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This article outlines a generic process in the reproduction of inequality the authors name obscuring oppression. On the basis of 35 in-depth interviews with college students seeking to make sense of two contemporary social movements, Black Lives Matter and Transgender Bathroom Access, the authors demonstrate three ways people obscure (i.e., avoid, ignore, hide, or explain away claims of) oppression in response to minority protest: trusting the public (i.e., suggesting that an educated public would not allow inequalities to persist), appealing to order (i.e., arguing that if protesters followed the rules, society would be more welcoming to change), and dismissing oppression (i.e., framing movement claims as false or exaggerated). In conclusion, the authors argue that examining processes of obscuring oppression may provide insight into (1) the persistence of inequality in society, (2) linkages between color-blind racism and systemic patterns of sexism and cissexism in society, and (3) potential reactions to other social movements seeking justice for marginalized groups.

AbstractIn this article, I examine the existing research on transgender sex workers and explore how cissexism and sexism overlap and shape this work. Overall, researchers assume that all trans sex workers are women, and all male sex workers are assumed to be cisgender. Transmasculine and other gender non‐conforming sex workers are absent from studies of sex work. Researchers in public health and criminology dominate the literature and this research is limited because it focuses only on trans women and because it focuses primarily on disease and trauma, and almost exclusively on HIV. The literature I examined treats transgender women as a public health "problem" to be solved, rather than addressing their experiences and needs as workers and as people in our society. I argue that in order to have useful applied and policy implications aimed at harm reduction, researchers must use a sociological lens to document what structural conditions push and pull people of various genders into sex markets in the first place. Finally, I advocate for the use of queer, intersectional, and transnational frameworks in future lines of inquiries as a way to push the sociological and public health literature on sex work forward in a way that will benefit all sex workers, their advocates, and service providers.

Im Zusammenhang mit trans und insbesondere medizinisch transitionierenden Menschen wird deutlich, dass sich Reproduktion nicht nur auf Aspekte der Fortpflanzung bezieht, sondern ebenso Fragen von Lebensentwürfen und Zugängen zu Ressourcen umfasst, die staatlich reguliert und kontrolliert werden. Ausgehend von reproduktiven Rechten von trans Personen zielt dieser Aufsatz auf eine Theoretisierung von sozialen Machtverhältnissen im Kontext von Transfeindlichkeit und Cissexismen ab, um Reproduktion in ihrer transitionierenden Vielfältigkeit zu fassen. Ein marxistisch-feministischer Reproduktionsbegriff wird erweitert, um trans Realitäten theoretisch zu integrieren. Die theoretische Argumentation erfolgt entlang der Videoperformance "Pregnancy" der trans Künstlerin of Color micha cárdenas, die Gatekeeping und erzwungene Handlungsmaßnahmen transitionierender Personen innerhalb kapitalistischer Gesundheitsversorgungen verdeutlicht. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Reproduktion von Transfeindlichkeiten und Cissexismen intrinsische Verschränkungen zu weiteren Ausschlüssen beinhaltet, die den Grundlagen kapitalistischer Gesellschaften innewohnen.

Im Zusammenhang mit trans und insbesondere medizinisch transitionierenden Menschen wird deutlich, dass sich Reproduktion nicht nur auf Aspekte der Fortpflanzung bezieht, sondern ebenso Fragen von Lebensentwürfen und Zugängen zu Ressourcen umfasst, die staatlich reguliert und kontrolliert werden. Ausgehend von reproduktiven Rechten von trans Personen zielt dieser Aufsatz auf eine Theoretisierung von sozialen Machtverhältnissen im Kontext von Transfeindlichkeit und Cissexismen ab, um Reproduktion in ihrer transitionierenden Vielfältigkeit zu fassen. Ein marxistisch-feministischer Reproduktionsbegriff wird erweitert, um trans Realitäten theoretisch zu integrieren. Die theoretische Argumentation erfolgt entlang der Videoperformance "Pregnancy" der trans Künstlerin of Color micha cárdenas, die Gatekeeping und erzwungene Handlungsmaßnahmen transitionierender Personen innerhalb kapitalistischer Gesundheitsversorgungen verdeutlicht. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Reproduktion von Transfeindlichkeiten und Cissexismen intrinsische Verschränkungen zu weiteren Ausschlüssen beinhaltet, die den Grundlagen kapitalistischer Gesellschaften innewohnen.

"Queer International Relations" published on by Oxford University Press.

In this essay I argue that Luce Irigaray's description of sexual difference as "difference itself" is based on a pervasive cissexism that necessitates critical attention. I begin by outlining how placing sexual difference in the temporality of the future anterior saves Irigaray from the charges of essentialism and heterosexism. Next, I examine the moments in her texts that scholars claim provide resources for an Irigarayan discussion of the experiences of transgender, intersex, and gender-nonconforming people. I integrate these moments with the temporality of the future anterior to outline a plausible Irigarayan defense against the charge of cissexism. Finally, I argue that this defense cannot be reconciled with her claim that ontology is sexed. The only thing making Irigaray's notion of sexual difference coherent or giving it substance is the impassable limit she places between the sexes. I argue that this is a form of violence akin to the disavowal of the maternal feminine that inaugurates phallocentrism.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One: The Gender Galaxy: Life Beyond the Binary -- Chapter Two: Bodies Beyond the Binary -- Chapter Three: Who We Are and Whom We Date: Transness, Orientation, and Relationships -- Chapter Four: Gender Hurts: Transphobia, Cissexism, and Trans Resistance -- Chapter Five: Finding Life in the Gender Galaxy: Trans Friendship and Community -- Glossary -- For More Information -- For Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Back Cover

Introduction: "i don't have one way to be" -- Masculinities in space : thugs, rednecks, and faggy men -- One is not born a man : social recognition and situated gendered knowledges -- "Strong when i need to be, soft when i need to be" : situated emotional control and masculinities -- Geography of violence : spatial fears and the reproduction of inequality -- Institutional contexts of violence : heterosexism and cissexism in everyday spaces -- Conclusion: contemporary masculinities and transgender politics -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A: Interviewee demographics -- Appendix B: A note on methodology -- Notes

Trans feminine individuals are at a higher risk of sexual victimization than any other subset of the U.S. population. This New York City (NYC)-based study employed an intersectional framework with a phenomenological interview format to explore the experiences of trans feminine adult study participants with sexual victimization. A total of 10 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of trans feminine individuals were conducted. Analysis revealed themes specific to (1) the diversity of experiences within sexual victimization, (2) transmisogynistic sexual victimization, (3) internalized transmisogyny and cissexism, and (4) the health consequences of sexual victimization. Recommendations for policy and programmatic enhancements, future research directions, and implications for social workers are provided.

This paper explores women's and feminists' struggles against feminicide in Mexico. The author analyzes the dominant notions of gender and violence at the core of the Mexican case. First, the article adopts a historical approach, highlighting some critical moments of women's struggles to criminalize feminicide. In this section, the author briefly reconstructs the genealogy of the concept in the Americas, presenting the legal definition of feminicide and violence against women in the existing legal framework in Mexico. Second, the approach addresses the challenges and problems that trans feminicide poses to the current legal framework. This part discusses the violence emanating from a binary notion of gender-based violence and the binary conception of cis and heterosexual gender identity in the law. Here follows an introduction of two central concepts for the analysis of gender: cissexism and heteronormativity. Finally, the article addresses the structural dilemma of the criminalization of feminicide and the juridical strategy of framing women's rights against gender-based violence as special rights.

Transgender populations are disproportionately impacted by eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors; however, transgender clients lack access to affirming and culturally responsive mental health care and are frequently undiagnosed. In addition, conventional treatment models for eating disorders do not attend to the unique causes and manifestations of eating disorders among transgender people, which include: minority stress and gender trauma; gender dysphoria and lack of access to safe, gender-affirming treatment; safety concerns and the need for passing; cissexism and resulting disempowerment; and pervasive, harmful beauty standards coupled with hyper-scrutiny of trans bodies. This project includes a summary and analysis of the existing literature and data regarding the causes of and current treatment recommendations for eating disorders within transgender populations. It also suggests a social-work-led shift within eating disorder treatment to center the sociopolitical forces which so often lead to such diagnoses.

Black Lives and Bathrooms: Racial and Gendered Reactions to Minority Rights Movements examines how people respond to minority movements in ways that maintain existing patterns of racial and gender inequality. By studying the Black Lives Matter and Transgender Bathroom Access movement efforts, J.E. Sumerau and Eric Anthony Grollman analyze how cisgender white people define minority movements in relation to their existing notions of United States social norms; react to minority movements utilizing racial, classed, gendered, and sexual stereotypes that reinforce racism, sexism, and cissexism in society; and propose ways that racial and gender minorities could gain conditional acceptance by behaving in ways cisgender white people find more comfortable and normal. Throughout this work, Sumerau and Grollman note how assumptions about whiteness and cisnormativity are spread as cisgender white people respond to racial and gender movements seeking social change. ; https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1393/thumbnail.jpg

AbstractThis article explores the contents and differential traits of (a) trans* epistemology, as a way to contribute to a dialogue fundamental both from a scholarly perspective and from the point of view of trans* advocacy. The first section offers a brief introduction to trans* studies, highlighting some key aspects in relation to an epistemology rooted in philosophical reflection. The second section presents some of the main critiques trans* scholars have advanced in relation to the processes of knowledge production and its products. The section then moves on to some of the field's main constructive proposals in this respect. The third section builds on the concept of "cis" and "cissexism" to offer considerations on the nuanced relationship between critique and positive contributions, and on the resistance on the part of cis people to being named as such. Finally, the work offers some closing remarks in relation to the specificity and challenges of (a) trans* epistemology.