Suchergebnisse

Cities are complex and rapidly changing their social, economic and technological systems, with inevitable impacts on the environment and climate change. The main problems are – air pollution, traffic jams on the streets, damaging noise, poor quality built environment, derelict land, increasing quantities of waste. The purpose of this work is – a complex analysis of the most important urban development impact on climate change, regulatory measures and their implementation in the context of sustainable development. The objective of this work – study the urban sprawl's impact on the climate and it's regulation. Conclusive part of master's lecturing work is made out of 4 sections. The first section discusses the meaning of urban sprawl and impact on climate. The second – value of the cities and its problems. In the third section it's overviewed the environmental controlling measures used in European Union, reducing the urbanization impact on climate and regulatory solutions in Lithuania. In this section it is also defined a vision of sustainable and compact city. In order to reach the objective of this work, scientific literatures, relevant laws and regulation sources analysis, a survey of public opinion and statistical data analysis were used. Scientific literature analysis and empirical study confirmed hypothesis that: 1) the integral and complex environmental principles installation in public administration at all levels, and 2) social and educational programs which help to educate citizens ecological culture are one of the most important urban sprawl's impact on climate change regulatory measures. In the end of the work conclusions and recommendations are provided.

Cities are complex and rapidly changing their social, economic and technological systems, with inevitable impacts on the environment and climate change. The main problems are – air pollution, traffic jams on the streets, damaging noise, poor quality built environment, derelict land, increasing quantities of waste. The purpose of this work is – a complex analysis of the most important urban development impact on climate change, regulatory measures and their implementation in the context of sustainable development. The objective of this work – study the urban sprawl's impact on the climate and it's regulation. Conclusive part of master's lecturing work is made out of 4 sections. The first section discusses the meaning of urban sprawl and impact on climate. The second – value of the cities and its problems. In the third section it's overviewed the environmental controlling measures used in European Union, reducing the urbanization impact on climate and regulatory solutions in Lithuania. In this section it is also defined a vision of sustainable and compact city. In order to reach the objective of this work, scientific literatures, relevant laws and regulation sources analysis, a survey of public opinion and statistical data analysis were used. Scientific literature analysis and empirical study confirmed hypothesis that: 1) the integral and complex environmental principles installation in public administration at all levels, and 2) social and educational programs which help to educate citizens ecological culture are one of the most important urban sprawl's impact on climate change regulatory measures. In the end of the work conclusions and recommendations are provided.

By using three theoretical approaches, this thesis analyzes Japan's climate change policy. With the aim to reveal both the details and main tendencies of this complicated field, the object of the research is divided into three fields and each of them is analyzed by using separate theory. It is correspondingly: climate change phenomena, which is analyzed by using risk society theory focusing on Japan's case; domestic and international interest groups, that are studied by two-level game theory concentrating on Japans' participation in COP15 to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; state institutions, looking at Japan ministries' and high-ranking officials' perception of climate change using soft power theory as theoretical basis. The time frame of the work is from year 1992 to 2011. The main methods used are content and comparative analysis. The analysis of the first field shows that Japan can be considered as one of late modernity states distinguished by risk society and reflectivity on its development. It is one of the main reasons why such phenomena as climate change becomes important and included into country's political discourse. After analyzing public rhetorics, Japan's position corresponds to eight criteria used in the work, ranging from global warming presentation as a global risk that will have negative consequences to aspirations to change current lifestyle by implementing domestic programs and participating in creation of international institutions. The analysis of the the second field shows that several big interest groups have been participating in the recent (year 2009-2011) Japan's climate change politics. Their influence is combined, domestic groups being the main players. Based on COP15 analysis, the biggest influence on Japan's position was Democratic party which won the election at the end of summer 2009. It was seeking to get support of the society and to promote the use of country's technological potential in international markets. By fulfilling their plans, the democrats did not meet strong opposing powers at home, because they had support from the citizens, did not have close relationship with business lobby, and were following previously approved strategic documents. In international area Japan was not bound by agreements and had support from influential international actors. Finally, the analysis of the third field revealed that climate change policy is presented by Japan's institution as: 1) a tool to display country's uniqueness in technological development, international leadership and active cooperation with other states; 2) a way to show that Japan is and will be active in participating in international climate change initiatives; 3) an opportunity to declare that the country is seeking to protect universally accepted values. It shows that participation in climate change politics is understood by Japan as important tool to strengthen its soft power.

By using three theoretical approaches, this thesis analyzes Japan's climate change policy. With the aim to reveal both the details and main tendencies of this complicated field, the object of the research is divided into three fields and each of them is analyzed by using separate theory. It is correspondingly: climate change phenomena, which is analyzed by using risk society theory focusing on Japan's case; domestic and international interest groups, that are studied by two-level game theory concentrating on Japans' participation in COP15 to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; state institutions, looking at Japan ministries' and high-ranking officials' perception of climate change using soft power theory as theoretical basis. The time frame of the work is from year 1992 to 2011. The main methods used are content and comparative analysis. The analysis of the first field shows that Japan can be considered as one of late modernity states distinguished by risk society and reflectivity on its development. It is one of the main reasons why such phenomena as climate change becomes important and included into country's political discourse. After analyzing public rhetorics, Japan's position corresponds to eight criteria used in the work, ranging from global warming presentation as a global risk that will have negative consequences to aspirations to change current lifestyle by implementing domestic programs and participating in creation of international institutions. The analysis of the the second field shows that several big interest groups have been participating in the recent (year 2009-2011) Japan's climate change politics. Their influence is combined, domestic groups being the main players. Based on COP15 analysis, the biggest influence on Japan's position was Democratic party which won the election at the end of summer 2009. It was seeking to get support of the society and to promote the use of country's technological potential in international markets. By fulfilling their plans, the democrats did not meet strong opposing powers at home, because they had support from the citizens, did not have close relationship with business lobby, and were following previously approved strategic documents. In international area Japan was not bound by agreements and had support from influential international actors. Finally, the analysis of the third field revealed that climate change policy is presented by Japan's institution as: 1) a tool to display country's uniqueness in technological development, international leadership and active cooperation with other states; 2) a way to show that Japan is and will be active in participating in international climate change initiatives; 3) an opportunity to declare that the country is seeking to protect universally accepted values. It shows that participation in climate change politics is understood by Japan as important tool to strengthen its soft power.

By using three theoretical approaches, this thesis analyzes Japan's climate change policy. With the aim to reveal both the details and main tendencies of this complicated field, the object of the research is divided into three fields and each of them is analyzed by using separate theory. It is correspondingly: climate change phenomena, which is analyzed by using risk society theory focusing on Japan's case; domestic and international interest groups, that are studied by two-level game theory concentrating on Japans' participation in COP15 to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; state institutions, looking at Japan ministries' and high-ranking officials' perception of climate change using soft power theory as theoretical basis. The time frame of the work is from year 1992 to 2011. The main methods used are content and comparative analysis. The analysis of the first field shows that Japan can be considered as one of late modernity states distinguished by risk society and reflectivity on its development. It is one of the main reasons why such phenomena as climate change becomes important and included into country's political discourse. After analyzing public rhetorics, Japan's position corresponds to eight criteria used in the work, ranging from global warming presentation as a global risk that will have negative consequences to aspirations to change current lifestyle by implementing domestic programs and participating in creation of international institutions. The analysis of the the second field shows that several big interest groups have been participating in the recent (year 2009-2011) Japan's climate change politics. Their influence is combined, domestic groups being the main players. Based on COP15 analysis, the biggest influence on Japan's position was Democratic party which won the election at the end of summer 2009. It was seeking to get support of the society and to promote the use of country's technological potential in international markets. By fulfilling their plans, the democrats did not meet strong opposing powers at home, because they had support from the citizens, did not have close relationship with business lobby, and were following previously approved strategic documents. In international area Japan was not bound by agreements and had support from influential international actors. Finally, the analysis of the third field revealed that climate change policy is presented by Japan's institution as: 1) a tool to display country's uniqueness in technological development, international leadership and active cooperation with other states; 2) a way to show that Japan is and will be active in participating in international climate change initiatives; 3) an opportunity to declare that the country is seeking to protect universally accepted values. It shows that participation in climate change politics is understood by Japan as important tool to strengthen its soft power.

This master's thesis analyses the international, European Union and national legal regulations of the climate change. The aim of this work is to find out the practical aspects of legal regulation of climate change in the Lithuanian waste management sector by implementing waste incineration projects. This is done by reviewing legal instruments addressing the climate change, explaining the content of legislation and by analysing and comparing documents. The aim of the study is to reveal the legal regulation and practical aspects of the climate change in the Lithuanian waste management sector. The results of the study revealed that in order to solve the problems of the climate change countries must act unanimously, actively fulfill their commitments, because long negotiations and later untimely goals do not stop climate change and pose a threat to the whole world. In an effort to accomplish its GHG reduction plans, Lithuania has a strategy to have 3 waste incineration plants. However, the environmental impact and the potential increase in GHG emissions from energy recovery from waste was not fully assessed when this measure was included. On the contrary, waste incineration reduces the incentives for using more sustainable, climate-friendly waste management.

This master's thesis analyses the international, European Union and national legal regulations of the climate change. The aim of this work is to find out the practical aspects of legal regulation of climate change in the Lithuanian waste management sector by implementing waste incineration projects. This is done by reviewing legal instruments addressing the climate change, explaining the content of legislation and by analysing and comparing documents. The aim of the study is to reveal the legal regulation and practical aspects of the climate change in the Lithuanian waste management sector. The results of the study revealed that in order to solve the problems of the climate change countries must act unanimously, actively fulfill their commitments, because long negotiations and later untimely goals do not stop climate change and pose a threat to the whole world. In an effort to accomplish its GHG reduction plans, Lithuania has a strategy to have 3 waste incineration plants. However, the environmental impact and the potential increase in GHG emissions from energy recovery from waste was not fully assessed when this measure was included. On the contrary, waste incineration reduces the incentives for using more sustainable, climate-friendly waste management.

Climate of the Earth is getting wormer. This fact of climate change may result in big or even catastrophic effects on many counties economics, society, nature and quality of the environment. These changes may effect everyone so that why everybody have to solve this problem. Households of European Union are using one third of all energy so each household is responsible for approximately 20 % of CO2 emission. 70% of energy is used to heat the house, 14% - to heat the water and 12% - is used for electricity device and lighting. Personal car usage also causes 10 % of emissions. The object of this job is Lithuanian households. In order to investigate CO2 emissions in Lithuanian households these problems will be analyzed: Climate change policy and its realization implements; Valuation of green house gas emission potential in households; Methods of decreasing green house gas emission in households; Supervision of house holds and CO2 emission factors that is used to value one Lithuanian dweller emission quantity that might be decreased; Emission quantity valuation of all Lithuanian households and compare them to other sectors. In this paper work was analyzed policy which is imposed to decrease green house gas emissions and factors that have impact on choosing policy. There were established interaction between the policy of the state and concerned groups. In analytical part of the work was made an analyze of green house gas emissions structure and it changes in Lithuania. Also there was valuated magnitude of green house gas emissions and its dynamic in Lithuanian sectors. Discussed factors, that made an impact on CO2 emission change from 1990 year to 2007 year. Also there was made analysis of climate change mitigation implements. In this paper work was assessed green house gas emissions reduction potential due to more effective energy consumption implement integration in households and overviewed educational tools which can help to save the energy. In order to value climate change mitigation opportunities in Lithuanian households there was made research methodology which helped to make a research. It was made by observation method. In this research there was registered one man energy consumption and calculated CO2 gas quantity. After that saved carbon dioxide quantity was calculated it was 5,65 Mt for all Lithuanian households. The result was compared to other Lithuanian sectors and also with the quantity of emission which might appear when the Ignalina nuclear electricity will be closed. This job consists of three parts, findings and summary. Size of this paper work is 73 pages 12 tables and 15 pictures.

Climate of the Earth is getting wormer. This fact of climate change may result in big or even catastrophic effects on many counties economics, society, nature and quality of the environment. These changes may effect everyone so that why everybody have to solve this problem. Households of European Union are using one third of all energy so each household is responsible for approximately 20 % of CO2 emission. 70% of energy is used to heat the house, 14% - to heat the water and 12% - is used for electricity device and lighting. Personal car usage also causes 10 % of emissions. The object of this job is Lithuanian households. In order to investigate CO2 emissions in Lithuanian households these problems will be analyzed: Climate change policy and its realization implements; Valuation of green house gas emission potential in households; Methods of decreasing green house gas emission in households; Supervision of house holds and CO2 emission factors that is used to value one Lithuanian dweller emission quantity that might be decreased; Emission quantity valuation of all Lithuanian households and compare them to other sectors. In this paper work was analyzed policy which is imposed to decrease green house gas emissions and factors that have impact on choosing policy. There were established interaction between the policy of the state and concerned groups. In analytical part of the work was made an analyze of green house gas emissions structure and it changes in Lithuania. Also there was valuated magnitude of green house gas emissions and its dynamic in Lithuanian sectors. Discussed factors, that made an impact on CO2 emission change from 1990 year to 2007 year. Also there was made analysis of climate change mitigation implements. In this paper work was assessed green house gas emissions reduction potential due to more effective energy consumption implement integration in households and overviewed educational tools which can help to save the energy. In order to value climate change mitigation opportunities in Lithuanian households there was made research methodology which helped to make a research. It was made by observation method. In this research there was registered one man energy consumption and calculated CO2 gas quantity. After that saved carbon dioxide quantity was calculated it was 5,65 Mt for all Lithuanian households. The result was compared to other Lithuanian sectors and also with the quantity of emission which might appear when the Ignalina nuclear electricity will be closed. This job consists of three parts, findings and summary. Size of this paper work is 73 pages 12 tables and 15 pictures.

The article provides information on greenhouse gas emissions that affect climate change and at the same time draws attention to possible solutions to increase energy production from renewable energy sources. The results of the study showed that one of the most pressing problems remains the transport sector as a major source of pollution in the environment. In addition, Lithuania's energy productivity in the context of European Union countries is very low. Although Lithuania is showing progress towards the European Union in 2020, energy efficiency target. Significant scale of energy production growth in Lithuania over the decade has been developed in wind and hydropower. It is recommended to show more attention to increasing the use of solar and geothermal energy in renewable energy production.

The article provides information on greenhouse gas emissions that affect climate change and at the same time draws attention to possible solutions to increase energy production from renewable energy sources. The results of the study showed that one of the most pressing problems remains the transport sector as a major source of pollution in the environment. In addition, Lithuania's energy productivity in the context of European Union countries is very low. Although Lithuania is showing progress towards the European Union in 2020, energy efficiency target. Significant scale of energy production growth in Lithuania over the decade has been developed in wind and hydropower. It is recommended to show more attention to increasing the use of solar and geothermal energy in renewable energy production.

The article provides information on greenhouse gas emissions that affect climate change and at the same time draws attention to possible solutions to increase energy production from renewable energy sources. The results of the study showed that one of the most pressing problems remains the transport sector as a major source of pollution in the environment. In addition, Lithuania's energy productivity in the context of European Union countries is very low. Although Lithuania is showing progress towards the European Union in 2020, energy efficiency target. Significant scale of energy production growth in Lithuania over the decade has been developed in wind and hydropower. It is recommended to show more attention to increasing the use of solar and geothermal energy in renewable energy production.

Climate change is considered as one of the most important problems in the whole world, EU and separate countries. The challenges of climate change can be overcome in two ways – decreasing the demand and increasing the part of the energy that is created by new and renewable energy recourses. According to the previous researches, there is a great energy saving potential in the households. This means that more efficient energy consumption would lead to better implementation of climate change requirements as well as smaller households' energy bills and thus improvement of daily life of every person. The object of the paper – Climate change mitigation measures in households. The purpose of the paper – To assess climate change mitigation measures in Lithuanian households. Objectives of the paper: To give the overview of implementation of climate change mitigation policies in the international aspect. To determine the influence of households in implementing climate change mitigation policy. To provide the comparative analysis of GHG emissions and energy consumption in Lithuanian households. To analyze the measures for mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuania and to compare it with other measures used in different countries. To estimate the possibilities of mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuanian households while changing their behavior and saving more energy. After conducting the analysis of energy consumption, GHG emissions pattern and climate mitigation policy in Lithuania, it was shown that Lithuanian households consume relatively big part of energy as well as emits GHG. According to the results of the empirical research, the saving potential in Lithuanian households is 16,6% (which is equal to 1.95MtCO2/year). In comparison to saving potential and measures used for encouraging households to save in other countries, climate change mitigation policies used for Lithuanian households are not sufficient for exploiting all GHG mitigation potential. The work consists of an introduction, 3 parts, conclusions and recommendations. The main working materials described on 80 pages, including 31 tables, 21 illustrations.

Climate change is considered as one of the most important problems in the whole world, EU and separate countries. The challenges of climate change can be overcome in two ways – decreasing the demand and increasing the part of the energy that is created by new and renewable energy recourses. According to the previous researches, there is a great energy saving potential in the households. This means that more efficient energy consumption would lead to better implementation of climate change requirements as well as smaller households' energy bills and thus improvement of daily life of every person. The object of the paper – Climate change mitigation measures in households. The purpose of the paper – To assess climate change mitigation measures in Lithuanian households. Objectives of the paper: To give the overview of implementation of climate change mitigation policies in the international aspect. To determine the influence of households in implementing climate change mitigation policy. To provide the comparative analysis of GHG emissions and energy consumption in Lithuanian households. To analyze the measures for mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuania and to compare it with other measures used in different countries. To estimate the possibilities of mitigating GHG emissions in Lithuanian households while changing their behavior and saving more energy. After conducting the analysis of energy consumption, GHG emissions pattern and climate mitigation policy in Lithuania, it was shown that Lithuanian households consume relatively big part of energy as well as emits GHG. According to the results of the empirical research, the saving potential in Lithuanian households is 16,6% (which is equal to 1.95MtCO2/year). In comparison to saving potential and measures used for encouraging households to save in other countries, climate change mitigation policies used for Lithuanian households are not sufficient for exploiting all GHG mitigation potential. The work consists of an introduction, 3 parts, conclusions and recommendations. The main working materials described on 80 pages, including 31 tables, 21 illustrations.

Climate change challenges are relevant and universally accepted. Climate change requires not only accommodation of people and nature, but also it requires the adaptation of policy. During the development of CAP reforms this policy became more oriented towards needs of consumer and environment than addressing promotion of food production. The question is what kind of impact makes climate change to the development of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and what role climate change plays not only the current period of the CAP, but in the nearest future of this policy as well. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the role of climate change in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. The scientific literature of foreign and Lithuanian authors helped to indicate and set the tasks for this work and to support the validity of the chosen subject. Lithuania and the EU legislation and analysis of other documents allowed to identify the instruments for the fight against risks of climate change and evaluate the conditions for rise of these instruments in the CAP, as well as assessing the risks of climate change in the legal framework. This literature review and expert opinion of Lithuania has confirmed the hypothesis that climate change plays an increasingly important role in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. The CAP may be applied to a certain extent in the fight against climate change and adapting to it, but the implementation of the measures related to this challenge has to be directly coordinated with other EU policy areas.