Suchergebnisse

Estamos entrando en un nuevo ciclo económico al que podríamos denominar «economía de la reputación». El detonante para este cambio de tendencia ha sido la crisis iniciada en 2008-2009. La pérdida de confianza se ha generalizado, afecta tanto a las empresas como a los gobiernos. La recuperación de la confianza es una tarea prioritaria para la superación de la crisis económica. El autor argumenta que la buena gestión de las marcas y de la reputación son la palanca para recuperar la confianza y hoy son las empresas quienes están mejor posicionadas para impulsar esta gestión de los intangibles estratégicos. La clave para esta recuperación reside en comprender y saber gestionar las redes sociales y las relaciones con los stakeholders puesto que son los «iguales» y los expertos son las únicas fuentes de información sobre empresas e instituciones que tienen credibilidad en los ciudadanos. El autor presenta la creación del laboratorio de ideas Corporate Excellence - Centre for Reputation Leadership, como una iniciativa empresarial que nace en este contexto con el objetivo de ayudar a las empresas y al sector público a gestionar mejor los intangibles clave (reputación, marca y comunicación) y argumenta la utilidad de esta iniciativa para la recuperación de la confianza y para competir en este nuevo contexto de la economía de la reputación. ; We are entering a new economic cycle, which may be named «the reputation economy» —a trend that was triggered by the crisis that started in 2008-2009, when the loss of trust affected both businesses and governments. The recovery of trust is essential for overcoming the economic crisis. The author argues that good reputation management may serve as a tool for restoring trust and today the business sector is in a better position for promoting management of strategic intangible assets. In order to restore trust, it is fundamental to understand and be able to manage social networks as well as relations with the stakeholders due to the fact that peers and experts are the only sources of information on companies and institutions that still enjoy trust of the individuals. The author presents the think tank Corporate Excellence - Centre for Reputation Leadership as a project initiated in this context with an objective to help companies and the public sector to improve management of key intangible assets (the reputation, the brand and the communication). The author argues the utility of this initiative in order to restore trust and successfully compete in this new context of the reputation economy.

The year 2008 will be remembered in history as the year of the most serious capitalist fi nancial crisis since the outbreah of World War, and as the beginning of state measures taken to mitigate the social eff ects of the economic earthquake. Th is behaviour of Western governments, which includes millions of euros and dollars in public contributions to save the market economy and decisions to intervene in banking that would have been unthinkable in other circumstances, reminded me of the relationship of equilibrium and dependency that has always existed between the state and private interests, between the public sector and private initiative (is this the "invisible hand" of Adam Smith?). Th at is why I was led to remember the serious events that aff ected Rome in the fi rst century before Christ. Th is was a period when the business of the big fi nancial companies operating in the rich province of Asia were shaken and when the Senate resounded to the warning words of Cicero, recalling that the social equilibrium of Rome and its existence as a State depended on the successful outcome of the interests of the great businessmen, and urging the Republic to intervene with all its power to resolve them. Th is is an approach to those events and to fi nding out about the fi nancial fi rms operating during the last two centuries of the Roman republic. ; 2008 será recordado en la historia como el año del estallido de la más grave crisis fi nanciera capitalista tras la segunda guerra mundial, y el inicio de un conjunto de medidas estatales con el fi n de paliar los efectos sociales de tal terremoto económico. Este comportamiento de los gobiernos occidentales que incluye miles de millones de euros y de dólares en aportaciones públicas para salvar la economía de mercado, y decisiones de intervención bancaria impensables en otras circunstancias, me recordó la relación de equilibrio y dependencia que siempre ha existido entre el Estado y los intereses particulares, entre el sector público y la iniciativa privada (¿debe ser ésa ...

Una de las consecuencias de la creciente movilidad de los ciudadanos en la Unión Europea es el aumento exponencial de sucesiones que presentan una dimensión internacional. La sucesión de estos nacionales de la Unión se plantea cuanto menos compleja, debido a la disparidad legislativa existente en materia de sucesiones y la inseguridad jurídica que provoca la multiplicidad de regímenes jurídicos en el ámbito del Derecho internacional privado de sucesiones en la Unión Europea. El nuevo Reglamento de sucesiones permitirá disponer de un sistema uniforme para determinarla competencia judicial, la ley aplicable y el reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones en materia sucesoria en el ámbito de la Unión Europea. El objeto de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre las consecuencias de la aplicación del sistema unitario que plantea el Reglamento en materia de sucesiones internacionales y, en particular, en relación a la ley aplicable, su incidencia en la figura del reenvío, las ventajas e inconvenientes que aporta y sus consecuencias en los sistemas nacionales de Derecho internacional privado de los Estados miembros. ; One of the consequences of the increasing mobility of citizens within the European Union is the exponential increase of international successions. The succession of these EU citizens appears complex because of the disparity of the existing legislation concerning successions and the legal uncertainty caused by the multiplicity of legal regimes in the field of Private international law on succession in the European Union Member States. The adoption of the new Regulation on successions in the European Union provides a uniform system for determining the jurisdiction, the applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matters of succession at the European Union level. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consequences of the application of the unitary system proposed in the Regulation for international successions, especially in relation to the applicable law, their impact in the institution of renvoi, their advantages and disadvantages and their consequences on the national systems of Private international law of the EU Member States.

En este trabajo se examinan algunas cuestiones en torno al proceso de «constitucionalización» del Derecho comunitario. En primer término se abordan los problemas nominales que han acompañado al Tratado de Lisboa y a su precursora, la malograda «Constitución europea». En segundo lugar, se abunda en la denominada «tesis del no demos», que parece haber sido la vencedora, al menos a nivel del discurso teórico, tras la firma del Tratado de Lisboa. En la última parte del trabajo, se afronta de modo sucinto, la cuestión de la ciudadanía europea en relación con este proceso de constitucionalización. En general, la tesis central del trabajo puede ser resumida del siguiente modo: la Unión Europea no se puede subsumir ni explicar bajo los conceptos que se han empleado tradicionalmente para el Estado Nación. ; This paper examines some issues connected to the process of «constitutionalization» of European Community law. First, the denomination problems that have accompanied the Treaty of Lisbon and its predecessor, the ill-fated «European Constitution», are addressed. Second, the socalled «no demos thesis» is analyzed. This thesis seems to have been successful, at least at the level of theoretical discourse, following the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon. In the last part of the work, the question of European citizenship in relation to the constitutional process is addressed. In general, the central thesis of the work can be summarized as follows: the European Union cannot be subsumed or explained under the concepts used traditionally to refer to the Nation State.

This thesis is focused on temporal information processing, which is a task framed in the field of natural language processing. The aim of this task is to obtain the temporal location and ordering of the events expressed in text or discourse, which requires the automatic interpretation of temporal expressions, events, and the temporal relations between them. The majority of current approaches are based on morphosyntactic knowledge. However, temporal entities are often ambiguous at that language analysis level. Our hypothesis is that the linguistic expression of time is a semantic phenomenon and therefore, to achieve a better extraction performance, temporal information must be processed using semantics. To prove this hypothesis, we present a semantic approach to temporal information processing: TIPSem. This is an automated system that includes features based on lexical semantics, semantic roles, and temporal semantics, in addition to morphosyntactic features. TIPSem has been empirically evaluated through the participation in the TempEval-2 international evaluation exercise and subsequent experiments based on this test. The results obtained firmly support the presented hypothesis and their analysis demonstrates that semantic features aid in handling morphosyntactic ambiguity and favour generalization capabilities. These conclusions have been reached for different languages (i.e., English, Spanish, Italian, and Chinese), which supports the defended hypothesis at a multilingual level. Finally, as compared with the state of the art, TIPSem obtains a very competitive performance level and introduces a remarkable improvement in event processing. TIPSem has been applied to the problem of graphical representation of temporal information. We have developed a dynamic interface which brings users time-based access to information: Time-Surfer. The results obtained through a user-oriented evaluation of this interface demonstrate that TIPSem's performance is also satisfactory from an extrinsic standpoint. ; This PhD thesis has been supported by the Spanish Government, in projects: TIN-2006-15265-C06-01, TIN-2009-13391-C04-01 and PROMETEO/2009/119, where Hector Llorens is funded under a FPI grant (BES-2007-16256).