: to boost national pride and to legitimize political claims made by some Macedonian politicians.

This article discusses the ways national identity is constructed and practiced in North Macedonia. Based on data collected in 2015 during fieldwork in the Macedonian city of Bitola, and, especially, in the village of Trnovo and the city of Ohrid, the article explains how various notions of Macedonianness are constructed and politicized. To do this, several analytical prisms characteristic to the field of nationalism studies are used. The Macedonians' need for having their constructed identity recognized has its roots in Macedonia's turbulent national and international political environment. Even so, the evidence collected in the interviews with local informants will highlight how Macedonianness is often practiced by marking the rejection of other national identifications. In particular, the article demonstrates how the idea of antique national roots marks an attempt to re-use available historical materials on two different levels: to boost national pride and to legitimize political claims made by some Macedonian politicians.

Substantial body of academic literature agree that the financial constrain is the core problem in developing early stage small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, venture capital through financing and providing value added services is considered to be an effective tool in increasing regions innovation capacity, fostering economic growth as well as job creation. Thus, financing such promising young ventures, especially those with technological background, is encouraged in many countries through various Governments' initiatives. A wide range of research explores public programmes in enhancing venture capital markets development in various countries either through direct (when Government invest directly in fund) or indirect (for instance, tax relief, etc.) measures. Therefore the present paper focuses on the direct Government intervention in venture capital market development, through investing in venture capital funds (as the co-investor or limited partner) in order to facilitate SMEs through financing its early stage of development. Venture capital funds, pooled by Governments' sources, private and institutional investors, aiming to boost investments in early stage innovative companies, are considered as hybrid venture capital funds in this paper. [.]

Substantial body of academic literature agree that the financial constrain is the core problem in developing early stage small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, venture capital through financing and providing value added services is considered to be an effective tool in increasing regions innovation capacity, fostering economic growth as well as job creation. Thus, financing such promising young ventures, especially those with technological background, is encouraged in many countries through various Governments' initiatives. A wide range of research explores public programmes in enhancing venture capital markets development in various countries either through direct (when Government invest directly in fund) or indirect (for instance, tax relief, etc.) measures. Therefore the present paper focuses on the direct Government intervention in venture capital market development, through investing in venture capital funds (as the co-investor or limited partner) in order to facilitate SMEs through financing its early stage of development. Venture capital funds, pooled by Governments' sources, private and institutional investors, aiming to boost investments in early stage innovative companies, are considered as hybrid venture capital funds in this paper. [.]

Substantial body of academic literature agree that the financial constrain is the core problem in developing early stage small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, venture capital through financing and providing value added services is considered to be an effective tool in increasing regions innovation capacity, fostering economic growth as well as job creation. Thus, financing such promising young ventures, especially those with technological background, is encouraged in many countries through various Governments' initiatives. A wide range of research explores public programmes in enhancing venture capital markets development in various countries either through direct (when Government invest directly in fund) or indirect (for instance, tax relief, etc.) measures. Therefore the present paper focuses on the direct Government intervention in venture capital market development, through investing in venture capital funds (as the co-investor or limited partner) in order to facilitate SMEs through financing its early stage of development. Venture capital funds, pooled by Governments' sources, private and institutional investors, aiming to boost investments in early stage innovative companies, are considered as hybrid venture capital funds in this paper. [.]

Substantial body of academic literature agree that the financial constrain is the core problem in developing early stage small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, venture capital through financing and providing value added services is considered to be an effective tool in increasing regions innovation capacity, fostering economic growth as well as job creation. Thus, financing such promising young ventures, especially those with technological background, is encouraged in many countries through various Governments' initiatives. A wide range of research explores public programmes in enhancing venture capital markets development in various countries either through direct (when Government invest directly in fund) or indirect (for instance, tax relief, etc.) measures. Therefore the present paper focuses on the direct Government intervention in venture capital market development, through investing in venture capital funds (as the co-investor or limited partner) in order to facilitate SMEs through financing its early stage of development. Venture capital funds, pooled by Governments' sources, private and institutional investors, aiming to boost investments in early stage innovative companies, are considered as hybrid venture capital funds in this paper. [.]

In Lithuania the discipline of law is regulated using common and local rules of law for fourty years. The legislator had changed many regulations applied to rights and duties of employees and employers during that time but the corpus of discipline of law had not be changed so much. The work procedure in companies, institutions and organizations is established with accepting the discription of work procedure. In that way the employees are obliged to work up to the mustard and be productive with supporting them giving the boosts or schoolings by employers. Consequently that's very important to analyse the relations and interest between employees and employers otherwise they will lose the possibility to find a balanse to reach the good results in companies, institutions and organizations. The legislation charge to have right regulations for discipline of law in all the workplaces – to set up the discription of work procedures in legitimate and determinate order ways. If the employees are not doing all the duties they must to do – the employer should award them with the schoolings. Accordingly only the detail and full analysis of legislation, doctrine and court precedents together with having conclutions in the end could help to find all the expedients and implements to guarantee the discipline of law in companies, institutions and organizations.

In Lithuania the discipline of law is regulated using common and local rules of law for fourty years. The legislator had changed many regulations applied to rights and duties of employees and employers during that time but the corpus of discipline of law had not be changed so much. The work procedure in companies, institutions and organizations is established with accepting the discription of work procedure. In that way the employees are obliged to work up to the mustard and be productive with supporting them giving the boosts or schoolings by employers. Consequently that's very important to analyse the relations and interest between employees and employers otherwise they will lose the possibility to find a balanse to reach the good results in companies, institutions and organizations. The legislation charge to have right regulations for discipline of law in all the workplaces – to set up the discription of work procedures in legitimate and determinate order ways. If the employees are not doing all the duties they must to do – the employer should award them with the schoolings. Accordingly only the detail and full analysis of legislation, doctrine and court precedents together with having conclutions in the end could help to find all the expedients and implements to guarantee the discipline of law in companies, institutions and organizations.

Leadership in education is a reform of the education system that boosts creativity, promotes innovation and solidarity in pursuit of a common objective. A great emphasis on leadership in general education schools is placed not only in Western European countries but also Lithuania. Although one has to admit that here this phenomenon had not been investigated conclusively. Seeing that signs of innovation and leadership can already be perceived in general education schools, various theories and practices of leadership are still being researched and tested. In order to reach concrete and clear results, it is reasonable to analyse and underline the features of leadership in general education school through already available results on the prevailing directions. This communication, therefore, provides an overview of types of leadership (transformative, distributed and servant) in general education school and search for specific features of it. The aim – to set the direction of leadership in general education school. The object – leadership in general education school. The tasks: 1. Examine the scientific literature and documents on leadership in general education school and identify the main theoretical leadership directions. 2. Set the direction of leadership in the general education school of Lithuania. 3. Formulate recommendations on the development of leadership in a general education school of Lithuania. Methods: 1. The analysis of scientific literature and analysis of the national legislation with respect to the features of leadership. 2. Comparative analysis. 3. Quantitative analysis. Theoretical research showed that the leadership direction itself dominates in the basic legal acts governing the education system. Based on the analysis of the documents, it can be concluded, that transformative and distributed leaderships are the most pronounced in the general education school. They are characterized through collaboration and initiation and deployment of innovations. Empirical research showed that the prevailing directions of leadership are all: transformation, distributed and servant leadership.

Leadership in education is a reform of the education system that boosts creativity, promotes innovation and solidarity in pursuit of a common objective. A great emphasis on leadership in general education schools is placed not only in Western European countries but also Lithuania. Although one has to admit that here this phenomenon had not been investigated conclusively. Seeing that signs of innovation and leadership can already be perceived in general education schools, various theories and practices of leadership are still being researched and tested. In order to reach concrete and clear results, it is reasonable to analyse and underline the features of leadership in general education school through already available results on the prevailing directions. This communication, therefore, provides an overview of types of leadership (transformative, distributed and servant) in general education school and search for specific features of it. The aim – to set the direction of leadership in general education school. The object – leadership in general education school. The tasks: 1. Examine the scientific literature and documents on leadership in general education school and identify the main theoretical leadership directions. 2. Set the direction of leadership in the general education school of Lithuania. 3. Formulate recommendations on the development of leadership in a general education school of Lithuania. Methods: 1. The analysis of scientific literature and analysis of the national legislation with respect to the features of leadership. 2. Comparative analysis. 3. Quantitative analysis. Theoretical research showed that the leadership direction itself dominates in the basic legal acts governing the education system. Based on the analysis of the documents, it can be concluded, that transformative and distributed leaderships are the most pronounced in the general education school. They are characterized through collaboration and initiation and deployment of innovations. Empirical research showed that the prevailing directions of leadership are all: transformation, distributed and servant leadership.

The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors' to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour. In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it did not increase at all. The environmentally friendly behaviour of citizens is mostly determined by personal general values, evaluation of importance of the main environmental problems, and willingness to assume the responsibility for the solution of environmental problems. Therefore, seeking to reduce the environmental impact of consumption it is important to provide more information about the main environmental problems and to develop the willingness to contribute to the solutions of environmental problems in the daily life.

The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors' to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour. In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it did not increase at all. The environmentally friendly behaviour of citizens is mostly determined by personal general values, evaluation of importance of the main environmental problems, and willingness to assume the responsibility for the solution of environmental problems. Therefore, seeking to reduce the environmental impact of consumption it is important to provide more information about the main environmental problems and to develop the willingness to contribute to the solutions of environmental problems in the daily life.

The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors' to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour. In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it did not increase at all. The environmentally friendly behaviour of citizens is mostly determined by personal general values, evaluation of importance of the main environmental problems, and willingness to assume the responsibility for the solution of environmental problems. Therefore, seeking to reduce the environmental impact of consumption it is important to provide more information about the main environmental problems and to develop the willingness to contribute to the solutions of environmental problems in the daily life.