Suchergebnisse

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the ways of obtaining several citizenships as a result of investing or acquiring real estate or assets of national enterprises. The paper gives a classification of countries that provide such opportunity depending on the procedure for obtaining citizenship: whether it occurs immediately after making an investment or obtaining a residence permit and the possibility of the subsequent entry into citizenship after a certain period of time. In the article, these two groups of countries are considered by examples of Dominica, Malta, Cyprus, the United States and Bulgaria. The author emphasizes that the possibility of obtaining several nationalities should be regulated by the national legislation of each country separately. Therefore, the article also gives the position of the Ukrainian legislator on this issue. The paper identifies the main features of citizenship as a legal category, examines its content, as well as defines the main obligations assumed by each other individual and state as a result of the existence of such a legal relationship as citizenship between them. It is also proposed to consider the advantages and disadvantages both for a person seeking two or more citizenships, and for the state of its primary citizenship and the state which grants her second citizenship. The author makes the conclusion that multiple citizenship is an advantage for an individual as a result of expanding his capabilities in different spheres of activity, but the state of primary citizenship suffers only losses in the form of emigration of talented people and the leakage of capital beyond the state.

У цій статті проаналізоване українське законодавство про громадянство 1918, 1991 та 2001 років на предмет правового регламентування відносин людини, суспільства і держави, збереження єдності комплексу «людина-суспільство-держава» в його перманентному розвитку і цивілізаційних трансформаціях, як найкомфортнішого та найбажанішого для кожної людини. Особлива увага звертається на основні елементи законодавчого регламентування громадянства, визначення сутності та правової природи цього конституційно-правового інституту ; In this paper we'd compare Ukrainian nationality laws of 1918, 1991 and 2001 and demonstrate trajectory of Ukrainian citizenship legislation. As we know modern correct application of citizenship issues is a very important tension in frames of such triangle: person – society – state. We should note that till now there are a lot of discussions on this issue in order to determine possible strong ideological baggage, package of rights and duties and full membership in a state (features of citizenship) from everyday and personal complexity of social interaction.Obviously, citizenship is a personal question of constitutional matters, therefore we emphasize that it is not only a philosophic or sociological issue, but also a legal one, mainly because of its primary essence which is purely related to legal (constitutional) matters. Therefore, we are sure that a research of citizenship concept' sources, deep analysis of its evolution and interconnection with state development deserves an additional attempt to study being one of the main modern European humanitarian standards and playing a prior role in personal self-consciousness and self-determination. That is why, the main citizenship markers we analyze in this paper are the followings: citizenship concept in the view of Nottebohm case 1955, principles of person's acquisition of citizenship by birth (jus sanguinis and jus soli), dual (multiple) citizenship, modes of its acquisition (naturalization, by marriage, by option or transfer, by investment) and its loss

У цій статті проаналізоване українське законодавство про громадянство 1918, 1991 та 2001 років на предмет правового регламентування відносин людини, суспільства і держави, збереження єдності комплексу «людина-суспільство-держава» в його перманентному розвитку і цивілізаційних трансформаціях, як найкомфортнішого та найбажанішого для кожної людини. Особлива увага звертається на основні елементи законодавчого регламентування громадянства, визначення сутності та правової природи цього конституційно-правового інституту ; In this paper we'd compare Ukrainian nationality laws of 1918, 1991 and 2001 and demonstrate trajectory of Ukrainian citizenship legislation. As we know modern correct application of citizenship issues is a very important tension in frames of such triangle: person – society – state. We should note that till now there are a lot of discussions on this issue in order to determine possible strong ideological baggage, package of rights and duties and full membership in a state (features of citizenship) from everyday and personal complexity of social interaction.Obviously, citizenship is a personal question of constitutional matters, therefore we emphasize that it is not only a philosophic or sociological issue, but also a legal one, mainly because of its primary essence which is purely related to legal (constitutional) matters. Therefore, we are sure that a research of citizenship concept' sources, deep analysis of its evolution and interconnection with state development deserves an additional attempt to study being one of the main modern European humanitarian standards and playing a prior role in personal self-consciousness and self-determination. That is why, the main citizenship markers we analyze in this paper are the followings: citizenship concept in the view of Nottebohm case 1955, principles of person's acquisition of citizenship by birth (jus sanguinis and jus soli), dual (multiple) citizenship, modes of its acquisition (naturalization, by marriage, by option or transfer, by investment) and its loss

Problem setting. Although modern humanity has proclaimed the universality of human dignity and desperately upholds this value, which is fully in harmony with freedom, equality andfraternity, the truth is that in reality it has not yet been able to go beyond the status of a citizen of the nation state in its legal and political conventions. . In this sense, a very important issue is the representation of the real situation around the categories of «universal citizenship», «human rights» and «globalization» in the midst of the geopolitical conflict in Latin America caused by the persecution of 21st century socialism. Paper objective. This critical essay aims to discuss the real significance of such political and legal categories as «universal citizenship», «human rights» and «globalization» in the midst of the geopolitical conflict that led to the persecution of 21st century socialism in Latin America. Methodology. The methodologicalfield of the research uses documentary observation and dialectical hermeneutics, which help to compare and reconcile categories with different semantic contexts to reconstruct their true meaning. The technique of writing this research was the methodological procedure of the hermeneutic circle, which is a sequential analysis of numerous written documentary sources, combined in a kind of dialogic context with hidden messages that can be read between the lines, as well as interpretive theories and critical thinking. Paper main body. There is much in common between the contemporary political and philosophical programs of the Western cultural space, ofwhich Latin Americans are a part, and the ideas of universal citizenship, globalization, and human rights in a spirit of deep militant universalism that function fully today not only as abstract theories at the disposal of peoples and nations who continue to work to improve their living conditions and strengthen their freedom to exist and act in a better world. As for the tradition of human rights as a modern expression of natural law, it ...

The article is devoted to the problem of legislative regulation of dual citizenship in Ukraine, as well as the analysis of foreign experience of bipatrism. The article argues that the issue of dual citizenship is extremely relevant for Ukraine today, as the number of people receiving foreign citizenship is increasing every day. The experience of foreign countries in the settlement of dual citizenship is analyzed. There is a variety of approaches in the scientific community to the assessment of dual citizenship:opponents say the threat to national security, as most of the population of some regions of Ukraine may become foreign nationals, while supporters see the positive impact of this institution that it will unite Ukrainians, who under certain circumstances live outside the territory of Ukraine, will promote Ukraine's European integration, improve the legal and social protection of Ukrainian citizens abroad. It was found out that in Ukraine the principle of a single citizenship is conditioned by the unitary character of our state and consists in the fact that the possibility of the existence of citizenship of administrative-territorial units is excluded. The reasons for the introduction of dual citizenship have been identified, including the simplification of the procedure for traveling abroad, expanding the range of opportunities in education, employment and doing business in foreign countries. In the context of the prospects of dual citizenship in Ukraine, it is proposed to provide for legal liability for violation of the Law of Ukraine "On Citizenship of Ukraine" in terms of dual citizenship exclusively to officials and officials of strategic importance to Ukraine. It is noted that despite the fact that there are a large number of preconditions for the official consolidation of dual citizenship in Ukraine, it should not be rushed due to political instability within the country and in its relations with some countries. ; Статтю присвячено проблемі законодавчого врегулювання подвійного громадянства в Україні, а також аналізу зарубіжного досвіду біпатризму. У статті доводиться, що питання подвійного громадянства є сьогодні надзвичайно актуальним для України, оскільки з кожним днем збільшується кількість осіб, які отримують громадянство іноземних держав. Проаналізовано досвід зарубіжних країн у частині врегулювання подвійного громадянства. Виявлено різнобічність підходів у науковому колі до оцінки подвійного громадянства: противники говорять про загрозу національній безпеці держави, оскільки велика частина населення окремих регіонів України може стати громадянами іноземних держав, натомість прихильники, навпаки, вбачають позитивний вплив цього інституту тим, що він дасть змогу об'єднати українців, які за певних обставин проживають за межами території України, сприятиме євроінтеграції України, поліпшить правовий і соціальний захист громадян України за кордоном. З'ясовано, що в Україні принцип єдиного громадянства зумовлений унітарним характером нашої держави і полягає в тому, що виключається можливість існування громадянства адміністративно-територіальних одиниць. Встановлено причини запровадження подвійного громадянства, серед яких: спрощення порядку виїзду за кордон, розширення кола можливостей у навчанні, працевлаштуванні та веденні бізнесу в зарубіжних країнах. У контексті перспектив існування подвійного громадянства в Україні запропоновано передбачити юридичну відповідальність за порушення вимог Закону України «Про громадянство України» в частині подвійного громадянства виключно до службових і посадових осіб, які мають стратегічне значення для України. Зазначено, що попри те, що існує велика кількість передумов для закріплення на офіційному рівні подвійного громадянства в Україні, не варто поспішати з цим через політичну нестабільність усередині країни та в її відносинах з деякими державами.

Розкрито сутність давньогрецької концепції громадянства та представлено короткий огляд історії її становлення у Стародавніх Афінах. Окреслено специфіку обов'язків громадян як основи громадянства в афінському полісі. ; Раскрыта сущность древнегреческой концепции гражданства и представлен краткий обзор истории ее становления в Древних Афинах. Определена специфика обязанностей граждан как основы гражданства в афинском полисе. ; The essence of Ancient Greek concept of citizenship and a brief overview of the history of its development in ancient Athens are presented. The reforms of Solon, Cleisthenes, and Pericles are highlighted as such that destroyed primordial loyalties on the basis of bloodlines and created a new form of belonging – to a territorial political entity, the city-state. Citizenship in a Greek polis became the prerequisite for individual liberty, yet for a rather limited group, excluding women, children, slaves, and metics.It is emphasized that the citizenship for Ancient Athenians directly concerned the idea of duties as opposed to citizenship as a right or a privilege. Peculiarities of Greek conception of correlation of private and public life are discussed. Particular duties of Athenian citizens – domestic, political, judicial, financial, providing grain for the city, not leaving the city in a time of crisis, and religious – are described in details.Domestic duties included respecting elders, taking good care of own family, and having legitimate children, eligible for becoming citizens in the future. Key duty in the sphere of politics was to take active part in democratic institutions of Ancient Athens. It involved both attendance of public assemblies and holding political office. Judicial duties were inseparable from political, and Athenian citizens were obliged to serve as jurors, prosecutors, or defense attorneys.Since in Ancient Athens direct taxation was considered incompatible with the idea of civic liberty, Athenians instead bore certain financial duties. Some taxes, for instance, the import levy, were still paid but they were less significant than liturgies – special contributions from the wealthy citizens for concrete public causes. Liturgies were used for various festivals, sport events, public feasts etc. Military liturgy, called trierarchy, was used to maintain Athenian fleet – rich Athenians were expected to equip ships and finance their upkeep for a certain period of time.Religious duties included having hiera patria – tombs of the family – and preserving them in proper conditions.Finally, wealthy Athenians had to feed the city when needed and all citizens were expected to remain in the polis in case of crisis.Greek concept of citizenship is often criticized for being exclusive and focused on duties as opposed to rights. Yet, the Greeks were the first to introduce the idea of belonging to a territorial unit versus blood and kinship identity.Therefore Ancient Athenian citizenship can be considered a first major step forward towards citizenship as we know it today.

The article reveals the essence of the formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers, clarifies and agrees on the concepts of "formation", "personality formation", "socialization", "civic education", "citizenship", "formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers". The definition of the term "formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers" as a purposeful process of formation and development of integrative personality's quality, which is a morally determined preparation for functioning and interaction in a democratic society; formation of qualities that determine the conscious performance of civic duties and debt to the state; the process of preparing students for the use of civil rights and freedoms, observance and respect for the law, the implementation of responsibilities, awareness of responsibility for their political and moral choices, to the maximum use of their abilities; to self-development, self-realization and self-actualization in order to achieve success in life. We consider the formation of citizenship in future foreign language teacher as a social phenomenon of complex construction with its inherent structure, as a system and as a result that includes training (transfer of legal knowledge about society and the state); development of civic qualities (responsibility, patriotism, tolerance, diligence, empathy, etc.); creation of social conditions (participation in elections, protection and defence of their rights, conscientious performance of duties, use of will for the benefit of themselves and others, etc.); implementation of moral and volitional attitude to the creative transformation of the social environment. It is established that forming the citizenship of future foreign language teachers in the educational process of freelance education, it is necessary to rely not only on their theoretical citizenship training but also actively, although on a voluntary basis, to include them in various socially useful activities (volunteer work, participation in the election campaign, patronage of orphanages, boarding schools, homes for the disabled, search teams, etc.). The level of citizenship is manifested in participation in patriotic events, knowledge and observance of socio-cultural traditions, respect for the historical past, present and future of their country and their people, the desire to defend their homeland, work not only to meet their needs but also its prosperity. ; У статті розкрито сутність формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови, уточнено та узгоджено поняття «формування», «формування особистості», «соціалізація», «громадянське виховання», «громадянськість», «формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови». Формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови розглядається нами як соціальне явище складної конструкції з властивою йому структурою, як система і як результат, що включає навчання; розвиток громадянських якостей; створення соціальних умов; здійснення морально-вольової настроєності на творче перетворення соціального середовища.

The article reveals the essence of the formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers, clarifies and agrees on the concepts of "formation", "personality formation", "socialization", "civic education", "citizenship", "formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers". The definition of the term "formation of citizenship in future foreign language teachers" as a purposeful process of formation and development of integrative personality's quality, which is a morally determined preparation for functioning and interaction in a democratic society; formation of qualities that determine the conscious performance of civic duties and debt to the state; the process of preparing students for the use of civil rights and freedoms, observance and respect for the law, the implementation of responsibilities, awareness of responsibility for their political and moral choices, to the maximum use of their abilities; to self-development, self-realization and self-actualization in order to achieve success in life. We consider the formation of citizenship in future foreign language teacher as a social phenomenon of complex construction with its inherent structure, as a system and as a result that includes training (transfer of legal knowledge about society and the state); development of civic qualities (responsibility, patriotism, tolerance, diligence, empathy, etc.); creation of social conditions (participation in elections, protection and defence of their rights, conscientious performance of duties, use of will for the benefit of themselves and others, etc.); implementation of moral and volitional attitude to the creative transformation of the social environment. It is established that forming the citizenship of future foreign language teachers in the educational process of freelance education, it is necessary to rely not only on their theoretical citizenship training but also actively, although on a voluntary basis, to include them in various socially useful activities (volunteer work, participation in the election campaign, patronage of orphanages, boarding schools, homes for the disabled, search teams, etc.). The level of citizenship is manifested in participation in patriotic events, knowledge and observance of socio-cultural traditions, respect for the historical past, present and future of their country and their people, the desire to defend their homeland, work not only to meet their needs but also its prosperity. ; У статті розкрито сутність формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови, уточнено та узгоджено поняття «формування», «формування особистості», «соціалізація», «громадянське виховання», «громадянськість», «формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови». Формування громадянськості у майбутніх учителів іноземної мови розглядається нами як соціальне явище складної конструкції з властивою йому структурою, як система і як результат, що включає навчання; розвиток громадянських якостей; створення соціальних умов; здійснення морально-вольової настроєності на творче перетворення соціального середовища.

This article deals with the institute of citizenship which is a key element of the legal status of an individual through which the basic human rights are realized. The author considers the correlation between civil and political human rights which are considering as interdependent types of human rights. German and Ukrainian legal literature on the subject of the paper is examined and features of the citizenship of the European Union are analyzed. Basic human rights are studied in the German legal doctrine. Basic human rights are realized through the legal status of a natural person as a subject of such rights. According to the natural-rights approach it is traditionally believed that basic human rights are the bearer of rights from nature. By the way, the state does not have a direct need to normative consolidation of such rights. Recognition of the basic rights by the state in modern conditions is one of the elements of the guarantee of human rights in a democracy. The author highlights the legal status of a natural person who influences the realization of human rights. The legal status of the natural person involves various elements. One of the elements of the legal status of the natural person is the institution of citizenship. The article concludes that citizenship is a legal status of the natural person who can realize the complex human rights.

The article is devoted to a very important problem in the modern world – the influence of multicultural factors on political, cultural, social, legal processes, which are marked by the development of globalization, namely, a significant increase in the scale of international migration of the population and the transformation systems of national states. The authors of the article consider political and philosophical approaches to the contradictions of multiculturalism; focus on analyzing the concept of multiculturalism in the gender issue that exists today. Referring to the studies of foreign authors, the question of how the liberal-democratic culture is connected, namely, in the USA, its forms and interaction with the traditions, norms, customs, and the right of those immigrants who came to live in this country and profess other cultural values, is considered. Using the example of gender policy, the authors analyze the essential contradictions that Western civilization faces, namely, in the legal field, regarding the perception of traditions and customs on which the culture of immigrants is based, which requires listening and adhering to their cultures, traditions of those countries, regions from which they came. Such a multicultural revolution, that is how it can be called, the confrontation of different cultural civilizations leads, as noted by foreign authors, to multicultural schizophrenia, which is especially clearly seen in the example of gender issues and their resolution. The philosophical argument expressed by the authors of the article is inclined in favor of a conciliatory democracy. ; Стаття присвячена надзвичайно важливій у сучасному світі проблемі – впливу мультикультурних факторів на політичні, культурні, соціальні,юридичні процеси, яка зумовлена розвитком глобалізації, зокрема значним збільшенням масштабів міжнародної міграції населення та трансформаційній системі національних держав. Автори статті розглядають політичні і філософські підходи щодо протиріч мультикультуралізму. В кожному з них приділяється увага потенціальному конфлікту між претензіями на культурну виключність та нормами загальних прав людини; концентрують свою увагу на аналізі концепції мультикультуралізму в гендерному питанні, яка на сьогодні дуже поширена, та спираючись на зарубіжні дослідження, розглядають, як саме пов'язується традиційна ліберально-демократична культура, зокрема в США, її форми ї взаємодії з традиціями, нормами, звичаями, правом тих мігрантів, які отаборилися в західному світі; автори на прикладі гендерної політики, яка існує в США, аналізують суттєві протиріччя, з якими стикається західна цивілізація, зокрема в правовому полі, щодо сприйняття традицій і звичаїв, на яких базується культура мігрантів, яка вимагає прислуховуватися і дотримуватися їх культури, традицій, звичаїв країн, з яких вони приїхали. Філософська аргументація, яку висловлюють автори статті, схиляється на користь узгоджувальної демократії. Така мультикультурна революція, а саме так це можна назвати, зіткнення різних культурних цивілізацій, приводить до мультикультурної шизофренії, що дуже добре прослідковується в гендерних питаннях та їх вирішенні.

In today's globalized world, the issue of active citizenship is gaining relief, becoming an essential determinant of the nature of civilizational progress. The study examines the possibilities of modern education to develop civic activism. The underestimated potential of lifelong learning as a tool for the development of active citizens has been identified, including opportunities for the development of older citizens. We have demonstrated the potential of the neoliberal model of active citizenship as one that corresponds to the current state of civilizational development, at the heart of which is a person who is aware of his political rights and responsibilities in a multicultural world. It was shown that lifelong learning, the enduring educational trajectory of the individual, should be a practice of developing democratic values and principles of active citizenship, developing skills in working with sources of information, initiative, responsibility, knowledge of social principles, and the role of citizens in it, etc. The article carries out a historical and philosophical reconstruction of views on the issue of active citizenship. The dynamics of the content of the above concept are demonstrated. It was possible to outline methodological guidelines that allow interpreting active citizenship as an educational ideal, based on some modern methodological positions (lifelong learning, etc.). The study demonstrates the shortcomings of the methodological position, according to which the competence of active citizenship, for the most part, is the result of educational influence in the system of secondary and higher education. Possibilities of the fruitful combination of formal and non-formal education in the development of active citizenship are demonstrated. The symbiosis allows providing the necessary praxeological dimension (combination of theory and practice of active citizenship) to the processes of becoming an active citizen in the current challenges of civilization. ; У сучасному глобалізованому світі проблематика активного громадянства набуває рельєфності, постаючи важливою детермінантою природи цивілізаційного поступу. У дослідженні розглянуто можливості сучасної освіти щодо розвитку громадянської активності. Виявлено недооцінений потенціал навчання в продовж життя як інструменту розвитку активних громадян, в тому числі, можливості розвитку літніх громадян. Вдалося продемонструвати потенціал неоліберальної моделі активного громадянства як такої, що відповідає сучасному стану цивілізаційного розвитку, в центрі якої знаходиться людина, свідома щодо свої політичних прав та обов'язків у мультикультурному світі. Було показано, що освіта впродовж життя, наскрізна освітня траєкторія особистості має виступати практикою розвитку демократичних ціннісних настанов та принципів активного громадянства, формуючи навички роботи із джерелами інформації, ініціативність, відповідальність, знання щодо принципів соціального устрою та ролі громадянина у ньому тощо. У статті здійснено історико-філософську реконструкцію поглядів на проблематику активного громадянства, в результаті якої продемонстрована динаміка змістовного наповнення вищезгаданого концепту. Вдалося окреслити методологічні орієнтири, які дозволяють інтерпретувати активне громадянство як освітній ідеал, виходячи із низки сучасних методологічних позицій (навчання впродовж життя тощо). У досліджені продемонстровані вади методологічної позиції, відповідно до якої компетентності активного громадянства, здебільшого, є результатом освітнього впливу у системі загальноосвітньої та вищої школи. Продемонстровано можливості плідного поєднання формальної та неформальної освіти у розвитку активного громадянства, симбіоз яких дозволяє забезпечити необхідний праксеологічний вимір (поєднання теорії та практики активного громадянства) процесам становлення активного громадянина в умовах поточних викликів цивілізаційного розвитку.

In the context of globalization citizenship education issues are re-emerging in the international scope, including the discussion of the citizenship education concept and the role and goal formulations of citizenship education. The problem of political education has recently become increasingly important. For example, against the background of difficult political events in Ukraine over the past two decades, it becomes clear that maintaining and developing democracy requires critical citizens of society who understand the prospects of a democratic system for the country. In order to understand current socio-political problems, it is first necessary to analyze a critical analysis of historical, political and socio-cultural developments in a society. The article was created as a part of the research project "Implications of global developments on job-related ideas of teacher training students in Austria and Ukraine" of the University College of Teacher Education Vienna, the TNPU and WUNU. The contribution of this article to the aim of the research project is therefore to compare the citizenship education system in Ukraine and Austria and their respective historical development in order to draw the conclusions for teacher training. This contribution is closely connected with an international current discourse on central concepts of citizenship education. The article deals with the history of the citizenship education in Ukraine and Austria, shows the current state of development of this educational area and presents the results of the curriculum analysis of the pedagogical universities with regard to the implementation of political education in the context of globalization. The results of the work can help theorists and practitioners to understand the challenges of citizenship education in times of globalization. ; Світові процеси глобалізації вимагають нового підходу до розгляду питання громадянської освіти в міжнародному контексті, включаючи обговорення концепції, формулювання ролі і мети громадянської освіти. На ...

Abstract: Usually state policy demonstrates a motivational disposition of citizenship focused on modern constitutional values; precise level of citizens' legal self-consciousness; geopolitical, social and economic, demographic development of society and its particular place on the international arena.In this paper I analyze merely the concept of nationality, its essence and legal nature, main modes of the acquisition of nationality. Specifically here the author tries to justify right of option and transfer of citizenship being related to acquisition of nationality based on state succession and territorial changes, however, till now there are a lot of discussions on this issue in order to determine possible strong ideological baggage, package of rights and duties and full membership in a state (features of citizenship) from everyday and personal complexity of social interaction (features of self-identity).During last century concepts of citizenship and nodes of it acquisition were very popular especially among sociologists (D. Beland, L. Jamieson, T. H. Marshall, S. Sassen, Ch. Tilly and B. S. Turner). In majority they concentrated on issues of self-awareness, self-definition and self-consciousness because those features help to discover self-identity as a fundamental concept of selfhood. During the last 10 years a lot of scientists worldwide (D. Abraham, R. Bauboeck, S. Carrera, G.-R. De Groot, J. Habermas, Ch. Joppke, W. Kymlicka, M. La Torre, H. Schneider, A. Shachar, J. Shaw, J.H.H. Weiler etc.) analyzed in their scientific researches a legal concept of citizenship which plays an essential role in constitutional determination of personal identity of a citizen.In order to discuss citizenship-identity interrelation we need to remember that citizenship is not only political, economic, cultural, geographic and social personal identity, but also a legal (constitutional one) and national collective identity, which usually determine «people's legal relationship and effective link to a state».Separate information I'd like to provide in order to demonstrate that question of citizenship as a primary legal aspect of self-identity stays in Ukraine pretty sharp being a special qualified feature of the interrelations between a person, state and society. That is a basic reason why we consider citizenship in this multicultural, multi-religious and multinational country to depend, firstly, on the level of state's legal, geopolitical, socio-economic and demographic development; secondly, on geographical and historical definition and thirdly, on level of civil society participation in citizen's everyday life. It must be not just self-labeling, but concrete example of self-awareness, self-definition and self-consciousness of all Ukrainians.Looking precisely on our modern life from the legal perspective and keeping in mind new trends in modern Ukrainian policy development we and our politicians need to have a conscious sense of state loyalty in order to protect national security and to restore Ukrainian national identity. In this context currently citizenship really is an incredible important issue in Ukraine! ; У статті йдеться про концепцію громадянства, сутність, правову природу та основні способи його набуття. Особливу увагу звернено на оптацію та трансферт як форми набуття громадянства, безпосередньо пов'язані з правонаступництвом держав та терито­ріальними змінами.

Анотація. У статті розглядаються правові підстави, історико-правові передумови та особливості формування інституту громадянства держави Ватикан, розглядаються особливості набуття статусу громадянства та його припинення (втрати), аналізуються правові норми законодавства, що регулюють інститут громадянства Ватикану. Встановлено, що практично все населення Ватикану — піддані Святого Престолу (підданства Ватикану не існує), що мають паспорт (даний паспорт володіє дипломатичним статусом Святого Престолу, вказує на приналежність до мешканців Апостольської Столиці (Ватикану) і видається Державним Секретаріатом) і є служителями Католицької Церкви. Автором досліджено саме поняття громадянства та його значення в міжнародній правовій доктрині. Проаналізовано ряд наукових праць вчених, які, зокрема досліджували питання виникнення інституту громадянства, в тому числі у місті-державі Ватикан. Також в дослідженні встановлено, що громадянство Ватикану має особливий статус, який не притаманний для більшості держав світу, та описується перелік посад, перебуваючи на яких особа автоматично отримує громадянство міста-держави Ватикан. Abstract. Legal grounds, historical and legal preconditions and peculiarities of formation of the institute of citizenship in Vatican state, peculiarities of acquisition of the citizenship status and its termination (loss) are considered in the article; legal norms of legislation regulating the institute of citizenship in Vatican are analyzed. It is established that practically all Vatican's population is represented by the subjects of the Holy See (Vatican allegiance does not exist) who have a passport (the passport has a diplomatic status of the Holy See and indicates to the Apostolic Capital (Vatican) residents allegiance and is issued by the Secretariat of State) and who are the ministers of the Catholic Church. The notion of a citizenship and its significance in the international legal doctrine are investigated by the author. A range of scientific papers of scientists, who particularly studied the ...

Мета статті є висвітлення практичного досвіду вищої школи США з виховання громадянськості студентів бакалаврату. Методи дослідження: критичний аналіз науково-педагогічної літератури США з проблеми виховання громадянськості американських студентів; елементи індукції та дедукції для характеристики стану розробленості у США досліджуваної проблеми; узагальнення американського педагогічного досвіду у сфері виховання громадянськості студентів бакалаврату. Розглянуто особливості використання проблемного й пошуково-дослідницького навчання під час вивчення курсів гуманітарного спрямування з метою виховання громадянськості студентів американських університетів і коледжів. Окреслено перспективу подальших розвідок у цьому напрямі, що передбачаю вивчення особливостей навчання студентів бакалаврату у вищій школі США суспільно корисного служіння на благо громади. ; The purpose of the article is to highlight the practical experience of the U.S. higher education institutions in fostering the citizenship of undergraduate students. Methods of research: critical analysis of the U.S. scholarly and pedagogical literature on the issue of the study, with elements of induction and deduction to characterize the state of its development in the USA; generalization of American pedagogical experience in the field of civic education at the undergraduate level. It is considered that civic education is a central concept in the U.S. educational philosophy, serving as the basis for the country's democracy as well as intellectual and democratic traditions, linking the modern era with the history of the U.S. state. Citizenship education in U.S. higher education institutions also encompasses the students' perception of the civil and political rights recognized by the national constitution of the country concerned. It is emphasized that education for citizenship promotes formation of students' independent critical thinking and responsibility in all spheres of life. The peculiarities of problem-based and experiential learning during the courses in the liberal arts with the aim of forming the citizenship of undergraduate students are considered. The use of problem-based and experiential learning in the civic education process in the U.S. higher education institutions contributes to fostering students' core values of democracy, embodied in the sense of civic responsibility and active participation in the life of society in general and community in particular. This type of education in a certain way prepares students for the challenges of modern world by enhancing their self-responsibility for the benefit of the community as well as soft skills necessary to succeed in different spheres of their life. The U.S. colleges and universities not only form the citizenship of students, but also act as leaders in democratic transformations at the level of communities and even the world at large. This process encompasses not only knowledge, skills and abilities, but also the acquired practical experience of socially significant activities, methods and techniques of effective interaction with other people. The scope of further research in this direction is outlined, envisaging the study of the peculiarities of the U.S. undergraduate students' community-based learning.