Suchergebnisse

Рассматриваются особенности осуществления гражданских прав с учетом новелл гражданского законодательства. Авторы анализируют новеллы гражданского законодательства о порядке осуществления субъективных прав участниками гражданского оборота, в частности нормы, регламентирующие принципы и пределы осуществления гражданских прав, а также нормы, устанавливающие последствия нарушения предписанных законом правил поведения. В контексте изменения гражданского законодательства заметно усиление принципа добросовестности участников гражданского оборота на всех стадиях развития гражданского отношения, в том числе при заключении и исполнении договорного обязательства. В качестве общего последствия недобросовестного поведения стороны правоотношения выступает возможность для другой стороны требовать возмещения причиненных убытков, в качестве специального - отказ в защите права. Кроме того, важное значение приобретает принцип непротиворечивого поведения (estoppel) и сотрудничества участников в процессе осуществления своих прав и исполнения обязанностей. Рассмотренные принципы осуществления гражданских прав являются существенными гарантиями реализации субъективных гражданских прав и нуждаются в дальнейшем развитии и внедрении в специальные нормы ГК РФ.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-18 ; The article examines the specifics of the implementation of civil rights, taking into account the novels of civil legislation. The authors analyze the novels of civil legislation on the procedure for exercising of subjective rights by the participants of civil turnover, in particular, the norms regulating the principles and limits of the exercise of civil rights, as well as the norms establishing the consequences of violation of the rules of conduct prescribed by law. In the context of the change in civil law, strengthening is obvious of the principle of conscientiousness of participants in civil turnover at all stages of the development of civil relations that include concluding and executing of contractual obligation. As a general consequence of the dishonest conduct of a party to a legal relationship, it is possible for the other party to demand compensation for the losses, while a special consequence implies the refusal to protect the right. In addition, the special emphasis is made on the principle of consistent behavior (estopel) and cooperation of participants in the process of exercising their rights and performing of their duties. The considered principles of the exercise of civil rights are essential guarantees for the implementation of subjective civil rights and need further development and implementation in special norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-18

The article is devoted to abolitionism in Great Britain at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century - a movement which aimed to put an end to the infamous slave trade and, eventually, to slavery in general in the country that played a leading role in the transatlantic human traffic at that time. While working out the problem, the author has endeavoured to explain the reasons of emergence of abolitionism, as well as of its success. ; Статья посвящена аболиционизму в Великобритании в конце XVIII - начале ХІХ века - движению, направленному на ликвидацию позорной работорговли и, в конечном итоге, на полное искоренение рабства в стране, игравшей ведущую роль в трансатлантической торговле людьми в то время. При разработке проблемы автор излагает причины появления аболиционизма, а также причины его успеха.

The article deals with sanctified individual theoretical problems associated with lack of common doctrinal and legislative approach to the concept of civil legal services. Given the economic and legal description of services. Service as an object of civil rights related to social service. Proved difference nature of the «social» services (free services ) and paid services in the field of social services. It is concluded that only a paid services in the field of social services, can be attributed to the sphere of civil regulation. ; В статье освещаются отдельные теоретические проблемы, связанные с отсутствием единого доктринального и законодательного подхода к понятию гражданско-правовой услуги. Дается экономическая и правовая характери- стика услуги. Услуга как объект гражданских прав соотносится с услугой социальной. Доказывается разноотрасле- вой характер отношений, возникающих в процессе оказания «социальных» услуг, которые являются бесплатными для услугополучателей, и платных услуг в сфере социального обслуживания населения. Делается вывод о том, что только платные услуги в сфере социального обслуживания населения, могут быть отнесены к сфере гражданско- правового регулирования.

The study of problems that are associated with the realization of human rights and freedoms is always relevant since their implementation affects the immediate vital interests of the individual. A special role is played by ensuring human rights and freedoms, mechanisms and procedures for their protection, that is corresponding positive and negative obligations of the state. We believe that civil and political rights of a person, usually characterized as negative rights, cannot be ensured only by negative obligations of the state. To ensure them, States still need to assume corresponding positive obligations, the proper fulfillment of which directly affects the effectiveness of ensuring guaranteed human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this regard the study of the positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights is relevant. The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the implementation of positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights at the international level and the level of European Union law. The purpose of the master's work is to analyze the peculiarities of the positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights at the international level and the level of the European Union law. Tasks of the master's work: 1) to analyze the sources of the main political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union; 2) to characterize the system and content of basic political and civil rights; 3) to give a definition and to consider the ratio of positive and negative obligations of states; 4) to give a definition and to characterize the scope of application of the positive obligations of a state in the field of ensuring the political and civil rights of citizens under the European Convention; 5) to analyze the problem of ensuring the political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union and their judicial protection; 6) to determine the responsibility of states for violation of obligations in the field of human rights protection in European law. There were used dialectical, historical methods, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The sources of the basic political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union have been established. Among them there are the documents adopted before the creation of the European Union and the documents of the European Union. The problem of the implementation of modern legal standards in the field of human rights has been revealed. The system and content of the basic political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union are considered. The ratio of positive and negative obligations of states is considered. It has been revealed that not only negative, but also positive obligations of states are required to ensure negative rights. The specific positive obligations of states to ensure civil and political rights are considered, the examples are supported by judicial practice. It has been revealed that the state has a triad of obligations in the field of human rights: obligations to respect, obligations to provide and obligations to protect. The principle of the responsibility to protect includes the following obligations: the obligation to prevent; the obligation to respond; the obligation to recover. Some scholars add the obligation to punish the guilty. It has been established that the responsibility of a state for harsh and massive violations of human rights arises before the international community as a whole. On this basis all states can demand the cessation of these violations and the provision of appropriate compensation to their victims making appropriate claims against the violating state. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is a complex scientific work, in which a theoretical study of the relationship between positive and negative obligations of states is carried out, as well as specific positive obligations of states to ensure civil and political rights. The master's work can be useful to researchers, lecturers, lawyers and students.

The study of problems that are associated with the realization of human rights and freedoms is always relevant since their implementation affects the immediate vital interests of the individual. A special role is played by ensuring human rights and freedoms, mechanisms and procedures for their protection, that is corresponding positive and negative obligations of the state. We believe that civil and political rights of a person, usually characterized as negative rights, cannot be ensured only by negative obligations of the state. To ensure them, States still need to assume corresponding positive obligations, the proper fulfillment of which directly affects the effectiveness of ensuring guaranteed human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this regard the study of the positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights is relevant. The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the implementation of positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights at the international level and the level of European Union law. The purpose of the master's work is to analyze the peculiarities of the positive obligations of the states of the European Union in the field of ensuring political and civil rights at the international level and the level of the European Union law. Tasks of the master's work: 1) to analyze the sources of the main political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union; 2) to characterize the system and content of basic political and civil rights; 3) to give a definition and to consider the ratio of positive and negative obligations of states; 4) to give a definition and to characterize the scope of application of the positive obligations of a state in the field of ensuring the political and civil rights of citizens under the European Convention; 5) to analyze the problem of ensuring the political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union and their judicial protection; 6) to determine the responsibility of states for violation of obligations in the field of human rights protection in European law. There were used dialectical, historical methods, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The sources of the basic political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union have been established. Among them there are the documents adopted before the creation of the European Union and the documents of the European Union. The problem of the implementation of modern legal standards in the field of human rights has been revealed. The system and content of the basic political and civil rights of citizens of the European Union are considered. The ratio of positive and negative obligations of states is considered. It has been revealed that not only negative, but also positive obligations of states are required to ensure negative rights. The specific positive obligations of states to ensure civil and political rights are considered, the examples are supported by judicial practice. It has been revealed that the state has a triad of obligations in the field of human rights: obligations to respect, obligations to provide and obligations to protect. The principle of the responsibility to protect includes the following obligations: the obligation to prevent; the obligation to respond; the obligation to recover. Some scholars add the obligation to punish the guilty. It has been established that the responsibility of a state for harsh and massive violations of human rights arises before the international community as a whole. On this basis all states can demand the cessation of these violations and the provision of appropriate compensation to their victims making appropriate claims against the violating state. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is a complex scientific work, in which a theoretical study of the relationship between positive and negative obligations of states is carried out, as well as specific positive obligations of states to ensure civil and political rights. The master's work can be useful to researchers, lecturers, lawyers and students.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of influence of the human rights issue on the development of German-Chinese political relations at the present stage. The author analyses main issues of the Germany- China human rights dialogue, its legal basis, the positions and arguments of the sides. In the author's opinion, one of the main obstacles to the development of cooperation between Germany and China in this area is a different perception of the nature of human rights. The author concludes that both Germany and China in effect are willing to put aside the issue of "human rights violations" and criticism of non-compliance with fundamental civil and political rights of Chinese citizens for the sake of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

The subject. The article focuses on the need to improve legislative and law enforcement activities related to the consolidation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms.The purpose of the article is to identify main ways of improvement the legal regulation additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method.The results and scope of application. The lack of unity in understanding the essence of additional guarantees of realization of rights and freedoms requires not only theoretical analysis of this legal category, but a consistent system of the legislation, and corresponding to the system of law enforcement practice. The legal establishment of the additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms, due solely to the will of the legislator of a constituent entitiy of the Russian Federation aimed at the concretization of constitutional rights and freedoms as well as of the security mechanisms (legal conditions, means) of the implementation of these rights. Features of development of the corresponding constituent entitiy of the Russian Federation should be taken into account.One of the main directions of improvement of legal regulation in this field is legislative recognition of additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This concept should be reflected in the Federal law of October 6, 1999 No. 184-FZ "On General principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation", as well as in the constitutions (charters) of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The consolidation of this concept in the legislation will be the impetus to the theoretical analysis of this legal category, and will ultimately contribute to the improvement of the legal status of the individual.Conclusions. Improvement of regional legal policy in the sphere of establishment additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms by subjects of the Russian Federation has great practical significance and contributes to the theoretical knowledge of the specified legal category. ; Акцентируется внимание на необходимости совершенствования законодательной и правоприменительной деятельности, связанной с закреплением субъектами Российской Федерации дополнительных гарантий реализации конституционных прав и свобод человека и гражданина. Определяются направления совершенствования правового регулирования в области установления субъектами Российской Федерации дополнительных гарантий реализации конституционных прав и свобод человека и гражданина. Делается вывод, что совершенствование региональной правовой политики в области закрепления субъектами Российской Федерации дополнительных гарантий реализации конституционных прав и свобод человека и гражданина имеет огромную практическую значимость и способствует теоретическому познанию указанной правовой категории.

The subject of the study is the institution of digital rights, which has recently been enshrined in Russian legislation. This topic is relevant since the definition of digital rights causes numerous discussions and disputes. Practice on this issue has not yet developed, and there are conflicts in the current legislation. The purpose of the article is to consider the scope of digital rights and define the category "digital rights", given that there is a deep difference between its broad and narrow definitions. The following tasks have been solved to achieve this goal: (1) to consider the regulatory framework governing digital rights; (2) to analyze the main approaches to the definition of digital rights; (3) to study various definitions of digital objects; (4) to highlight the main characteristics of digital objects; (5) to propose original definitions of "digital rights" and "digital objects".Methodology. The authors use the general scientific dialectical method, as well as formallegal, system-structural, formal-logical methods and methods of cognition. The synergetic method is used to clarify the main features of digital rights. It allows isolating new rules and reality from the creative potential of chaos.The main results and the scope of the study. Considering law as a variable phenomenon, it has been proved that it is constantly changing. Analysis allows the authors to conclude that digital rights are an independent special type of rights that arise only in relation to digital objects created in digital form. The features of digital rights include: digital format, occurrence only in the cyber-physical space, consolidation in the form of software algorithms, the accounting system is carried out without an intermediary, the owner's digital rights are realized with access to the Internet and a key in the form of login.The main qualitative characteristics of digital objects include the following: digital objects are not material; in some cases, they cannot be materialized and there is no need for that; digital objects are created using modern high-tech systems; it is possible to make transactions with digital objects only in the cyber-physical space; the right of inheritance for some digital objects is limited to inheritance by will due to the peculiarities of ownership of these objects; digital objects can be disposed of without the participation of third parties and intermediaries; transactions with digital assets are confidential.Conclusions. Based on the study results, original definitions of "digital rights" and "digital objects" have been proposed. Digital right is a digital algorithm that enshrines the powers of individuals and legal entities to own, use, and alienate digital objects of civil rights in hightech systems, given that technical means provide the owner with the opportunity to exercise their powers. Digital objects represent an independent legal category, which is a cryptographic code that gives the owner the right to perform any actions with it - to own, dispose of, alienate, make transactions, and other actions not prohibited by law. Legislative amendments to the current Russian legislation are developed. ; Предметом исследования является институт цифровых прав в гражданском праве России. Цель статьи – рассмотреть объем цифровых прав и дать определение категории «цифровые права», учитывая, что между широким и узкоспециальным определением существует глубокое различие. Для реализации поставленной цели решаются следующие задачи: 1) рассмотреть нормативную базу, регламентирующую цифровые права; 2) проанализировать основные подходы к определению цифровых прав; 3) изучить различные дефиниции определения «цифровые объекты»; 4) выделить основные характеристики цифровых объектов; 5) предложить авторские определения «цифровых прав» и «цифровых объектов». В исследовании использован общенаучный диалектический метод, а также формально-юридический, системно-структурный, формально-логический методы познания. Синергетический метод использовался для выяснения особенностей и основных признаков цифровых прав, он позволил из созидательного потенциала хаоса вычленить новые правила и новую реальность. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать вывод, что цифровые права являются самостоятельным особым видом прав, которые возникают только в отношении цифровых объектов, созданных в цифровой форме. К особенностям цифровых прав следует отнести: цифровой формат, возникновение только в киберфизическом пространстве, закрепление в виде программного алгоритма, осуществление системы учета без посредника, реализация цифровых прав собственника при наличии доступа к сети «Интернет» и ключа в виде логина. Авторы дали узкоспециальные опредления «цифровых прав» и «цифровых объектов», предложили законодательные поправки.

The article is devoted to the problematic aspects of the minors' participation in civil proceedings in Russian Federation. The relevance of the research is based on the fact that the civil procedural status of under-aged remains virtually unstudied. The author states that children have the right to judicial protection of their rights and legitimate interests. The attention is paid to the need to establish clear procedures for judicial protection of children's rights and legal interests in the existing Russian legislation in conformity with international law. Special attention is given to studying of the problem of determining the civil procedure status of a minor (including the emergence of the civil procedural legal capacity) in terms of the norms of the civil procedural legislation of Russian Federation, as well as a variety of scientific views on this problem solution. The author concludes that the possibilities of the active participation of minors in civil proceedings should be expanded in Russian legislation standards. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of child's self-involvement in civil proceedings for disputes arising from family and work relations ; Статья посвящена проблемным аспектам участия несовершеннолетних лиц в гражданском процессе на территории Российской Федерации. Актуальность исследования обосновывается тем, что гражданско-процессуальный статус несовершеннолетнего остается практически неизученным. Автор констатирует, что дети имеют право на судебную защиту своих прав и законных интересов. Обращается внимание на необходимость в соответствии с нормами международного права установления в действующем российском законодательстве четких процедур, предназначенных для судебной защиты прав и законных интересов детей. Особое внимание уделено исследованию проблемы определения гражданского процессуального статуса несовершеннолетнего (в том числе возникновения гражданской процессуальной правоспособности и гражданской процессуальной дееспособности) с точки зрения норм действующего гражданского процессуального законодательства Российской Федерации, а также различных научных взглядов на решение данного вопроса. Автор приходит к выводу, что в нормах российского законодательства нужно расширить возможности активного участия несовершеннолетних лиц в гражданском процессе. Особое внимание при этом должно быть уделено возможности самостоятельного участия ребенка в гражданском процессе по спорам, вытекающим из семейных и трудовых отношений

This article focuses on copyright and related rights related to music and near-music works (literary, scientific) in the media environment. The key legal issues of right holders and users are investigated on the basis of the modern Russian law (Civil Code), and on examples from practice of broadcasters, leading music education institutions and scientific databases. The emphasis is on the music art, literature and science in the digital space of Internet, which today is associated with the largest number of creative innovation, and in which accordingly, there is the greatest number of violations of copyright and related rights. In this regard, the author proposes to amend the current Russian legislation to allow the creation of the organization managing the intellectual property rights in the web on a collective basis.http://mediamusic-journal.com/Issues/4_6.html