Suchergebnisse

open ; 18 ; Funding text The support received by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU), the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation "EaSI" (2014–2020), the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), and the New Zealand Ministry of Health is gratefully acknowledged. ; Cosmetic devices using non-ionizing radiation (NIR) are increasingly available for people who wish to modify their appearance for aesthetic purposes. There are a wide range of NIR modalities used for cosmetic procedures, including devices that use optical radiation (laser, intense pulsed light, and light-emitting diode), electromagnetic fields, and ultrasound. Common procedures involving the application of NIR include epilation, skin rejuvenation, body sculpting and contouring, treatment of vascular and skin lesions, tattoo removal, and scar reduction. The majority of research on the use of NIR cosmetic devices has focused on the efficacy of the treatment rather than adverse effects or complications. Studies that assessed safety consisted mostly of case reports and small case series. Common adverse effects on the skin reported include mild and transient pain, erythema, swelling, and changes in pigmentation. Less common, more severe side effects include burns, blisters, scarring, persisting erythema, altered pigmentation, and eye damage. Some of the latter may have resulted from treatment errors. Particular groups of people that may be at greater risk from optical radiation include people with dark skin, with high sun exposure, and taking photosensitizing medications or supplements. There is lack of evidence for the safety profile of cosmetic NIR procedures during pregnancy. Reports of injuries to workers administering treatments with cosmetic NIR devices are rare, but inadvertent damage to the eye from optical devices may occur. Randomized controlled trials are required to fully assess potential adverse effects from the use of ...

It's Time to Reflect on What We Do. Bioethics, Environment and PandemicResumen Desde sus orígenes la bioética fue concebida como ciencia de la supervivencia. Sus aportes recobran vigencia ante la situación pandémica y de crisis civilizatoria que cuestiona nuestros modelos de producción y desarrollo Nos proponemos un breve recorrido por las diversas vertientes actuales, desde la ética ambiental, la ecoética, la bioética ecológica y la Bioética fundada en los derechos humanos y algunas consideraciones éticas acerca de la situación ambiental odierna. Desde allí nos parece oportuno destacar algunos aspectos, tal vez poco considerados, y que cobran relevancia en este presente de transiciones y cambios, como son la revisión del enfoque tradicional de la salud a su valor como bien social y comunitario, la discusión y aportes acerca del bien común y los bienes comunes y de la Justicia ambiental que urge incorporar en los procesos productivos, en la economía y la política.Abstract From its beginning, Bioethics was conceived as a science of survival. Their contributions regain validity in the face of the pandemic situation and the crisis of civilization that questions our production and development models. We propose a brief review of the various current aspects, from environmental ethics, eco-ethics, ecological bioethics, human rights based bioehics, and some ethical considerations about the environmental situation or human beings. From there, it seems appropriate to highlight some aspects, perhaps little considered, and that become relevant in this moment of transitions and changes, such as the review of the traditional approach to health, to its value as a social and community good, the discussion and contributions about of the common good and the common goods, and of the environmental justice that it is urgent to incorporate in the productive system, as well as in economy and politics. Key words: Environmental Bioethics, Community Health, Common Goods, Environmental Justice.

Within the context of the FP7 JOLISAA project (JOint Learning in and about Innovation Systems in African Agriculture), an inventory of agricultural innovation experiences was developed in three African countries: Kenya, South Africa and Benin. The main objective was to assess a broad diversity of multi-stakeholder agricultural innovation processes involving smallholders. National teams used literature searches and interactions with a range of institutions and networks engaged in agricultural innovation to identify cases. Interviews with resource persons and field visits were also conducted to supplement the available / accessible documentation. The inventory was made according to a common analytical framework and guidelines inspired by the Innovation System perspective to allow for an analysis across cases and countries. The completed inventory includes 57 documented cases, covering a wide diversity of experiences, in terms of types, domains, scales and timelines of innovation. The 57 cases confirm previously documented features, such as the diversity of stakeholders involved in innovation, the diversity of innovation triggers, or also the frequent occurence of market driven innovation. It also illustrates more original features: the typically long time frames of innovation processes; the common occurrence of "innovation bundles" (a combination over time of technological, social and/or institutional innovations); and an often close relationship between innovation and externally-funded projects. National teams faced several challenges during the inventory process, including a common understanding and consistent use of key innovation-related concepts, and a difficult access to relevant information related partly to restrictions put by several case holders on sharing openly their experience. Out of the inventory, JOLISAA has selected thirteen cases which will undergo a subsequent phase of collaborative assessment. The assessment will strive to assess issues the inventory could not tackle, such as the actual roles and contributions of the various stakeholders, the dynamics of the innovation process, and the influence of the enabling environment on the innovation process and outcome.

As the global financial and economic crisis hit the European Union, no country was left unharmed. To this day, the Member States share the burden of excessive foreign debt, inflation, budget deficit, high unemployment levels, shaken stability of the currency, and many more. Multiple responses were introduced to these damaging effects, including adopting changes to the use of the Globalisation Adjustment Fund, enabling a Financial Stability Mechanism for the Euro zone and introducing a number of micro-financing instruments, particularly to support SMEs. Nevertheless, these have all been short-term actions, which will not suffice to ensure a long-term, sustainable economic growth of the European economies and maintain the EU's position among global political and economic leaders. European leaders have adopted the Europe 2020 strategy for economic growth, which addresses all key-areas of economic growth - from innovations to employment and environment. Yet, the greatest challenge to this goal remains regional cohesion - namely, full economic and social convergence of the regions and Member States of the European Union. After thirty six years of a common Regional policy and over twelve years since the creation of the Cohesion policy, the remaining economic and social disparities within the Union are striking. What is more, the distribution of cohesion financing, similarly to the Common Agricultural policy direct payments, continues to portray a significant weakness in the common objectives of fair competition and solidarity among Member States. Within the next multiannual financial framework of 2014-2020, Regional and Cohesion policy of the EU will have a fundamental importance in eliminating existing disparities among regions, providing for a sustainable economic growth, increasing the EU's competitiveness and implementing the ambitious Europe 2020 goals. It can therefore be considered as a key element in Europe's economic recovery. This paper provides an analytical examination of the goals, strategies and current ...

Colloque du 5 Novembre à Angers : variétés nouvelles et modes de culture adaptés, Colloque du 26 novembre 2009 à Lyon ; National audience ; Regulations related to registration and certification in each EU member state rely upon 12 European directives, pillars of common legislation for seeds and plants marketing. The objectives of these regulations are to guarantee to users that every variety is perfectly identifiable and thus distinct of any other registered variety (DUS tests), that it has a sufficient value of cultivation and use (VCU tests) and that seeds or plants actually belong to the right variety (control and certification). Registration regulation relies upon two sets of tests. DUS tests are compulsory and harmonized at European and world levels, through OCVV and UPOV respectively. VCU tests are into force only for agricultural species and may differ among states depending on technical and economic conditions or objectives. In France, the decision to register a new variety to the national Catalogue is made by the Ministry of Agriculture on the advice of CTPS, based upon VCU and DUS tests performed by GEVES. Beyond managing the catalogue, the CTPS is also commissioned to accompany and orientate the genetic progress to find the better balance between the expectations of the end-users and the civil society, breeders' technical and genetic capabilities and the attractiveness of other member states in terms of access to the common catalogue for varietal innovations with the same features. Since the 60s, plant breeding actively contributed to public aims: improving productivity of the French agriculture, ensuring food security of the country, developing competitiveness of industrial supply chains in an open common market, proposing new species and new markets, meeting new challenges for environment, health and biodiversity preservation. Through many examples, this paper shows how the CTPS took into account every change of the objectives and how it incorporates the new requirements of agriculture with regard ...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest one approach to achieve a better connection between industry and academia. Some definitions of staff development, to better understand the complex process of learning in terms of a functionalist, performance improvement and self‐development perspective are outlined. Some operational dilemmas that face both the manager and educationalist are considered in terms of a need to deliver quality, productivity and cost effective goods and services.Design/methodology/approachThe topic examines the need to bridge the process of management and academic staff development such that both managers and academics can experience a common understanding of critical thinking. As both become more involved in complex activities that cannot be addressed by purely technical solutions a critical perspective is described that questions and examines the underlying assumptions, commonsense, taken for granted aspects of the working environment. This critical perspective provides a common arena and shared connection between industry and academia for mutual benefit, shared understanding and exploitable opportunities.FindingsThe notion of single and double loop learning is proposed with the latter being considered as a successful way to address some of the common incompatible norms, structures and procedures encountered by both industry and academia. Learning is examined in terms of knowledge, research, theory and application. A critical perspective involving reflection, emancipation, the use of dialogue and the sharing of tensions and dilemmas is described that challenges the rational and prescriptive nature of what stands for much of industry and academic work.Practical implicationsPractitioners involved in the staff development process will have an interest in such an approach.Originality/valueThe critical learning theory described in this paper can be used to draw closer the management and education arenas in such a way that can ensure industry and academia are better informed and challenged.

The removal of internal customs barriers, the introduction of Euro and the suppression of frontier controls (Schengen treaty), joined with the enlargement of number of Members from 15 up to 25 represent the most meaningful aspects of the integrating process between the Countries of European Union before the forthcoming European Constitution. The actual configuration of the Union still completed the initial plan of a "Common Market", obtained introducing some complying elements in the course of time. The last step of this integrating process was represented by the adoption of a common currency that really transformed the Union area in a unique market. The adoption of a common currency represented the main care versus the integration process. The reason of this care is that it really represents the first step towards the giving up of some intrinsic privileges in the sovereignty of a State. These steps are (and will be) requisite for a full achievement of the European Union aims. Nevertheless, some recent national events showed how much that unconfessed fear was undoubtly well-grounded. A first unexpected effect of the introduction of Euro is the possibility to outline all the persistent differences between States in a more effective way. These differences enable also to identify the heterogeneous conditions of economic, political, social and cultural behavior of each Country. The increased effectiveness of Internet made this evaluation more simple, enabling to consider the whole virtual environment as an immediately reachable place to obtain information, services and goods from sources that are distributed in all over the world. The aim of this paper is to outline that the homogeneity of internal market of European Union is still not completed showing some specific examples. A further attempt is to identify some factors of persistence of the still existing differences between European Countries.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) requires robust sustainability indicators (SI) that gauge the 'health' of the coast in relation to environmental, economic and social activity. They are essential tools for monitoring the state of the coastal environment to inform managers and policy makers of the effectiveness of strategies in achieving sustainability. At the European level, a set of 27 SI has been adopted in November 2004, to facilitate an integrated and common approach to monitoring, and to measure whether we are moving away from or towards more sustainable coasts.The SAIL partnership is a trans-national ICZM effort bordering the Southern North Sea, seeking regeneration of regional economies of Zeeland (NL), West-Flanders (B), Nord-Pas de Calais (F), Kent and Essex (UK), and the protection and enhancement of cultural and natural diversity. The SAIL project on SI, taken forward by VLIZ from January 2004, attempts to assemble compatible datasets for all 27 indicators at a very local level, through one common methodology and systematization tools such as fact sheets and mapping products. Datasets of different format and from varied sources must be 'pre-packaged' for the coastal zone. Data and metadata are stored in an SQL database and shared on the web. An 'SVG Sniplet Server' (SSS) was developed to improve performance of an interactive mapping tool of high-resolution maps for the SAIL region. Data capture has been completed for 20 indicators covering high-priority policy issues at the coast such as changes in the extent and quality of protected areas, significance of tourism, ports and fisheries, second homes, social deprivation and climate change.This initiative is the first to tackle the EU set of 27 SI for the coastal zone through a coordinated trans-national approach based on a common methodology. The set of SI will be instrumental to EU Member States in preparing their national coastal strategies in 2006.

Our Ph.D. deals with the issue of hospital performance: its context, background, and conditions of improvement. The search for performance appears to face a crisis of legitimacy both in the private and public sectors. In particular, in the health care organizations sector, the government is reforming health care ways of control, but these reforms stumble over the lack of actors' common vision of performance. Indeed, the ways of thinking performance are either based on rational goal models, on resource acquisition models, on internal decision process models or on human relations models. These theoretical models, even when they are combined, convey the lack of common vision that leads to divergences in decisions and actions. Since, performance is a social construct, its improvement implies to look for a common definition of this term, rather than to set up additional tools to monitor hospitals' activity. This is why we worked on the means to obtain a common vision of performance among health professionals, to a priori ensure the convergence of individual actions and decisions toward global health care mission. Within hospitals, common vision depends on a common vision of the stakes of performance, of the hospital diagnostic and of the priorities of performance. These three points of common vision lie within the three dimensions of performance (horizontal, vertical and lateral) and come in a variety of forms in each hospital, depending on their environment. ; La problématique de notre thèse est la performance hospitalière, son contexte, ses fondements, ses conditions de réalisation. La quête de performance apparaît en réponse à la crise de légitimité que connaissent tant les secteurs publics que les secteurs privés. Dans le champ hospitalier, face à cette crise, les pouvoirs publics ont réformé les modes de régulation de l'offre de soins, mais ces réformes achoppent sur le manque de vision partagée des fondements de la performance. Celle-ci est tour à tour appréhendée par les acteurs sur la base de quatre types de modèles : objectifs rationnels, structure, processus internes, et relations humaines. Ceci conduit à une vision éclatée de la performance et à des divergences dans les décisions et actions individuelles. Or, la performance est un construit social et son amélioration repose sur une vision partagée de ses fondements, donc nécessite d'en revoir les modalités d'appréhension, en les centrant non pas sur la recherche d'outils supplémentaires d'évaluation de l'activité, mais sur la recherche du sens commun de la performance. C'est pourquoi dans le cadre de recherches-actions, nous avons travaillé sur les modalités d'obtention d'une vision partagée de la performance au niveau de l'hôpital, lors de la définition du projet d'établissement, pour assurer a priori une convergence des décisions et actions individuelles vers les objectifs. Au sein de l'hôpital, la vision partagée de la performance repose sur une vision partagée des enjeux de la performance, du diagnostic de la situation et des priorités définies. Ces trois points d'appui de la vision partagée s'inscrivent dans les méta-dimensions de la performance (performance verticale, horizontale et latérale) et se déclinent de manière singulière pour chacun des établissements selon leurs contingences propres.

Our Ph.D. deals with the issue of hospital performance: its context, background, and conditions of improvement. The search for performance appears to face a crisis of legitimacy both in the private and public sectors. In particular, in the health care organizations sector, the government is reforming health care ways of control, but these reforms stumble over the lack of actors' common vision of performance. Indeed, the ways of thinking performance are either based on rational goal models, on resource acquisition models, on internal decision process models or on human relations models. These theoretical models, even when they are combined, convey the lack of common vision that leads to divergences in decisions and actions. Since, performance is a social construct, its improvement implies to look for a common definition of this term, rather than to set up additional tools to monitor hospitals' activity. This is why we worked on the means to obtain a common vision of performance among health professionals, to a priori ensure the convergence of individual actions and decisions toward global health care mission. Within hospitals, common vision depends on a common vision of the stakes of performance, of the hospital diagnostic and of the priorities of performance. These three points of common vision lie within the three dimensions of performance (horizontal, vertical and lateral) and come in a variety of forms in each hospital, depending on their environment. ; La problématique de notre thèse est la performance hospitalière, son contexte, ses fondements, ses conditions de réalisation. La quête de performance apparaît en réponse à la crise de légitimité que connaissent tant les secteurs publics que les secteurs privés. Dans le champ hospitalier, face à cette crise, les pouvoirs publics ont réformé les modes de régulation de l'offre de soins, mais ces réformes achoppent sur le manque de vision partagée des fondements de la performance. Celle-ci est tour à tour appréhendée par les acteurs sur la base de quatre types de modèles : objectifs rationnels, structure, processus internes, et relations humaines. Ceci conduit à une vision éclatée de la performance et à des divergences dans les décisions et actions individuelles. Or, la performance est un construit social et son amélioration repose sur une vision partagée de ses fondements, donc nécessite d'en revoir les modalités d'appréhension, en les centrant non pas sur la recherche d'outils supplémentaires d'évaluation de l'activité, mais sur la recherche du sens commun de la performance. C'est pourquoi dans le cadre de recherches-actions, nous avons travaillé sur les modalités d'obtention d'une vision partagée de la performance au niveau de l'hôpital, lors de la définition du projet d'établissement, pour assurer a priori une convergence des décisions et actions individuelles vers les objectifs. Au sein de l'hôpital, la vision partagée de la performance repose sur une vision partagée des enjeux de la performance, du diagnostic de la situation et des priorités définies. Ces trois points d'appui de la vision partagée s'inscrivent dans les méta-dimensions de la performance (performance verticale, horizontale et latérale) et se déclinent de manière singulière pour chacun des établissements selon leurs contingences propres.

Maintenance management of existing building supported on BIM -- Extending access to BIM information: merging augmented reality interfaces and semantic enrichment -- A review on the digitalization of on-site production management - Case study in a Portuguese construction company -- Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and Common Data Environment. The Case Study of Palazzo Vitelli in San Giacomo in Città di Castello -- A workflow for photogrammetric and thermographic surveys of buildings with drones -- Digital asset production using lean design management. A conceptual framework -- Risk Assessment Comparative Analysis by the Method "Level of Preventive Action" in Three Case Studies -- An open-source built heritage management tool for inner areas -- The role of Blockchain technology in the future of construction -- Trustless Construction Project Information Exchanging Using Hyperledger Blockchain -- Open-access software implementation for critical path problems arising in planification theory -- Spanish construction emerging risks about health and psychosocial risk -- Real Estate Market: Smart Renaissance.

"Seeking Justice: Access to Remedy for Corporate Human Rights Abuse explores victims' varying experiences in seeking remedy mechanisms for corporate human rights abuse. It puts forward a novel theory about the possibility of productive contestation and explores governance outcomes for victims of corporate human rights abuse across Latin America. This foundation informs three pathways that victims can use to press for their rights: working within the institutional environment, capitalizing on corporate characteristics, and elevating voices. Seeking Justice challenges the common assumptions in the governance gap literature and argues instead that greater democratic practices can emerge from productive contestation. This book brings to bear tough questions about the trade-offs associated with economic growth and conflicting values around human dignity - questions that are very salient today, as citizens around the globe contemplate the types of democratic and economic systems that might better prepare us for tomorrow"--

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Table -- Introduction -- Data Protection and Data Security -- How Computers Communicate with Each Other -- Example: Notation of MAC-Addresses -- Example -- What Can Happen to Data? -- Hazards in the Technical Environment -- Dangerous Software -- 6.1 The Trojan Horse -- 6.2 The Virus -- 6.3 The Logical Bomb -- 6.4 The Keylogger -- 6.5 The Sniffer -- 6.6 The Back Door -- Removable Media, USB Devices, Smartphones and Other Mobile Devices -- Telephone Systems -- The Greatest Danger in a Digitalized World -- Data Destruction -- Data Backup and Restore -- Encryption -- Website Hacking -- Common Security Problems -- 14.1 Working Consoles that Are Not Locked -- 14.2 Printer Stations and Multifunction Devices -- 14.3 Working with Administrator Privileges -- 14.4 The Internet of Things and Industrial Control Systems -- Identification of Computers and IP Addresses -- The Firewall -- The Router -- Configuration of Security Systems -- The Demilitarized Zone -- Organizational Data Security -- Notes -- Closing Words -- Literature -- Further Reading -- Index.

This book evaluates local conservation successes of global south in the climate milieu, as an empirical evidence of Bio-rights of commons at community-ecosystem interface for sustainable intensification of natures goods and services. Bio-rights is a right-based neo-economic conservation paradigm that compensates the opportunity costs incurred in conservation efforts by the marginal communities, living near globally important ecosystems and dependent on it for their livelihood, through payments from environment services. The book would bring forth the true value of circular economic interventions in socio-ecological conservation, shaped through sustainable human interactions with nature. This multilevel study of conservation science serves an interdisciplinary academia, consistent with conventions on climate change, bio-diversity and sustainable development, to establish links between conservation priorities and development objectives. Herein, Bio-rights is introduced as a design approach for production linked sustainable development, supplemented with case studies from the east.

Introduction : the rights of Adivasis : historical predicaments and contemporary horizons / Antje Linkenbach and Vidhu Verma -- Development hubris and the dubious recognition of the environment and indigenous resource rights in Indian politics / Antje Linkenbach -- Adivasi and natural resources : self-ownership, dispossession, and self-determination / Vidhu Verma -- Adivasi economics and investment-forced displacement / Felix Padel -- Constitution as commons, spatial justice, and estrangement in Adivasi India : the continuing legacy of three legal cases / Kalpana Kannabiran -- Judiciary and tribal rights in India : shifting terrains of judicial pronouncements / Jagannath Ambagudia -- Mining and dispossession : exploring the exclusion of the tribals in Keonjhar District in Odisha / Seema Mallik -- Water as resource : social differentiation, reform, and water users associations in western India / Suhas Bhasme -- Land is our ancestor : gender, land acquisition, and the Nagri movement in Jharkhand / Rahul Ranjan -- Changing land rights in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya : a gendered approach / Kavita N. Soreide.