The advent of peace in Angola, in 2002, had nurtured the hope that the end of the civil war would contribute to a greater democratic pluralism and more civil liberties. The present paper argues that Jose Eduardo dos Santos' government reinforced control over all aspects related to the social, economic and political life of the country. Although the September 2008 elections were regarded as "credible and transparent" by international observers, MPLA's victory was anything but surprising. The paper outlines the government's electoral strategies during the process of voter registration in 2007, and basically shows how the governmental authority works and the state spreads its control over the organizations of civil society. Adapted from the source document.
The impediment of individuals affected by mental illness at risk of suicide is well justified. But the impediment to rational suicide is complicated by the conflict between defending life and defending autonomy, as illustrated by the various philosophical approaches to the ethical dimension of suicide. In this article we argue that, insofar as punctual in nature and limited in scope, paternalistic intervention of the autonomous individual is also justified. To do so, we will use the distinction between shallow and deep autonomy, as well as complicating factors from recent medical literature: the question of ambivalence and the cry for help model. We will also pay special attention to the ethical implications of new strategies for risk detection that use artificial intelligence applied to social network databases like Facebook. Although preliminary evidence suggests these are effective tools, their lack of transparency, regulation and consent puts civil liberties and rights at risk.
[ES] Esta Tesis, titulada "Los Derechos de Libertad Sindical de los Servidores de la Policía Civil Brasileña", tiene como objetivo central analizar la libertad sindical de los policías civiles estaduales del Brasil a partir de una perspectiva jurídica – presentando los principales aspectos normativos de la libertad sindical en el sistema brasileño – desde la primera Constitución de la República Federativa del Brasil hasta la actual –, evidenciando las contradicciones existentes entre principios y reglas, en lo que toca a los servidores públicos civiles; y contribuir para la comprensión de las razones por las cuales los policías pueden – como lo hacen – sindicalizarse o no, incluso, deflagrar o no huelga. Procurando responder a esta indagación central, la Tesis, estructurada en seis Capítulos, además de la Introducción y de la Conclusión, realiza, preliminarmente, un abordaje histórico de la policía y del sindicalismo brasileño, describiendo, en este último caso, el carácter que la acción sindical asumió como resultado de la fidelidad a los intereses de los trabajadores. La ejecución de la Tesis sigue una orientación fundamentada en los objetivos propuestos y utiliza el método inductivo, con base en el procedimiento de carácter descriptivo - exploratorio y técnica de investigación bibliográfica y documental. La Constitución extendió el derecho de huelga a los servidores públicos, vetándolo a los policías militares, pero la legitimidad del derecho de huelga por policías civiles todavía es objeto de controversias y encuentra serios obstáculos en su ejercicio. Se examinan, pues, dos aspectos correlatos de las relaciones colectivas de trabajo íntimamente ligados: la libertad sindical y el derecho de huelga de esos servidores. A lo largo del análisis, se verifican las dificultades existentes, en lo referente a la libertad sindical y al derecho de huelga de la policía brasileña, mas se puede sacar una conclusión fundamental, esto es, la de que el sistema jurídico brasileiro evoluciona para un mismo destino: respetar las libertades democráticas, en cuanto derecho fundamental del individuo, siendo incontestable que, de esa prerrogativa, deriva el derecho de sindicalización y de huelga, aun para los servidores dedicados a mantener la seguridad pública, sistema en el cual, lato sensu, se incluye la policía. ; [EN]The present thesis entitled "The Rights of The Brazilian Police"s Trade Union Freedom " has as central objective to analyze the freedom of the police state servers of Brazil from legal perspective – presenting the main normative aspects of the freedom of association in the Brazilian system – from the first Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil to the present one – evidencing the existing contradictions between principles and rules, regarding the public servers; and contribute for the understanding of the reasons by which the police servers can – as they do – take part of the association or not, including, to trigger strike or not. Trying to answer this central question, the present thesis, structured in six Chapters, besides the Introduction and Conclusion, performs, preliminarily, a historical approach of the Brazilian police and syndicalism, describing, in this latter case, the character that the syndical action assumed as a result of fidelity to the interests of workers. The execution of the Thesis follows a grounded orientation in the proposed objectives and uses the inductive method, based on the procedure of the descriptive exploratory character and literature and document technical research. The constitution extended the right of strike to the public servers, sealing it to the military police, however the legitimacy of the right of strike by civilian police is still object of controversies and find serious obstacles in its execution. So, it"s examined, in general lines, two aspects related of the collective label relations intimately linked: the trade union freedom and the right of strike of these servers. Along the analysis performed, it was verified the difficulties still existing regarding freedom of associationand the right of strike of the Brazilian police, but it is possible to get to a fundamental conclusion, that is, the fact that the Brazilian legal framework evolves to the same destination: to respect the democratic liberties, as a fundamental right of the individual, being undisputed that, from this prerogative, derives the right to unionize and of strike, even to the servers dedicated to maintain the public safety, system in which, lato sensu, the police is included.
