The transformation of the social structure of modern society, social changes caused by globalization contribute to the formation of new social actors of social change. Constructive potential social actions of people in the process of transformation helps create new forms of social relations and practices. Modern society is characterized by new forms of collective activity, which have the following characteristics: new goals, new social community, new means of action, a new type of organization.In Ukraine, the transformation is accompanied by changes in understanding their role of citizens in the management of society. The advantage of democratic values promotes alternative social structures of civil society and the gradual accumulation of experience informal organizational activity.A very important study of social movements as a type of collective action to change, the transformation of values and institutions of society. The article is devoted to main theoretical approaches to the study of social movements in contemporary sociology (resource mobilization and new social movements); the theoretical interpretation of the structure of social movements, comparative analysis of social movements and social organizations.Proved that feature social movements are an intermediate position between the group, social organization, institutions as agents of collective action and the public in general and the ambivalence of the organizational structure that includes a network of informal relations and organized form.Keywords: social movement, social movement organization, social organization, resources, networking social organization. ; Проаналізовано трансформацію соціальної структури сучасного суспільства та соціальні зміни, зумовлені процесами глобалізації, що сприяють формуванню но-вих суб'єктів соціальних перетворень. В статті розглянуто накковий дискурс щодо соціальних рухів та уточнено основні поняття їхнього дослідження. Запропоновано теоретичну інтерпретацію структури суспільних рухів та здійснено порівняльний аналіз суспільних рухів та соціальних організацій. Ключові слова: суспільний рух, організація суспільного руху, соціальна організація, ресурси, мережева соціальна організація.
The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom's contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models ('the tragedy of the commons', 'the prisoner's dilemma', 'the logic of collective action') are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom's experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.
This paper presents two approaches to interpretation of collective terms in social and political philosophy. The author proves that realism is founded on series of logical mistakes and doubtful metaphors, and argues in favor of constructivism. ; У статтi розглядаються двi стратегiї iнтерпретацiї збiрних понять у соцiальнiй i полiтичнiй фiлософiї. Автор доводить, що реалiзм базується на серiї логiчних помилок i сумнiвних аналогiй, та аргументує на користь стратегiї конструктивiзму.
It is established that at the present stage of development the networks bring cardinal changes in all spheres of public life, and consequently have influence on the formation of collective action. An example of this is the World Wide Web, computer tutorials, interactive installations in art, computer animation, digital video and photography that present new social space, which is found in new ways of world outlook and worldview by the person, in new technologies, forms, tools, activities, etc. It is mentioned that network interaction is democratic and transparent. The participant of the network interaction is an active personality who forms around himself or herself the coalition and the union that a priori forms collective action. It is proved that the network is always interaction between individuals aimed at the organization of groups for the purpose of forming collective action to settle certain problems. In this case, the network is defined as a group of three or more people that collaborate to achieve both personal and collective goals. The place of trust in the network interaction and what it matters for collective action has been studied. It is noted that trust can arise only on the basis of common values, compared perception of the social world, own and other social practices, realizing the opportunity of their harmonization.Key Words: network, collective action, group, interaction, virtual world, trust. ; Встановлено, що на сучасному етапі розвитку мережі вносять кардинальні зміни у всі сфери суспільного життя, а відповідно мають вплив і на формування колективної дії. Прикладом цього є всесвітня павутина, комп'ютерні навчальні програми, інтерактивні інсталяції у мистецтві, комп'ютерна анімація, цифрові відео й фотографія, що презентують новий соціальний простір, який виявляється у нових способах світобачення й світорозуміння його людиною, у нових технологіях, формах, засобах діяльності тощо. Відмічено,що мережева взаємодія є демократичною й прозорою. Учасник мережевої взаємодії є діюча, активна особистість довкола якої формується коаліція та союз, що в апріорі утворюють колективну дію. Обґрунтовано, що мережа – це завжди взаємодія між індивідами спрямована на організацію групи з метою формування колективної дії для вирішення тих чи інших проблем. У цьому випадку під мережею розуміється група з трьох та більше осіб, що співпрацюють з метою досягнення не лише власних, а й колективних цілей. Розглянуто місце довіри у мережевій взаємодії і те яке вона має значення для колективної дії. Відмічено, що довіра може виникнути лише на основі спільних цінностей, зіставленого сприйняття соціального світу, своїх власних та інших соціальних практик, усвідомлення можливості їхнього узгодження.Ключові слова: мережа, колективна дія, група, взаємодія, віртуальний світ, довіра. Установлено, что на современном этапе развития сети вносят кардинальные изменения во все сферы общественной жизни, а соответственно влияют и на формирование коллективного действия. Примером этого является всемирная паутина, компьютерные обучающие программы, интерактивные инсталляции в искусстве, компьютерная анимация, цифровые видео и фотография, представляющих новое социальное пространство, которое оказывается в новых способах мировоззрения и миропонимания его человеком, в новых технологиях, формах, средствах деятельности и тому подобное. Отмечено, что сетевое взаимодействие является демократической и прозрачной. Участник сетевого взаимодействия является действующая, активная личность вокруг которой формируется коалиция и союз, что в априори образуют коллективное действие. Обосновано, что сеть – это всегда взаимодействие между индивидами направлена на организацию группы с целью формирования коллективного действия для решения тех или иных проблем. В этом случае под сетью понимается группа из трех и более человек, которые сотрудничают с целью достижения не только собственных, но и коллективных целей. Рассмотрено место доверия в сетевом взаимодействии и то какое она имеет значение для коллективного действия. Отмечено, что доверие может возникнуть только на основе общих ценностей, сопоставленного восприятия социального мира, своих собственных и других социальных практик, осознание возможности их согласования.Ключевые слова: сеть, коллективное действие, группа, взаимодействие, виртуальный мир, доверие. It is established that at the present stage of development the networks bring cardinal changes in all spheres of public life, and consequently have influence on the formation of collective action. An example of this is the World Wide Web, computer tutorials, interactive installations in art, computer animation, digital video and photography that present new social space, which is found in new ways of world outlook and worldview by the person, in new technologies, forms, tools, activities, etc. It is mentioned that network interaction is democratic and transparent. The participant of the network interaction is an active personality who forms around himself or herself the coalition and the union that a priori forms collective action. It is proved that the network is always interaction between individuals aimed at the organization of groups for the purpose of forming collective action to settle certain problems. In this case, the network is defined as a group of three or more people that collaborate to achieve both personal and collective goals. The place of trust in the network interaction and what it matters for collective action has been studied. It is noted that trust can arise only on the basis of common values, compared perception of the social world, own and other social practices, realizing the opportunity of their harmonization.Key Words: network, collective action, group, interaction, virtual world, trust.
The problem issues of the theory of subjects of collective labor relationships are investigated in the article.The arguments about the term that should mark the group of employees of the one employer, who exercise collective labor rights and who are united by the one collective interests are mentioned. The appropriateness of using the term «work collective» for description the subject of collective labor relationships is denied and the arguments for the term «collective of employees» are mentioned. The definition of the term «collective of employees» is proposed. The collective of employees is the social legal community of people, who are in the individual labor relationships with one (common) employer and who are able (or should) carry actions for realization of collective labor rights in the cases, explicitly provided by the law. The arguments for the collective of employees is the separated subject of collective labor relationships that can decide issues on its own by using the direct democracy or by representatives are mentioned.The nature and scope of the concept of collective of employees are determined. The conclusions of scientists that the owner, who performs the contract, and bodies, authorized by him, are not members of the collective of employees are detained. The collective of employees consists of at least three employees and is a transformative institution (it can be changed depending on the number of employees, structural units within which the collective is formed, the kind of collective labor relationships).Special features of the sectoral legal personality of collective of employees are clarified. It is proved that the legal presumption of labor legal personality of the collective of employees is exist. The arguments that the presence of at least three employees is the objective moment of acquisition of the legal personality by the collective of employees are mentioned.The forms of legal actions of collective of employees are determined. The author believes that the general meetings, the conference, the authorized representation, the collective compulsory (public or secret) poll of the collective of employees are these forms. The author proposed to make amendments to the labor legislation about the obligation, not the right, of the employee to take a part in the general meetings of the collective of employees or in the collective poll for determination an objective and real opinion of collective of employees about issues that have an important common value for all employees of the collective (or for their majority). ; З'ясовано проблемні питання теорії суб'єктів колективно-трудових правовідносин: 1) заперечено доцільність використання терміна «трудовий колектив» для позначення суб'єкта колективно-трудових правовідносин та наведено аргументи на користь поняття «колектив працівників»; 2) запропоновано колективом працівників вважати спільність трьох і більше осіб, які працюють за трудовим договором в одного роботодавця; 3) підтримано тезу, що колектив працівників є цілісним суб'єктом правовідносин певного виду; 4) наведено аргументи на користь законодавчої презумпції трудової правосуб'єктності колективу працівників з моменту, коли він (колектив) об'єктивно сформувався з трьох працівників; 5) визначено форми правової діяльності колективу працівників (загальні збори, конференції, уповноважене представництво, колективне обов'язкове (гласне або таємне) опитування).
The article analyzes the impact of the mode of production of material life for solidarity and collective action of workers. Analysis revealed sectoral polarization of views between traditional industrial proletariat and the latest servicing proletariat. The class consciousness of the Ukrainian workers hampered paternalistic nature of the relationship with the administration of domestic companies (both public and private), while work in enterprises with foreign capital contributes activist type of political consciousness. Rising income workers to direct their constructive methods of settling disputes with the administration and simultaneously eliminates their readiness to protest action. Instead, low income contributes to alienation in the working environment. ; У статті аналізується вплив способу виробництва матеріального життя на солідарність та колективні дії робітників. Аналіз виявив галузеву поляризацію поглядів між традиційним індустріальним пролетаріатом та новітнім обслуговуючим пролетаріатом. Класова свідомість українських робітників гальмується патерналістським характером відносин з адміністрацією вітчизняних підприємств (як державних, так і приватних), тоді як праця на підприємствах з іноземним капіталом сприяє активістському типу політичній свідомості. Зростання доходу робітників спрямовує їх до конструктивних методів вирішення суперечок із адміністрацією і водночас нівелює їхню готовність до протестних дій. Натомість низький рівень доходів сприяє відчуженості у робітничому середовищі.
Introduction Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social and economic life. It is associated with satisfaction of human needs in certain goods and services. However employment of the population produces gross national product, and so is the economic basis of society. At the same time, employment has social character. It reflects the needs of people not only in earnings, but also self through socially useful activities. Thus, employment of the working population is a highly topical issue of social and economic life, which is not only limited to the problems of unemployment and includes such aspects as sustainable use of labor; ensure a decent standard of living of the working population; meet the needs of the economy in the labor force with regard to its quality and quantity; meet the professional needs of workers, including the need for professional education and maintenance training; social support in case of job loss, etc. The interest to study of the problems employment and unemployment has intensified in recent decades due to the rapid decline of general economic and social indicators of Ukraine.Purpose of research is the methodological aspects of the employment of the working population as a system of economic relations of society that has developed between employers and employees in relation to providing the latest jobs. The workplace is one of the objects of the employment system. It defines the working conditions (normal, hard, bad), modes of work and rest, nature of work (a wide, monotonous, etc.). From working conditions depends on the value of the cost jobs and of wages of workers.Methods Method of scientific analysis of theoretical material, statistical analysis and comparison, deductive-indicative method, theoretical generalization.Results consists in the deepening the theoretical and methodological analysis of categories of employment, recommendations on solving the problems of effective employment and overcome the negative effects of unemployment.Originality consists in the peculiarities of methodological analysis and practical projections on employment and unemployment.Conclusion Recent events in Ukraine that led to the loss of territories, military operations are conducted, show that the state shaking deep socio-economic and political problems. The critical state of the economy and politics does not resolve the problem of employment and fight unemployment. Without deep reforms in all spheres of economic and social life can not hope for positive changes in the life of the state and every Ukrainian.
The article is devoted to the controversial issue of ontology of collective entities in sociology, political philosophy and methodology of humanities. The article represents opinions of modern nominalists denying the existence of collective entities and realists emphasizing their existential status and demanding to reform monistic ontology of modern philosophy. The article analyzes the realistic theory of collective entities represented by a French philosopher and sociologist Philippe Urfalino who offered some classification criteria for identification collective entities that differ from principles of individuation physical and abstract objects. The scientist defines collective entities as collective agents but not as substances and employs principles of philosophy of action to study them. The article demonstrates a great contribution made by P. Urfalino into development of pluralistic ontology and realization of its principles while studying certain types of collective entities. ; Статтю присвячено суперечливому питанню онтології колективних сутностей у соціології, політичній філософії та методології гуманітарних наук. Автор викладає позиції сучасних номіналістів, котрі заперечують існування колективних сутностей, та реалістів, котрі наголошують їхній екзистенційний статус і вимагають перегляду моністичної онтології в сучасній філософії. У статті проаналізовано реалістську теорію колективних сутностей, репрезентовану французьким філософом і соціологом Філіпом Урфаліно, котрий запропонував кілька класифікаційних критеріїв ідентифікації колективних сутностей на відміну від принципів індивідуації фізичних та абстракних об'єктів. Вчений визначає колективні сутності радше як колективні аґенти, а не субстанції й застосовує принципи філософії дії для їх дослідження. У статті розкрито великий внесок, зроблений Ф. Урфаліно в розвиток плюралістичної онтології та втілення її засад при вивченні певних типів колективних сутностей.
Introduction: The number of hostile takeovers in Ukraine increases every year. Because of spreading of raiding, the economy of Ukraine loses 19.5–64.2 bn. UAH annually. Consequently, the raiding is still one of the dominant threats to the national economy and economic entities. The consequences of raiding is rooting principles of unfair competition, violation of freedom of entrepreneurship, leveling private property institutions, promotion bribery within law enforcement bodies, courts, government agencies and others.Purpose. Explore and determine features of raiding problem in Ukraine.Methods: The analysis and theoretical generalization.Results: The problem of the spread of raiding in Ukraine. Analyzed anti-raiding legislation for years 2015-2016 and its impact on the scope of unlawful seizure of property.Originality: The fact of non-compliance of the current legislation in order to counter raiding in Ukraine and recommendations to protect business-owners.Conclusions: The examined legislative developments in combating raiding taken in Ukraine during 2015-2016, found gaps that impede the effective fight against illegal change of business-owners. Determined factors that draw attention of the raiders to enterprises and provide recommendations for protecting businesses from unlawful seizure.
Introduction. The rapid changes taking place in the age of globalization are modifying the attitudes toward time and disrupting its linear vision. Nowadays the absolute uncertainty looms over the image of the future. Mentioned above necessarily brings us to the problem of identity, which primarily concerns memory. After all, it is memory (individual, collective) that makes us who we are, shaping our identity and determining our belonging to a certain community. The aim and tasks of the research is to theoretically reconstruct speculative searches of the foundations of the phenomenon of collective memory. Research methods are to analyze the modern literature devoted to studying of phenomenon of a collective memory; to compare traditional and postmodern paradigms in understanding the essence of the phenomenon of a collective memory; to identify further prospects for the transformation of collective memory in a situation of postmodern disintegration. Research results. Theinterdisciplinary method was used to consider the phenomenon of collective memory in cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, philosophy; method of historiographical analysis – for the systematization of primary sources and scientific literature, devoted to studying the phenomenon of collective memory; hermeneutic method – for explanation and interpretation of works of contemporary authors who are specialists in this field of scientific knowledge today; comparative analysis – to compare traditional and postmodern understanding of the essence of collective memory. No less fruitful there was the method of categorical-conceptual analysis, which made it possible to specify and clarify the terminological chaos that prevails today in the scientific works of native and foreign scientists. Along with the above, such general scientific methods as comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, etc., have played an important role. Discussion At all times, at the individual memory level ...
In modern conditions, the problem of cohesion of military collectives became particularly relevant. Traditional approaches to the unification of servicemen on the basis of "friendship and fraternity" proved to be ineffective. The events of recent years have shown the existence of fundamental contradictions in the thoughts, views and actions that led to the facts of betrayal and separatist actions. The formulation of a military oath for a certain part of the military and law-enforcement agencies has become a formality.The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem aspects of assessing the unity of military personnel in National Guard of Ukraine military units in accordance with the main areas in which there is interaction between them and the conditions of unification as one of the factors of the morally-psychological state of military personnel and units.The proposed option for assessing the cohesion of military units can be considered as one of the possible tools for periodic use by commanders (without special training) in the short term to obtain sufficiently objective information on changes in one of the essential processes of group dynamics and the existing problems in this area with purpose of timely and adequate response to them.Practical aspects of military men's cohesion evaluation that characterize the fullness, authenticity and the procedure of obtaining information about the concerted action of military men during the duty tour are considered. ; Розглянуто проблемні аспекти оцінювання згуртованості військовослужбовців підрозділу, які характеризують повноту, достовірність та процедуру отримання інформації про міжособистісну взаємодію у процесі служби.
In modern conditions, the problem of cohesion of military collectives became particularly relevant. Traditional approaches to the unification of servicemen on the basis of "friendship and fraternity" proved to be ineffective. The events of recent years have shown the existence of fundamental contradictions in the thoughts, views and actions that led to the facts of betrayal and separatist actions. The formulation of a military oath for a certain part of the military and law-enforcement agencies has become a formality.The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem aspects of assessing the unity of military personnel in National Guard of Ukraine military units in accordance with the main areas in which there is interaction between them and the conditions of unification as one of the factors of the morally-psychological state of military personnel and units.The proposed option for assessing the cohesion of military units can be considered as one of the possible tools for periodic use by commanders (without special training) in the short term to obtain sufficiently objective information on changes in one of the essential processes of group dynamics and the existing problems in this area with purpose of timely and adequate response to them.Practical aspects of military men's cohesion evaluation that characterize the fullness, authenticity and the procedure of obtaining information about the concerted action of military men during the duty tour are considered. ; Розглянуто проблемні аспекти оцінювання згуртованості військовослужбовців підрозділу, які характеризують повноту, достовірність та процедуру отримання інформації про міжособистісну взаємодію у процесі служби.
The article argues that the task of preserving peace, preventing armed conflict, and preventing the destruction of people during military and ethnic conflicts requires the combined efforts of the world community. The issue of the role of UN peacekeeping activities, participation of individual states in it, including Ukraine, is considered. It has been proven that the war in Ukraine, caused by Russia's military aggression, has shown that the world has not become stable, as conflicts are erupting in many countries, as in previous years. The current war in Ukraine, caused by Russia, has shown the inadequacy and ineffectiveness of UN support for ending the war and ensuring international security. It has been established that, historically, NATO's main role has been to ensure the freedom and security of its member countries through political and military means. NATO adheres to the values of democracy, individual freedom, the rule of law and the peaceful settlement of disputes. World experience shows that neutrality today is economically, politically and securely disadvantageous. It is substantiated that new unforeseen threats and security challenges pose a problem of choice for every civilized country: military neutrality or participation in the system of collective security. Joint action is needed against a common threat. The nature of the threat has changed, the means to combat it have changed - too, but the principle has remained the same - the collective defense of countries united by common values. Emphasis is placed on the fact that today Ukrainians are learning a lesson: peace agreements signed by governments that participate in or encourage mass violations of human rights have no value and cannot be implemented in practice. It has been proved that in such a situation it is not expedient to maintain peace by mutual consent, it must be resolved by joint action. In the course of the research the authors used the methods of historical approach, comparison, theoretical generalization of description, ...
The paper is the study of the modern conservative ideology axiological side. The views of American and German neo-conservatives, French «new right» thinkers, as well as communitarians close to conservatism in some aspects are analyzed. It is asserted that modern conservatism like all political ideologies is based on definite values. The inference is made about specific character of these values which are intentionally concrete and appear to be the models for acting in accordance with them. The paper shows conservatives overcoming the axiological contradictions between individual and social, objective and subjective features of values. Conservative thinkers find the foundation of values in the sphere out of history as well as the historical factors. Modern conservatism is in search of the basis uniting the values of community and the values of individuals. The problem of values formation is viewed by conservatism in most cases as the problem of their implementation in the result of different social institutes activities. The educational role of the state as well as non-state institutes – family, church, national culture – is appreciated. Conservatism is devoid of illusions as for the possibility to end the conflicts of values in society. It leads to rather pessimistic vision of nowadays events and our nearby future.
In article attempt of systematization of the various forms of existence and manifestation of corruption, highlighted in the modern system of social and humanitarian knowledge, is presented in the context of further clarification of its nature and content as a social and political phenomenon. The emphasis is on the explanation of the link between the proposed variants of classification of corruption and development of various methodological approaches to the study of its problem field.Key words: corruption, corruption relations, political crime, deviant behavior. ; У статті здійснюється спроба систематизації різних форм існування та прояву корупції, виокремлених у сучасній системі соціально-гуманітарних знань, у контексті подальшого уточнення її природи та змісту як соціально-політичного феномена. Акцент робиться на обгрунтуванні зв'язку між запропонованими варіантами класифікації корупційних дій та розробкою різних методологічних підходів до вивчення її проблемного поля.Ключові слова: корупція, корупційні дії, корупційні відносини, політичний злочин, девіантна поведінка.
