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Coffeeshops are the most famous example of Dutch tolerance. But in fact, these cannabis distributors are highly regulated. Coffeeshops are permitted to break the law, but not the rules. On the premises, there cannot be minors, hard drugs or more than 500 grams. Nor can a coffeeshop advertise, cause nuisance or sell over five grams to a person in a day. These rules are enforced by surprise police checks, with violation punishable by closure.
In Grey Area, Scott Jacques examines the regulations with a huge stash of data, which he collected during two years of fieldwork in Amsterdam. How do coffeeshop owners and staff obey the rules? How are the rules broken? Why so? To what effect? The stories and statistics show that order in the midst of smoke is key to Dutch drug policy, vaporising the idea that prohibition is better than regulation. Grey Area is a timely contribution in light of the blazing reform to cannabis policy worldwide.

Coffeeshops are the most famous example of Dutch tolerance. Actually, though, these cannabis distributors are highly regulated. Coffeeshops are permitted to break the law, but not the rules. In Grey Area, Scott Jacques examines the policy with a huge stash of data, which he collected during two years of fieldwork in Amsterdam

Police mobilisation is a first step in the judicial process and an important source of information on offending. Whether victims mobilise police is affected by their assessment of its utility. Victims who are criminals, such as drug dealers, are known to face a different cost–benefit scenario than law-abiding persons. Dutch 'coffeeshops' are a unique type of dealer. They operate in a grey area, allowed by the government to sell a prohibited drug, cannabis, so long as they comply with a set of regulations. Little is known about their mobilisation of police in response to victimisation, including how it is affected by the rules governing their business. We explore this issue with qualitative data collected from personnel of 50 coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We analyse how they think about the potential benefits and costs of asking the police for help post victimisation. In many ways, their thought process is similar to that of most any victim, but they also consider the potential negative ramifications of inviting police to their door. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research, regulation and drug control broadly, and coffeeshops specifically.

"Der Datenhighway - eine der prominentesten und gleichzeitig einfallslosesten Zukunftsvisionen, die zur Zeit durch unsere Zeitungen geistert. Außer Video-on-demand und Tele-Shopping fällt eigentlich niemanden etwas ein, was man so mit einem Hochgeschwindigkeits-Netzwerk tun könnte. Fast niemand. In Amsterdam, der Stadt der Fahrräder und der Coffeeshops, hat eine Handvoll phantasievoller Hacker die 'digitale Stadt' verwirklicht." (Autorenreferat)

Nach Verhaltenstipps von A-Z, werden wichtige Fragen geklärt, beispielsweise was der Unterschied zwischen Holland und den Niederlanden ist. Es wird in Landschaft und Geschichte eingeführt und über Glaube und Bürgermoral informiert. Natürlich wird über die Königsfamilie, Toleranz oder auch abnehmende Toleranz, über Fahrradliebe und "gezelliges" Zusammenleben, über niederländische Wohnungen, den Nationalfeiertag und Sinterklaas berichtet. Dazu kommen ins Buch eingestreute Exkurse (Coffeeshops, Calvinisten, Wassermanagement, "Eisfieber") und im Anhang Literatur- und Filmtipps sowie eine Übersichtskarte. Neben klassischen Reiseführern wie dem Baedeker (zuletzt ID-A 24/13, eT 48/15) und vor F. Fuchs: "Holland speciaal" (ID-A 42/13) oder dem "Fettnäpfchenführer" (zuletzt ID-A 16/13, 3. Auflage 2015) empfohlen

Überarbeitete Neuausgabe der 2005 erschienenen Autobiografie eines jugendlichen Kiffers. R. Elstner schrieb: "Der Autor beschreibt seine 'Karriere' vom Gelegenheitskiffer über den täglichen Konsumenten bis hin zum totalen Absturz durch Wahnvorstellungen. Erzählt wird hautnah, sehr detailliert und hinsichtlich der Hip-Hop-geneigten Szenesprache authentisch. Der Bericht wird ohne didaktische Absicht und reuenden Schluss vorgelegt" (ID-A 48/05). Leider wirkt die Sprache heute weniger authentisch und viele Jugendliche werden Probleme haben, sich eine Jugend vorzustellen, in der man sich Drogen in Coffeeshops besorgen und Pornofilme noch ausleihen musste, teure Sexhotlines anrufen konnte und beim Plattenauflegen oder Walkmanhören gechillt hat. Trotzdem weiterhin empfohlen, da es kaum Autobiografisches zum Thema "Kiffen" für den Jugendbestand gibt. Der Autor, auch heute noch zu Veranstaltungen in Schulen und Bibliotheken unterwegs, beantwortet im Anhang typische Fragen, die ihm von Jugendlichen und Eltern bei seinen Lesungen zu den Themen Sucht, Kiffen, Legalisierung von Cannabis etc. gestellt werden. (2 J,S)

Amsterdam ́s alternative urban spaces like the NDSM shipyard, De Ceuvel, De Nieuwe Anita, OT301, OCCII, Pakhuis Wilhelmina, Joe ´s Garage, Vrankrijk, and Paradiso are considered Amsterdam ́s rough, arty, free, naughty, best party spots. They are the places you go to after you have seen the canal district, the red-light district, the coffeeshops, the Rijksmuseum, and Van Gogh ́s paintings. These alternative places pose as Amsterdam ́s Berlin, even as Amsterdam ́s Christiania. There you breathe "the air of freedom." These spaces echo the flair of the 1960s countercultural movements, that occupied derelict buildings and turned them into underground hotspots. This retrospect takes us back to Amsterdam ́s Provo movement, and the transformation of its legacy: the hyper-organized and politicized squatter communities in the city center in the 1970s, their violent clearings in the 1980s, the occupation of the southern city docks in the 1990s, the squatters ́ jump over the waterway ́t Ij to Amsterdam North, and the subsequent creation of the contemporary cultural incubators like NDSM. ; publishedVersion

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chronology -- Entries -- Africa -- Age -- Alaska -- American Presidents -- Ancient Religions -- Anslinger, Harry (1892-1975) -- Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 -- Anti-Marijuana Campaigns in Popular Press -- Anxiety -- Beat Generation Writers -- Beatles, The -- Big Lebowski, The -- Biosocial Theories -- Blunts -- Bongs and Water Pipes -- Bush (George H.W.) Administration "War on Drugs -- Bush (George W.) Administration "War on Drugs -- Butane Hash Oil -- California -- Cannabichromene (CBC) -- Cannabidiol (CBD) -- Cannabis Drinks -- Cannabis indica -- Cannabis Oils -- Cannabis sativa -- Casual Users, Health Effects -- CBD Wellness Beverages -- Central Asia -- Cheech and Chong -- China and Southeast Asia -- Chronic Pain -- Clinton, Bill (1946) -- Coffeeshops -- Colonial America -- Colorado -- Compassionate Use Act (1996) -- Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970) -- Conant v. McCaffrey -- Confidential Informants -- Conflict and Labeling Theories -- Control Theories -- Cultural Identity Theories -- Cypress Hill -- Dabbing -- Dazed and Confused -- Decriminalization -- Dependence -- Dependence, History of -- Dependence, Prevalence of -- Differential Association Theory/Social Learning Theory -- Dispensaries -- "Drug Abuse Message to Congress" (President Carter, 1977) -- Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) -- Drug Cartels -- Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) -- Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) -- Ecological Impacts -- Edibles -- Europe -- Family Life -- "420" -- Gaming -- Garcia, Jerry (1942-1995) -- Gateway Drug Hypothesis -- Gender -- Gonzalez v. Raich (2005) -- Gravity Bongs -- Hashish -- Head Shops -- Hemp -- High Times -- Hippies -- "Howl" -- Hydroponics -- Impaired Driving -- Incarceration for Marijuana Offenses -- Incarceration Rates.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface by Peter Reuter -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The Globalization of Cannabis Cultivation -- PART I TRADITIONAL PRODUCER NATIONS -- 2 Peculiar and Perplexed – The Complexity of Ganja Cultivation in the English speaking Caribbean -- 3 Cannabis Cultivation Practices in the Moroccan Rif -- PART II GROWING IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD -- 4 Medical Marijuana – Exploring the Concept in Relation to Small Scale Cannabis Growers in Denmark -- 5 With a little Help from my Friends – Justifications of Small-Scale Cannabis Growers -- 6 'Stories', 'Facts' and 'Myths'. Perceptions of Domestic Cultivators on Potency and Quality of Cannabis -- 7 Professionals or Amateurs? Revisiting the Notion of Professional Crime in the Context of Cannabis Cultivation -- 8 Co-offending Networks in Cannabis Cultivation -- 9 Cannabis Cultivation in the United States -- 10 Cannabis Cultivation in Spain – The Case of Cannabis Social Clubs -- PART III RESPONSES TO GROWING IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD -- 11 Marihuana Behind and Beyond Coffeeshops -- 12 Reforming Laws Applying to Domestic Cannabis Production as a Harm Reduction Strategy – a Case Study -- 13 A Review of Cannabis Properties and Experiments for its Biological Control -- 14 The Seizure Rate of Cannabis Crop Eradication Operations in New Zealand, 1998-2009 -- 15 Keeping Down The Weeds: Cannabis Eradication in the Developed World -- 16 Emerging Trends in Cannabis Cultivation – and The Way Forward

This article examines to what extent and how cannabis users in different countries, with different cannabis legislation and policies practice normalization and self-regulation of cannabis use in everyday life. Data were collected in a survey among a convenience sample of 1,225 last-year cannabis users aged 18–40 from seven European countries, with cannabis policies ranging from relatively liberal to more punitive. Participants were recruited in or in the vicinity of Dutch coffeeshops. We assessed whether cannabis users experience and interpret formal control and informal social norms differently across countries with different cannabis policies. The findings suggest that many cannabis users set boundaries to control their use. Irrespective of national cannabis policy, using cannabis in private settings and setting risk avoidance rules were equally predominant in all countries. This illustrates that many cannabis users are concerned with responsible use, demonstrating the importance that they attach to discretion. Overall, self-regulation was highest in the most liberal country (the Netherlands). This indicates that liberalization does not automatically lead to chaotic or otherwise problematic use as critics of the policy have predicted, as the diminishing of formal control (law enforcement) is accompanied by increased importance of informal norms and stronger self-regulation. In understanding risk-management, societal tolerance of cannabis use seems more important than cross-national differences in cannabis policy. The setting of cannabis use and self-regulation rules were strongly associated with frequency of use. Daily users were less selective in choosing settings of use and less strict in self-regulation rules. Further differences in age, gender, and household status underline the relevance of a differentiated, more nuanced understanding of cannabis normalization.

Since a global War on Drugs was waged around forty years ago, many things changed in the Americas. Overall, by 2013, the manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs widespread throughout these continents. Along with this rising market, the rising severity of convictions and expanded incarceration of the War on Drugs efforts led to increasingly overloaded penal systems. In this unequal region of the world, illegal drug markets expanded hand in hand with violence. Because of being the most widely cultivated, trafficked and used illicit drug, a new generation of cannabis policies seems to be emerging from this critical state of affairs, either pushed by popular referendums or as an attempt to lower the burden on the criminal justice system. In some cases, cannabis use offences were pulled out of the criminal sphere into the administrative one, in order to create a more suitable legal framework for policy interventions. In The Netherlands, cannabis was de facto legalized through dispensaries euphemistically called "coffeeshops", relying on a discretionary enforcement of the law. Recent United States referendum-driven changes to legalize cannabis selling have forced to a conspicuous inconsistency between nationally endorsed prohibitions and locally arranged regulations. Within this increasingly diverse policy landscape, Uruguay surprised the world in December 2013, becoming the first nation in extensively regulating cannabis. Behind the approval of this law, an odd and conflictive combination of national civil society representatives, legislative and executive power entrepreneurs and transnational networks conflated, to make cannabis regulation happen. Based on a ten years following of this political process, in this thesis, the nuts and bolts of Uruguayan reform are exposed. I show how political actors framed the problem of illegal cannabis in different ways and how this had significant connotations for the adoption of alternative policy designs. Causal process tracing is used to relate these dissimilar ...