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Civic Education and Competences for Engaging Citizens in Democracies Murray Print University of Sydney and Dirk Lange Leibniz University of Hannover What competences do young citizens need to be considered as active and engaged in the context of a modern Europe? In 2011 an invited research symposium of leading civic and political educators, social scientists and educational administrators from Europe met in Hannover, Germany to consider this key concern facing Europe today. In examining the above question the symposium addressed two significant issues: 1. Identify key competencies required for active citizenship of young people in Europe of the future. 2. Translate those competencies to school-based activities in the form of curricular and pedagogical strategies. The group addressed these questions through discussion in the symposium and through previously prepared papers. Subsequently the group participated in a modified Delphi Technique to identify the key competences and the final competences are presented in this book. The chapters of this book represent the contribution of the participants before, during and after the symposium with opportunities for review and reflection. Murray Print and Dirk Lange are professors from the University of Sydney and Leibniz University of Hannover respectively and are national leaders in civics and citizenship education in their respective countries. They have brought together a group of leading European civic and citizenship educators from different academic fields to explore the key issue and to identify the competences for young people to become active and engaged European citizens

Research shows that most citizens are shockingly uninformed about public affairs, liberal-conservative ideologies, and the issues of the day. This has led most scholars to condemn typical American voters as politically brainless and to conclude that policy voting lies beyond their reach. 'On Voter Competence' breaks sharply from this view. According to Paul Goren, people vote based on abstract policy principles, a practice that has escaped scholars because they have searched for evidence of policy voting in the wrong places

The author's aim has been to draw together the threads of political and social science and of sub-specialisms within those broad areas of study and to interpret them in the context of urban and regional planning. Consideration is given to various interpretations of decision making in a democracy, to 'representation' and the public interest, to the opportunities for citizen participation in the planning process, to the range of potential participants, their motivation and competence, to the means which may be employed to secure different levels of citizen involvement; and to the impediments to

"This book offers a look at the latest research within digital literacy and competence, setting the bar for the digital citizen of today and tomorrow"--Provided by publisher

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI Committee), sheds light on cross-border commercial contracts and their operation in theory and practice. It describes the legal framework in which commercial contracts operate and analyses current commercial practice as regards choice of law and choice of forum. It concludes that the laws and the courts of some states are more popular than others and suggests to adopt a bundle of measures that will improve the settlement of international disputes in the EU. Among others, the study suggests to introduce an expedited procedure for cross-border commercial cases and to establish specialized courts or chambers for cross-border commercial matters in each Member State. In addition, the study suggests to establish a European Commercial Court.

Preliminary Material /James Arvanitakis and Ingrid Matthews -- 21st Century Citizen Networks in Complex States: Shall We Dance or Play Tug-of-War? /Eugene G. Kowch -- Nomos Beyond the Earth /Josh Entsminger -- Israeli Narratives to the Diaspora and the Construction of an Unequal Diasporic Citizenship /Shahar Burla -- Arendtian Deliberation on the Decline of Political Public Space: The Case of Postwar Japanese Citizenship /Yaya Mori -- Multiple Nationality and the (Ab)Use of Citizenship: Identity Opportunity and Risk /Anna Tsalapatanis -- Migrating Rights /Laurie Berg -- Asian Democracy and the Problem of Membership: Rules of Exception and 'Legitimate' Discrimination against Migrants in South Korea /Sohoon Lee -- Expanding the Citizen in Multicultural Policymaking /Rimi Khan -- Universalising Citizenship as Identity? Identity Liberalism and the Paradox of Universalism /Francis Luong -- Expanding Citizenship: Expanding Our Understanding /Mitra Gusheh and Anna Powell -- Teaching and Learning Citizenship: From the Margins to the Centre /Ingrid Matthews -- 'The Kids Are Alright, It's Just Youth in Trouble': Re-Thinking Civic Competence through a Presence Model of Youth Citizenship Identity /Jennifer Upchurch -- Environment and Citizenship: Rethinking What It Means to Be a Citizen in the 21st Century /Benito Cao -- Environmental Citizenship: A Case Study of the Global Young Greens /Alex Surace and Amy Tyler -- Practicing an Individual Ethics of Sustainability /Chris Riedy -- Engagement and Citizenship: Universities in the Contemporary World /James Arvanitakis and Bob Hodge -- An Open Source Project for Politics: Visions of Democracy and Citizenship in American Pirate Parties /Martin Fredriksson -- A 21st Century Citizen in a Brave New Republic /Spike Boydell -- The 21st Century Citizen and Beyond /Ingrid Matthews and James Arvanitakis.

How can schools and the school curriculum contribute to building democratic citizens? This is a major question posed by governments, educational systems, schools, teachers and researchers around the world. One important way is to identify the competences needed for preparing democratic citizens and incorporate these within both the formal and informal school curriculum. Another question must then be posed- what competences do young citizens need to be considered as active and engaged in modern democracies? In 2011 an invited research symposium of leading civic and political educators, and social scientists from across Europe met in Hannover, Germany to consider this key concern facing Europe today. In examining the above questions the symposium addressed two significant issues: 1. Identify key competencies required for active citizenship of young people in Europe of the future. 2. Translate those competencies to school-based activities in the form of curricular and pedagogical strategies. The publication Civic Education and Competences for Engaging Citizens in Democracies addressed the first issue and this volume addresses the second issue. Through discussion in the invited symposium, previously prepared papers, and participation in a modified Delphi Technique the participants have prepared chapters for this book. The chapters of this book represent the contribution of the participants before, during and after the symposium with opportunities for review and reflection about competences for democratic citizenship and the role of schools and the curriculum. Murray Print and Dirk Lange are professors from the University of Sydney and Leibniz University of Hannover respectively and are national leaders in civics and citizenship education in their respective countries. They have brought together a group of leading European civic and citizenship educators from different academic fields to explore the key issue and to identify the competences for young people to become active and engaged European citizens

Citizens and Politics: Perspectives from Political Psychology brings together some of the research on citizen decision making. It addresses the questions of citizen political competence from different political psychology perspectives. Some of the authors in this volume look to affect and emotions to determine how people reach political judgements, others to human cognition and reasoning. Still others focus on perceptions or basic political attitudes such as political ideology. Several demonstrate the impact of values on policy preferences. The collection features chapters from some of the most talented political scientists in the field

"The Progressive government movement reined in corporate trusts and improved the lives of sweatshop workers. It created modern government, from the Federal Reserve to the nation's budgetary and civil service policies. Ask any American today and they will tell you how our government has hit a wall with profound implications. Trust in government is low, and the success of its programs. Instead of a focus on governmental effectiveness, the movement became known for governmental size. Both political parties contributed to the decline of the Progressive ideal, helping feed the gridlock and create a government that does not work the way citizens deserve. Donald Kettl argues for a rebirth of the Progressive spirit with a dedication to making the government work better. He outlines the problems in today's government, including political pressures, proxy tools, and capacity for management. Government Reclaimed details the strategies, evidence and people necessary to strengthen governmental effectiveness and shut down the gridlock"--

"Democracy should enable citizens to play an informed role in determining how power is exercised for their common wellbeing, but this only works if people have the understanding, skills and confidence to engage effectively in public affairs. Otherwise, any voting system can be subverted to serve the interests of propagandists and demagogues. This book brings together leading experts on learning for democracy to explore why and how the gap in civic competence should be bridged. Drawing on research findings and case examples from the UK, the US and elsewhere, it will set out why change is necessary, what could be taught differently to ensure effective political engagement, and how a lasting impact in improving citizens' learning for democratic participation can be made."--

Contents: Maria Stoicheva and Lorna Carson – Introduction – Penka Hristova, Daniela Modrescu, Dilyana Pavlova/Lorna Carson: European multilingual cities and their citizens: Research perspectives – Piero Ianniello: Linguistic and cultural diversity in Italy: The case of the city of Prato – Jingjing Li: Towards urban inclusion: The case of an urban borderland – Plamena Zayachka – Identity and community: The heritage community of Plovdiv – Denitza Gencheva: The virtual multilingual city – Vihren Evgeniev Mitev: Development of a philosophical-anthropological concept of personality – Yacine Chemssi: Language and identity: The case of some Moroccan immigrants and their direct descendants in post-war France – Bronagh Ćatibušić: Syrian refugee resettlement in Ireland: Language, cultural identity and diversity in host communities beyond the metropolis – Kathleen McTiernan, Aoife Parkes/Lorna Carson: Multilingual practices in primary education in Europe: A scoping review – Desislava Karaasenova: Transnational academic mobility: The experience of Bulgarian Fulbright scholars – Nikolina Tsvetkova/Nadya Birezhakli: The role of language in doctoral training in the European Higher Education Area – Tanya Borisova: English-medium instruction and socio-cultural competence development in high schools in Bulgaria – Maria Metodieva Genova: Building skills for understanding literary texts through multicultural competence – Dominika Cevárová: Increasing nationalistic tendencies in Europe's political systems: A threat to the EU? –Barbora Hrozenská: The Kurdish minority: A factor influencing Turkey's migration policy? – Nikolay Yanev: Language in the institutional formation of the EU: ‹Protecting financial interests› as a history of a narrative.

This book provides insights on skills required to achieve success in smart cities from a variety of industry and human factors perspectives. It emphasizes the balance between learning skills, technical skills, and domain-specific skills in these industries, with special emphasis given to innovative software development models. The authors note that digital transformation requires complementary measures that are not overtly aimed to support infrastructure investment but are instead directed at promoting entrepreneurship, improving digital skills, engaging citizens, applying new transformation strategies, and developing innovative software. All of the above are considered strategically important, especially for medium-sized cities since that enable them to be more competitive in the global economy

1: Policy Capacity: Conceptual Framework and Essential Components; Wu Xun, M Ramesh and Michael Howlett -- Part I -- Conceptual and Measurement Issues -- 2: Policy Capacity in Public Administration; B. Guy Peters -- 3: Policy Analytical Capacity: The Supply and Demand for Policy Analysis in Government; Michael Howlett -- 4: Measuring Policy Capacity through Governance Indices; Kris Hartley and Jingru Zhang -- 5: Measuring Policy Analytical Capacity for the Environment: A Case for Engaging New Actors; Angel Hsu -- Part II -- Theoretical and Empirical Issues -- 6: Innovation and the State: Towards an Evolutionary Theory of State Capacity; Erkki Karo and Reiner Kattel -- 7: The Role of Analysts in Public Agencies: Toward an Empirically Grounded Typology; Karol Olejniczak, Paweł Śliwowski and Rafał Trzciński -- 8: Policy Analytical Practice Investigated: Exploring Sectoral Patterns in Use of Policy Analytical Techniques; Ellen Fobé, Valerie Pattyn and Marleen Brans -- 9: Government's Credible Accountability and Strategic Policy Capacity: Evidence from the Asian NICs of Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore; Fiona Yap -- 10: Does Political Legitimacy Matter for Policy Capacity? A Cross-National Study of Perceived Legitimacy; Honorata Mazepus -- 11: Interest Groups and Policy Capacity: Modes of Engagement, Policy Goods and Networks; Carsten Daugbjerg, Bert Fraussen and Darren Halpin -- Part III -- Case Studies -- 12: Building Organizational Political Capacity through Policy Learning: Communicating with Citizens on Health and Safety in the UK; Claire A. Dunlop -- 13: Exploring Capacity for Strategic Policy Work: Water Policy in Australia; Yvette Bettini and Brian Head -- 14: Philanthropic Foundations in the City Policy Process: a Perspective on Policy Capacity from the United States; Madeleine Pill -- 15: Policy Capacity within a Federation: The Case of Australia; Scott Brenton -- 16: Dynamic Mechanisms for Resolving Collective Incidents in China: A Policy Capacity Analysis; Jieren Hu, Guoqin Wang and Jingyan Fei -- 17: Policy-Related Expertise and Policy Work in Czech Political Parties: Theory and Methods; Martin Polasek, Vilém Novotny, and Michel Perottino -- 18: The Dynamic Nature of Policy Capacity: Internet Policy in Italy, Belarus and Russia; Nina Belyaeva.