Suchergebnisse

In Turkey both the theoretical and practical several studies have been done in the context of the definition, nature and methods of comparative literature; however, most of the studies are far from understanding the comparative literature. It is a fact that the discipline comparative literature compares "what, how, why" has not been fully understand, and that the definitions, scopes and methods of comparative literature lead to confusions, misunderstandings, misperceptions or wrong approaches when literary studies in Turkish are reviewed. In this respect, this study deals with the present state of comparative literature studies at Turkish universities related to the theory, perception and application of comparative literature scholarship in Turkey and focuses on significant mistakes made in the theory and practice related to the comparative literature whose main function is to examine at least two different nations' literatures, interactions between literatures. ; Türkiye'de karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın tanımı, doğası ve yöntemleri bağlamında teorik ve pratik olarak çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır; ancak, çalışmaların çoğu karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimini anlamaktan uzaktır. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat disiplinini, "neyi, nasıl, niçin" karşılaştırdığı tam olarak anlaşılamadığı ve karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın tanımları, kapsamları ve yöntemlerinin Türkçede yapılan edebiyat çalışmaları incelendiğinde karışıklığa, yanlış anlamalara ve algılamalara veya yanlış yaklaşımlara yol açtığı bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki üniversitelerde karşılaştırmalı edebiyat biliminin; kuram, algı ve uygulamasına yönelik karşılaştırmalı edebiyat çalışmalarının mevcut durumunu ele almakta ve temel işlevi en az iki farklı ulusun edebiyatını, edebiyatlar arasındaki etkileşimleri incelemek olan karşılaştırmalı edebiyatla ilgili kuramsal ve uygulamada yapılan belirgin hatalara odaklanmaktadır.

Comparative Literature as Practiced in Iran The origin of comparative literature in Iranian academia goes back to Fatimah Sayyah (1902-1947), whose early death at the age of forty-five brought an end to an era. The seeds of the discipline remained dormant until the beginning of the new millennium, when a narrow nationalistic idea of comparative literature supported Iranian policy makers' hope that the discipline would justify the cultural superiority of their home country over the world, especially the West. In the new period one witnesses a rapid growth of comparative literature studies in Iran. In recent years Iranian comparatists, especially the younger scholars, have found new definitions of the discipline. A origem da Literatura Comparada na universeidade iraniana remonta a Fatimah Sayyah (1902-1947), cuja morte prematura, aos 45 anos, foi o fim de uma era. As sementes da disciplina permaneceram adormecidas até o começo do novo milênio, quando uma ideia nacionalista estreita de Literatura Comparada fundamentou as esperanças dos agentes politicos iranianos de que a disciplina justificaria a superioridade cultural de seu país natal sobre o resto do mundo, especialmente o Ocidente. No novo período. Pode-se testemunhar um rápido crescimento de estudos de Literatura Comparada no Irã. Em anos recentes, comparatistas iranianos, especialmente os mais jovens, encontraram novas definições da disciplina.

In his article "Literary Geography and Comparative Literature" César Domínguez analyzes the relevance of political and linguistic frameworks for comparative literary historiography in the context of the European Union. Domínguez's discussion is based on the notion of geoculture whose theorization from Immanuel Wallerstein's perspective presents paradigms of interest to comparative literature. The idea of literary geography is conceived as a unit for analyzing diverse stages of the interliterary process. Thus, within the framework of the current renaissance of Goethe's concept of Weltliteratur, the phenomena of the literatures of (im)migration, exile, and literary diglossia represent challenges for the contextualization and writing of literary history comparatively. ; SI

Fomeshi, Behnam M. "Green Apples, Red Apples: Politics of Comparative Literature in Iran." Comparative Literature Around the World: Global Practice . Eds. Eugene Eoyang, Gang Zhou, and Jonathan Hart. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2021. 201-218.

Fomeshi, Behnam M. "Green Apples, Red Apples: Politics of Comparative Literature in Iran." Comparative Literature Around the World: Global Practice. Eds. Eugene Eoyang, Gang Zhou, and Jonathan Hart. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2021. 201-218.

The importance of two elements, the definition of Poetry and Comparative Albanian Literature and the historical role it has with regard to the Human Sciences and the position of theory in this essentially literary and culturally discipline, are the focus of the huge debate across academics. The present essay accords briefly with the first element, providing metaphorical elements of focus rather than a finished portrait of one of the contemporary poets in Albanian literature, Fatmir Terziu; then, it takes up the significant moments of the theoretical debate in Poetry and Comparative Literature between Literary Studies on the one hand and Translation and Cultural Studies on the other. Specifically apparently takes my mind, where I want to officiate more is a kind of phrase that used a comparison, literary figures and in particular metaphor, of speech, expression, grammatical formation, seeing it in detail to Terziu's poems as in Albanian and in English. Subject to which I will refer is the metaphorical process that features the poetry of Fatmir Terziu in the current approach Albanian into English. Through the comparative scholarly research extending from the 1990's to through first decade of the 21st century, I describe the shifts of focus in literary studies that emerged in the 1990s, and which resulted in the creation of a new, more politicised Cultural Studies and new configurations of main vs. subsidiary between Comparative Literature and the disciplines contiguous to it: Translation and Cultural studies. With these realignments, I argue, Comparative Literature has been faced with the challenge to restructure itself and its agenda. In this, I finally maintain, it gives 21st-century lessons to the other Human Sciences on the commensurability of angst, survival, and regeneration.Keywords: essay, comparative literature, Fatmir Terziu, The church of the eyes, Delirium, Advert for the Fatherland, poetry, etc.

This article deals the problem of the early Ukrainian modern as very important epoch of Ukrainian and world literature. The solution to this problem is conducted in comparable contexts of European fin de siѐcle. The main idea this work is writers' roles and functions in literary process. In comparative contexts the literary canon as aesthetic phenomenon of a culture are analyzed. The historical, political, social, philosophical, psychological features or the epoch are observed. The separately problem this article is writers' and critic's gender positions. The literary phenomena are analyzed in ontological fields of epoch. It is important to identify areas in which it is appropriate to compare the Ukrainian modern tradition with the world. In the context of comparative studies, a method of scientific research of literary phenomena, processes, figures and works is proposed. In the article the focuses the scientific problem's of the epoch end XIX – beginning XX centyry in Ukrainian literature. The resourses of frontal approach for study difficult material such as movement cultural epoch with its main factors are analised. The main factors is: time borders of period, struggle / cooperation of literary generations, art directions and stules, all diverse creative individual and original individual style in its sense and influence by each writer. Must to analyse the social and cultural, political, religious, scientific, private and everyday constituent of the epoch. The main object of the research (in its historical and philological, philosophical, culture directions) must be creative by writers its need for to ceep integrity of the research. The educational and methodological perspective is pervasive in the article. The focus is on the possibilities of classroom work with students in such difficult to analyze dimensions as interethnic interactions of literary epochs, literary generations, stylistic trends, etc.

Modern comparative literature with globalization phenomenon extends linguistic and political boundaries, even for conserving and revitalizing languages particularly minor languages with cultural and ethnic exchanges. Such this emergence of comparative literature might return from contemporary translational and cultural studies as crucial and effective factors in the study of comparative literature. The role, relationship, and impact of translation and cultural studies on modern comparative literature are explored via a descriptive analysis. Translational and cultural studies in current comparative literature studies facilitate the relevant studies and they play a supplementary role for literary study. This study confirms a significant relationship exists among contemporary translational, cultural, and literary works intangibly and inevitably that helps to study comparative literary works. The findings report cultural and translational studies can be fruity informing literary studies, new writing styles besides intercultural conversation; nevertheless, scholars of comparative literature have argued that their discipline has been significantly subsumed and substituted by translation studies. The results indicate contemporary translation and cultural studies have paved the way for comparative literature researchers to achieve cultural knowledge and to strengthen the culture with developing national literature.

The past two decades have seen a revolution in the Latin American banking industry with a rash of crises, reforms, deregulation, privatizations, and foreign bank investment. The region has become a hot bed of interest in global financial markets. Brazil in particular has seen a significant change in its banking sectors competitive makeup with increases in foreign bank participation and lessening of public bank burden on the federal government. Competition, consolidation, and efficiency measures throughout the region have led to a reexamining of the costs and benefits of consolidated banking sectors and the threat of monopolistic actions of banks. Possible statistical analytical tools for efficiency, concentration, and competition are discussed, such as the Panzer Rosse H-Statistic, Frontier Analysis, and others. The quiet life theory of a monopoly is examined and put up against the efficient structure hypothesis of Demsetz in order to see which theory may hold more credence in the Brazilian banking sector upon further research. The paper finished with the analysis of the Brazilian banking sector and how developments can we do in future research to expand and fortify the previous findings about Brazilian banking sector.

What characterizes the Dutch and British policy on terrorism? Are there any differences? This article reviews the relevant literature that addresses these questions. Several competing visions have been deduced from the literature and are compared in this article on counter-terrorism. Terrorist attacks, particularly those of 9/11, led to a demand for severe counter-terrorism measures. This can be characterized as a trend toward a more "instrumentalist" policy: in the name of security, more civil rights are sacrificed. For the sake of prevention, governments intervene more in the private lives of citizens. Muslims have especially drawn attention in this regard. The UK and the Netherlands are nations with distinct histories, though since 9/11 their policies became more similar because of the internationalization of counter-terrorism. The UK's counter-terrorism policy, however, is more radically instrumentalist. Most literature strongly emphasizes the importance of respecting civil rights, domestic and global social measures, and de-stigmatizing approaches that encourages a debate of the issues.

Comparative literature is the study of a people in prints beyond the author's national boundary with a view to cross-pollinate them for local advantages. Its scope in Nigeria includes the source, the influence, and the affinity to the original text using the tool of adaptation. Its primary interest is in literary importation for socio-political, cultural dialogue and development. This paper discusses comparative literature, intertextuality, and modern drama in Nigeria by drawing a distinction between literary adaptation and translation. It analyses the thematic thrust of Femi "Osofisan's Who's Afraid of Solarin?" which paints the picture of leadership failure and corruption among the political elites and leaders in Nigeria during the first phase of political independence in the 90's some of which are still prevailing in the Twenty-first century. It also examines the sociopolitical similarities such as grant, bribery, corruption, and political structural failure in Nigeria and Russia during the period depicted in Nicolai Gogol's "The Government Inspector", which also captures the same phenomenon in Nineteenth century Tsar Russia. The paper recommends dramatisation of literary texts for sociopolitical re-orientation in Nigeria's political institutions and its inclusion in the school curriculum at the primary and secondary levels.

Since its conception in France in 1877, Comparative Literature, always subject to a critique of Eurocentrism, has been in a state of perpetual crisis. In "The Old/New Question of Comparison in Literary Studies: A Post-European Perspective" (2004), Ray Chow argued for a Post-European perspective in which comparatists begin with the home culture and look outwards to the European cultures, contrary to the dominant approach of doing just otherwise. Missing in Chow's argument is the position of translation in this post-European perspective. In the 14 years between 2004 and 2018, the grandiose claims of comparative literature have been problematized and addressed; the lay of the land, however, remains predominantly Eurocentric, as it still focuses on content disproportionately. In this paper, through a study of English translations of Khayyam's Rubaiyat, and taking Chow's argument further, I argue that with its commitment to transfer the form of a text as much as the content, translation studies can further help comparative literature to distance itself from Europe. To exemplify the implication of this, I suggest that a translation of Khayyam's Rubaiyat from Farsi to English would be more faithful to the original if its translations were to focus on the poem's form rather than the content. I argue that translating with a focus on form would foreignize Khayyam's poetry, hence an act of resistance against cultural hegemony.

Frères Ennemis focuses on Franco-American tensions as portrayed in works of literature. An Introduction is followed by nine chapters, each focused on a French or American literary text which shows the evolution/devolution of the relations between the two nations at a particular point in time. While the heart of the analysis consists of close textual readings, social, cultural and political contexts are introduced to provide a better understanding of the historical reality influencing the individual novels, a reality to which these novels are also responding. Chapters One through Five, covering a period from the mid-1870s to the end of the Cold War, discuss significant aspects of the often fraught relationship from the theoretical perspective of Roland Barthes' theory of modern myth, described in his Mythologies. Barthes' theory helps situate Franco-American tensions in a paradigmatic structure, while at the same time it is supple enough to allow for shifts and reversals within the paradigm. Subsequent chapters explore new French attitudes toward the powerful, potentially dominant influence of American culture on French life. In these sections I argue that recent French fiction displays more openness to the American experience than has existed in the past, and as such contrasts with the more static American approach to French culture.

In this paper, I argue that Greek poetry is a living tradition characterized by a diversity of voices and styles and that Greek poetry is a vital part of contemporary World Literature. The diversity of voices in contemporary Greek poetry gives it both aesthetic value and political relevance. Greek poetry, as it survives translation into a number of languages, including English, gives us a model for the successful translation of texts in both World literature and Comparative literature. A thematic analysis of some poems is presented in this paper. The aim is not to chronicle the contemporary Greek poetic production but to show how Greek poetic tradition continues to expand beyond national boundaries.

This paper analyzes the use of non-literary elements (pictures, erasure method, and jumbled word formatting) in three texts. It argues that the intention of using unconventional writing styles is a method of responding to modern politics and warfare. The paper explores how non-literary elements capture abstract contemporary concepts.