Suchergebnisse

This article is a further contribution to the discourse of ethnic 'diffusion' in European countries. The debate started on the pages of the Baltic Region journal by three authors - Yu. N. Gladky, I. Yu. Gladky, and K. Yu. Eidemiller [4]. We assume that Europe has been a major centre of attraction for immigrants in recent decades and a site for the rapid emergence of ethnic communities. Unlike Muslim immigration, a product of the Arab Spring and often a measure of last resort, Chinese immigration is a result of a certain convergence between the ideologies of the host countries, committed to multiculturalism, and the country of origin pursuing a 'go global' policy. We chose the EU countries as a 'demonstration site' and the Chinese diaspora as the object of research. Our aim is to describe the process of migration from China and the formation of a Chinese diaspora in European countries. We analyse the timeline and the scope of Chinese immigration, qualitative changes in the composition of immigrants, factors affecting the choice of the country of entry, and the quantitative parameters and settlement patterns of today's Chinese diaspora in the region. We suggest grouping the EU Countries by the number and 'age' of their Chinese diasporas. We consider ethnic 'diffusion' as part of the 'European project' within Beijing's global strategy.

"This volume provides important insights into the Chinese diaspora through a mix of disciplinary approaches and a wide range of topics, historical periods, thematic foci, and geographical sites. In this way, the volume provides a set of entry points to illuminate the immense diversity that constitutes the Chinese diaspora. It is a valuable addition both to diaspora studies more generally and to our understanding of the ongoing and specific processes that these 50 million people are engaged in as they make and remake the world."--

Through a comparative study of two films, The Joy Luck Club and Crazy Rich Asians, the article elaborates how Chinese diaspora films use Mahjong's cinematic symbolism and cultural significations to negotiate Chineseness in different ways. In particular, three differences between the two films are analysed. The first one is the different attitudes of the female protagonists towards Mahjong as well as the Chineseness embodied by it. The second concerns the disparate presences of Mahjong in films made by mainland China-based filmmakers and Chinese diasporic filmmakers due to Mahjong's differed historical trajectories and sociocultural implications. The last one is about the distinct goals the two film directors set when they employ Mahjong to (re)construct their identity and Chineseness on the part of the Chinese diaspora. This article concludes that Chineseness is not a monolithic and rigid category, but rather a chameleonic formation that is contextually and individually determined; moreover, in the age of globalization when coexistence and interdependence are valued more than mutual-resistance, the dynamic nature of Chineseness necessitates a more hybrid and critical identity framework: in-betweenness.

Indonesian Citizenship Law Policy, in accordance with Article 26 Paragraph (1)of the 1945 Constitution and Act Nr. 12/2006, is closed in nature and does not recognize dual citizenship. Community members of the Indonesian Chinese Diaspora who hold foreign nationalities do not have the legal standing to file applications to the Constitutional Court for constitutional review of Act Nr. 12/2006 in an effort to obtain Indonesian citizenship, because they are not Indonesian citizens. In order for an individual to be able to obtain Indonesian citizenship without losing his or her foreign nationality, the principle of dual citizenship must be applied within the Indonesian Citizenship Law Policy. This can happen if a legislative review on or an amendment to the act (in this case Act Nr. 12/2006 regarding the Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia) is conducted by Parliament. Thus the Government of the Republic of Indonesia must be absolutely sure and able to fully assure Parliament that Indonesia has a genuine need for the Indonesian Chinese Diaspora, because they have great potentials and can play an important role in Indonesia's development, both in terms of the quality of human resources that have been proven and tested abroad, as well as the capital that can be invested in Indonesia.

1. "New migrants" from the PRC and the transformation of Chinese media : the case of Cambodia / Nyiri Pal -- 2. The conundrum of the "honorary whites" : media and being Chinese in South Africa / Wanning Sun -- 3. An overseas orthodoxy? : shifting toward pro-PRC media in Chinese-speaking Brazil / Josh Stenberg -- 4. Bridge or barrier : migration, media, and the sojourner mentality in Chinese communities in Italy and Spain / Tian Gong -- 5. Unique past and common future : Chinese immigrants and Chinese-language media in France / Nan Dai -- 6. Politics of homeland : hegemonic discourses of the intervening homeland in Chinese diasporic newspapers in the Netherlands / Cindy Cheung-Kwan Chong -- 7. The Chinese diaspora, motherland, and "June fourth" : a discourse analysis of the BBC Chinese "have your say" forum, 2009-13 / Jingrong Tong -- 8. Geo-ethnic storytelling : Chinese-language television in Canada / Shuyu Kong -- 9. Cyber China and evolving transnational identities : the case of New Zealand / Manying Ip and Hang Yin -- 10. Provisional business migrants to western Australia, social media, and conditional belonging / Susan Leong -- 11. Xin Yimin : "new" Chinese migration and new media in a Trinidadian town / Jolynna Sinanan.

Abstract
The art of overseas Chinese with its obvious connections with homeland culture is characteristic of the diaspora ethos. Traditional themes regularly appear: landscapes usually executed in traditional monochrome brush and ink, rock gardens, Chinese characters and calligraphy, historical references, and cultural emblems. In addition, it seems as though such artists are impelled to introduce the world to the merits of their heritage. Living among foreigners and experiencing western culture, new digital media, Internet access, freedom of expression, educational opportunities and global markets has broadened their perspective and their art. For this reason, their work does not look traditional: it makes use of new media, venues and forms of presentation and addresses a global rather than national arena. Although a wave of the most successful diaspora artists returned to China, they maintain a base of operation in the West and their art retains the characteristics they acquired living abroad.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: rethinking Chinese diasporic media -- China's soft power and the decline of the old diasporic media network -- Diaspora and transnationalism -- Chinese transnationalism -- The chapters -- Notes -- References -- 1. "New Migrants" from the PRC and the Transformation of Chinese Media: the case of Cambodia -- The politics of Chinese ethnicity in contemporary Cambodia -- The transformation of Chinese news media in Cambodia -- Media pluralism and the framing of ethnic identity -- Notes -- References -- 2. The Conundrum of the "Honorary Whites": media and being Chinese in South Africa -- From ROC to PRC: migrants and their media -- The price to pay for being "honorary whites" -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 3. An Overseas Orthodoxy?: shifting toward Pro-PRC Media in Chinese-speaking Brazil -- History and recent development of Chinese migration to Brazil -- Chinese-language media in the Latin American context -- Brazilian Chinese-language media in historical perspective -- Nanmei Qiaobao and its predecessors -- Meizhou Huabao (Illustrated paper of the American continent) -- Taiwan Qiaobao/Zhoubao (Taiwan paper of overseas Chinese/Weekly paper) -- Historical progression -- Content, sources, and purposes of NMQB -- New media -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4. Bridge or Barrier: migration, media, and the sojourner mentality in Chinese communities in Italy and Spain -- Chinese immigration in Spain and Italy -- The Chinese-language media in Spain and Italy -- A press facing challenges and difficulties -- Relations between host country and China -- Audience opinion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

Entangled loyalties : Qiaopi, Chinese community structures, and the state in Southeast Asia / Van Dongen Els -- Qiaopi and politics in modern China and the Chinese diaspora / Gregor Benton, Hong Liu, Huimei Zhang -- Migration and home remittances in the financial market connecting Southeast Asia and South China / Takeshi Hamashita -- Serving the national interest : the qiaopi industry, the Chinese post office, and the transnational practices of the state, 1937-1945 / Lane J. Harris -- The evolution of the qiaopi trade : a case study of the Tianyi firm / Junying Jia -- The operating modes of the qiaopi trade and impact on the qiaopiju : a case study of the oversea-Chinese banking corporation (OCBC) / Bozi Liu -- Sex scandals, gold mountain wives, and female roles in the siyi qiaoxiang : a study of the family letters of overseas Chinese in the republican era / Jin Liu -- Jinxin : the remittance trade and enterprising Chinese Australians, 1850-1916 / Mei-fen Kuo

Chinese Diaspora Charity and the Cantonese Pacific, 1850-1949 sheds new light on the history of charity among Chinese overseas and its place in the history of charity in China and in the wider history of global philanthropy. It finds that diaspora charity, besides serving traditional functions of helping the sick and destitute and supporting development in China, helped to build trust among dispersed hometown networks while challenging color boundaries in host societies by contributing to wider social causes. The book shows that charitable activities among the "Gold Rush" communities of the Pacific rim--a loosely integrated émigré network from Guangdong Province perhaps better known for its business acumen and hard work among English-speaking settler societies in North America and Australasia--also led the way with social innovations that helped to shape modern charity in China. Fitzgerald and Yip's volume demonstrates that charity lay at the heart of community life among Chinese communities overseas. From remittances accompanying letters to contributions to benevolent organizations, emigrants transferred funds in many different ways to meet urgent requirements such as disaster relief while also contributing to long-term initiatives like building schools or hospitals. By drawing attention to diaspora contributions to their host societies, the contributors correct a common misunderstanding of the historical Chinese diaspora which is often perceived by host communities as self-interested or disengaged. This important study also reappraises the value of charitable donations in the maintenance of networks, an essential feature of diaspora life across the Cantonese Pacific.

Becoming Activists in Global China is the first purely sociological study of the religious movement Falun Gong and its resistance to the Chinese state. The literature on Chinese protest has intensively studied the 1989 democracy movement while largely ignoring opposition by Falun Gong, even though the latter has been more enduring. This comparative study explains why the Falun Gong protest took off in diaspora and the democracy movement did not. Using multiple methods, Becoming Activists in Global China explains how Falun Gong's roots in proselytizing and its ethic of volunteerism provided the launch pad for its political mobilization. Simultaneously, diaspora democracy activists adopted practices that effectively discouraged grassroots participation. The study also shows how the policy goal of eliminating Falun Gong helped shape today's security-focused Chinese state. Explaining Falun Gong's two decades of protest illuminates a suppressed piece of Chinese contemporary history and advances our knowledge of how religious and political movements intersect.

[F]or the first time in modern history, a rising China is shaping the relationship, transforming the diaspora's identity …

The Chinese diaspora, consisting of both Chinese living overseas who are citizens of China (huaqiao), and people of Chinese descent who are citizens of foreign countries (huaren), have significantly shaped the making of modern China. China's policy towards its diaspora is primarily governed by its national interests and foreign policy imperatives. However, the Chinese government has been careful to ensure that the huaqiao and the huaren fall into different policy domains: Chinese citizens living overseas are subject to China's domestic policies, while Chinese descendants who are citizens of other countries come under China's foreign affairs. Nevertheless, from the beginning, the latter continue to be regarded as kinsfolk distinct from other foreign nationals. The huaqiao-huaren distinction is often blurred in ordinary discourse and this has been a source of much misunderstanding. However, it has not been the policy of the Chinese government to blur this distinction, and it is acutely aware of the complexity of the issue and is therefore very cautious about implying any change. As such, when terms such as huaqiao-huaren are introduced in the official lexicon, they are meant to acknowledge certain historical and contemporary realities, and not to deliberately obfuscate the two categories. The use of the combined term is in fact a recognition of the clear-cut distinction between the two groups, and is meant to convey a semantic balance in which neither category is emphasized at the expense of the other. In general, since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government has treated the diaspora as an asset, rather than a liability. The sole exception was during the Cultural Revolution when returnees, or the guiqiao, were condemned as reactionary and bourgeois elements. There is therefore a fundamental continuity in China's diaspora policy: namely, that China embraces both groups as part of a global Chinese community. Some policy shifts can be expected in future as China becomes more proactive in reaching out to its diaspora while balancing the needs and interests of Chinese abroad with the needs and interests of the Mainland.