Suchergebnisse

In this fascinating and erudite book, Bryan Cheyette throws new light on a wide range of modern and contemporary writers - some at the heart of the canon, others more marginal - to explore the power and limitations of the diasporic imagination after the Second World War. Moving from early responses to the death camps and decolonisation, through internationally prominent literature after the Second World War, the book culminates in fresh engagements with contemporary Jewish, post-ethnic and postcolonial writers. Cheyette regards many of the 20th- and 21st-century luminaries he examines - among them Hannah Arendt, Anita Desai, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, Primo Levi, Caryl Phillips, Philip Roth, Salman Rushdie, Edward Said, Zadie Smith and Muriel Spark - as critical exemplars of the diasporic imagination. Against the discrete disciplinary thinking of the academy, he elaborates and argues for a new comparative approach across Jewish and postcolonial histories and literatures

Master i sosialfag ; Aims and objectives: In what follows, my aim is to shed light on the social housing sector in Oslo, and how it impacts the ethnic minorities living there. Based on the Norwegian government's goal for everyone to live well and safely, it seems logical that the social rental sector and other municipal policies should promote integration and reduce segregation and marginalization. I aim to explore to what extent the social housing sector in Oslo contributes to achieve these goals. To help illuminate the main features of Oslo's social housing and related policies, the case of Copenhagen will be used as a comparative contrast. Research questions: Based on the above, the wording of my research questions is as follows: To what extent is the social housing sector used as an instrument of integration for ethnic minorities? What are the consequences of municipal social housing policy: To what extent has the social housing sector and related municipal policies contributed to reducing segregation and marginalization of ethnic minority household? What may be done to solve the current challenges connected to ethnic minorities and public housing in Oslo? Background: The Norwegian housing model is based on the goal to have as many people as possible become home owners. Although home ownership today stands stronger than ever, some households are unable to get satisfactory housing in the market, and are therefore left to the social housing sector. Among these households, some ethnic minority groups are overrepresented. Social housing in Norway mainly refers to a marginal and targeted system providing housing only for the most vulnerable (Kvale & Brinkmann, 2009; Sandlie & Gulbrandsen, 2017). Although there are many political and social similarities between Norway and Denmark, Denmark has a completely different social housing system based on all but universal access for all types of households. Moreover, the tenants have a significant influence on their housing situation through a resident democracy. Many therefore believe it would be wise to steer Norwegian social housing policy towards a system similar to our neighbour across the sea. (Skifter Andersen, Andersson, Wessel, & Vilkama, 2016) There are few systematic comparative contributions within the field of Nordic social housing (Andersen, Andersson, Wessel, & Wilkama, 2015; Andersen, Turner, & Søholt, 2013; Andersson et al., 2010; Bengtsson, 2013). However, the impact of social housing on ethnic minorities is rarely addressed in empirically informed research (but see Søholt (2001), Grødem (2011) and Grødem and Skog Hansen (2015) for prominent exceptions) This thesis is meant as a step towards filling this gap in the scholarly literature. Methods and theoretical concepts: In Oslo, 7 semi-structured interviews were conducted. My informants were employees in the social housing sector and related municipal administrative bodies, or represented the Tenant Association and representatives from different social housing estates. In Copenhagen, I interviewed employees in the nonprofit housing sector, the Danish Tenant Association and a senior researcher from the social housing field. Copenhagen functions as a comparative contrast in the thesis – it is not primarily included in the analysis for its own sake, but rather to enlighten the analysis of Oslo, the main case. I analysed my empirical material with the aid of Søholt's theoretical understanding of the terms 'integration', 'segregation' and 'marginalization' (Søholt, 2010), and Ager and Strang´s (2008) conceptual framework for understanding different domains of integration . Findings and conclusions: Given the government's goal for everyone to live well and safely, social housing policies have not succeeded. As long as the social housing sector in Oslo remains a temporary solution for the most disadvantaged, it will be difficult for ethnic minorities to achieve a housing situation on a par with the majority population. The weak integration provided by the social housing sector and related policies, translates into societal marginalization for many social housing tenants, including minority households. This marginalization manifests itself in poor housing and living conditions as well as limited freedom in the housing market. If substantial reforms are not implemented in the future, an ever-increasing market rent combined with a small social housing sector, will surely further weaken the safety net for this part of the population. In this thesis, Danish social housing policy has functioned as a good contrasting example because it illuminates the particularities, faults and shortcomings of the case of Oslo. The peculiar features of the Danish case, includes longer rental contracts, less strict means-testing and a stronger emphasis on social work in the social sector – three reforms that may prove beneficial for the integration of ethnic minority households. Even though social housing in Denmark is not a perfect system without its own problems, the case of Copenhagen proves that it is possible to have a reasonably well-functioning social housing system next to a system favouring homeownership. ; publishedVersion

" By analyzing its position within the struggles for recognition and reception of different national and ethnic cultural groups, this book offers a bold new picture of Israeli literature. Through comparative discussion of the literatures of Palestinian citizens of Israel, of Mizrahim, of migrants from the former Soviet Union, and of Ethiopian-Israelis, the author demonstrates an unexpected richness and diversity in the Israeli literary scene, a reality very different from the monocultural image that Zionism aspired to create. Drawing on a wide body of social and literary theory, Mendelson-Maoz compares and contrasts the literatures of the four communities she profiles. The picture that emerges from this groundbreaking book replaces the traditional, homogeneous historical narrative of Israeli literature with a diversity of voices, a multiplicity of origins, and a wide range of different perspectives. In doing so, it will provoke researchers in a wide range of cultural fields to look at the rich traditions that underlie it in new and fresh ways"--

Die Dissertation als Teil der Parlamentarismusforschung untersucht mit den Bundestagsausschüssen einen wichtigen Teilaspekt des Bundestages, einem der zentralen Akteure im politischen System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei sehr wichtige Bundestagsausschüsse vergleichend im Hinblick auf ihre Leistung analysiert, die beiden verglichenen Ausschüsse sind der Haushalts- und der Europaausschuss. Am Beginn werden politikwissenschaftliche Parlamentarismustheorien daraufhin untersucht, welche Funktionen und Bewertungsmaßstäbe Parlamentsausschüsse und insbesondere Bundestagsausschüsse in ihnen einnehmen. Dazu zeigt sich, dass es überzeugendes Modell zur Bewertung der Leistung von Parlamentsausschüssen bislang nicht vorliegt. Auf den vorhandenen Modellen aufbauend wird daher für den Bundestag in dieser Arbeit die Unterscheidung in die Ausprägungen der "Aktiv parlamentarischen Arbeit in Bundestagsausschüssen (Aktiver Ausschuss)" sowie der "Reaktiv parlamentarischen Arbeit in Bundestagsausschüssen (Reaktiver Ausschuss)" eingeführt und diese zusammenbetrachtet als ein "Neues Ausschussmodell" für den Bundestag vorgeschlagen. Dieses neue Modell wird für den Vergleich der beiden Bundestagsausschüsse angewandt und dabei auch auf seine Tauglichkeit geprüft. Neben den theoretischen Überlegungen erfolgt als notwendige Grundlage auch eine Betrachtung der geschichtlichen Entwicklung von Parlamentsausschüssen in Deutschland, innerhalb des Deutschen Bundestages und der Entscheidungsstrukturen in allen Bundestagsausschüssen. Für die vergleichende Leistungsanalyse werden neben der wissenschaftlichen Literatur unter anderem auch Pressequellen, eigene Beobachtungen des Autors sowie eine empirische Datenerhebung mittels einer komplexen schriftlichen Befragung der ordentlichen Ausschussmitglieder des Haushalts- und des Europaausschusses, einem Interview sowie von Hintergrundgesprächen genutzt. Aufbauend auf diesen Quellen werden die beiden untersuchten Ausschüssen zunächst in zehn wesentlichen und vergleichbaren ...

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation.

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation.

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation.

Background: Currently, about 400 million hectares of tropical moist forests worldwide are designated production forests, about a quarter of which are managed by rural communities and indigenous peoples. There has been a gradual impoverishment of forest resources inside selectively logged forests in which the volume of timber extracted over the first cutting cycle was mostly from large, old trees that matured over a century or more and grew in the absence of strong anthropological pressures. In forests now being logged for a second and third time, that volume has not been reconstituted due in part to the lack of implementation of post-logging silvicultural treatments. This depletion of timber stocks renders the degraded forests prone to conversion to other land uses. Although it is essential to preserve undisturbed primary forests through the creation of protected areas, these areas alone will not be able to ensure the conservation of all species on a pan-tropical scale, for social, economic and political reasons. The conservation of tropical forests of tomorrow will mostly take place within human-modified (logged, domesticated) forests. In this context, silvicultural interventions are considered by many tropical foresters and forest ecologists as tools capable of effectively conserving tropical forest biodiversity and ecosystem services while stimulating forest production. This systematic review aims to assess past and current evidence of the impact of silviculture on tropical forests and to identify silvicultural practices appropriate for the current conditions in the forests and forestry sectors of the Congo Basin, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. Methods: This systematic review will undertake an extensive search of literature to assess the relative effectiveness of different silvicultural interventions on timber production and the conservation value of forests, and to determine whether there is a relationship between sustainability of timber harvesting and the maintenance/conservation of other ecosystem services and biodiversity in production forests. Data will be extracted for meta-analysis of at least sub-sets of the review questions. Findings are expected to help inform policy and develop evidence-based practice guidelines on silvicultural practices in tropical forests. ; Peer reviewed

Background Currently, about 400 million hectares of tropical moist forests worldwide are designated production forests, about a quarter of which are managed by rural communities and indigenous peoples. There has been a gradual impoverishment of forest resources inside selectively logged forests in which the volume of timber extracted over the first cutting cycle was mostly from large, old trees that matured over a century or more and grew in the absence of strong anthropological pressures. In forests now being logged for a second and third time, that volume has not been reconstituted due in part to the lack of implementation of post-logging silvicultural treatments. This depletion of timber stocks renders the degraded forests prone to conversion to other land uses. Although it is essential to preserve undisturbed primary forests through the creation of protected areas, these areas alone will not be able to ensure the conservation of all species on a pan-tropical scale, for social, economic and political reasons. The conservation of tropical forests of tomorrow will mostly take place within human-modified (logged, domesticated) forests. In this context, silvicultural interventions are considered by many tropical foresters and forest ecologists as tools capable of effectively conserving tropical forest biodiversity and ecosystem services while stimulating forest production. This systematic review aims to assess past and current evidence of the impact of silviculture on tropical forests and to identify silvicultural practices appropriate for the current conditions in the forests and forestry sectors of the Congo Basin, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. Methods This systematic review will undertake an extensive search of literature to assess the relative effectiveness of different silvicultural interventions on timber production and the conservation value of forests, and to determine whether there is a relationship between sustainability of timber harvesting and the maintenance/conservation of other ecosystem services and biodiversity in production forests. Data will be extracted for meta-analysis of at least sub-sets of the review questions. Findings are expected to help inform policy and develop evidence-based practice guidelines on silvicultural practices in tropical forests.

This chapter utilizes a literature survey of municipal policies towards immigrants in 24 European cities & Tel Aviv to develop a theoretical framework for comparing local policy reactions to migrants in terms of host-stranger relations. Five basic types of local policy response are proposed in four policy domains to generate a typology for classification of actual & potential policies towards migrants that is tested using the examples of Rome, Tel Aviv, Amsterdam, & Birmingham. These examples highlight the possibilities & difficulties of comparing local policies & support the use of the proposed framework for identification & comparison of policy trajectories & policy domains & issue areas. 3 Tables, 48 References. L. Kehl

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Lingüística general, Lenguas modernas, Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Teoría de la literatura y Literatura comparada. Fecha de lectura: 22-9-2017 ; En la presente tesis se han unido dos obras maestras castellana y persa, el Libro de Buen Amor de Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita y las Robaiyat de Omar Jayyam Neyshaburi, como unos ejemplos destacados de la literatura medieval tanto española como iraní, mediante un estudio comparativo. El objetivo principal de realizar esta comparación ha sido la escasez de estudios comparativos entre los poetas iraníes antiguos con los españoles. Cabe mencionar que es una gran novedad este estudio comparado de estos dos grandes autores. Después de concentrarse en la literatura comparada y crear una base de datos de ambos poetas se realizará un análisis comparativo de la sátira en ambas obras con el fin de descubrir las convergencias y las divergencias. Así, por medio del análisis contextual de dichas obras se puede acceder a las críticas sociales, políticas y filosóficas realizadas por ambos poetas a través de la sátira, con el fin de presentar la realidad determinada de sus épocas. Este análisis comparativo puede ser considerado como un acercamiento al pensamiento de cada uno de los poetas, un conocimiento general sobre su época y una corroboración de la existencia de la sátira en ambas obras. Palabras claves: Libro de Buen Amor, Juan Ruiz, Robaiyat, Omar Jayyam, literatura medieval, estudio comparativo, literatura comparada, sátira, análisis contextual, realidad determinada. ; In this work a comparative study between the middle age (medieval) Spanish and Iranian literatures, repectively, the Libro de Buen Amor by Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita and the Robaiyat by Omar Jayyam Neyshaburi, is carried out. The motivation behind such a study is mainly the lack of comparisons between old Spanish and Iranian poets, and particularly, no comparative study concerning Juan Ruiz and Omar Jayyam is currently available. After collecting a database for both poets, a comparative analysis concerning the satire found in both works is proposed, focusing on the general similarities and dissimilarities, if any, so that such a contextual (conceptual) analysis can give an access to their respective social, political and philosophical critiques, by means of their satire, and therefore, presenting the reality of their times. Such a comparative analysis can be taken as an approach to both author's thought, as a general knowledge about their times and a confirmation of the satire genre in both works. Keywords: Libro de Buen Amor, Juan Ruiz, Robaiyat, Omar Jayyam, middle age literature, comparative study, comparative literature, satire, contextual analysis, reality.

In the article the comparative analysis of views on the essence of social responsibility and some approaches to its formation in foreign and domestic research is given. It is shown that in western literature, social responsibility is considered as a mean of solving the problem of harmonization of social and political institutions with technological changes. It is emphasized that an important component of social responsibility of scientists in the field of engineering is moral responsibility for their actions. The role of ethical codes in coordinating the work of professional unions and associations is determined. The example of teaching special courses, dedicated to create students' professional ethical competence, in western universities, is given. It is noted that in the Ukrainian society the task of developing future specialists' social responsibility is mainly assigned to higher educational institutions. The need of involving students in various forms of socially significant activities is emphasized. Some examples of forms and methods of forming future specialists' social responsibility in domestic universities are offered. Keywords: future specialist, social responsibility, comparative analysis, foreign and domestic experience. ; У статті надано порівняльний аналіз поглядів на сутність соціальної відповідальності та деяких підходів до її формування у закордонних та вітчизняних дослідженнях. З'ясовано, що у західній літературі соціальна відповідальність розглядається як засіб вирішення проблеми гармонізації соціальних і політичних інститутів з технологічними змінами. Наголошено, що важливим компонентом соціальної відповідальності учених у галузі природничих та інженерних наук є моральна відповідальність за свою діяльність. Визначено роль етичних кодексів у координації роботи професійних спілок і товариств. Надано приклад викладання спеціальних курсів у західних університетах, призначених для формування професійної етичної компетентності. Зазначено, що в українському суспільстві завдання розвитку соціальної відповідальності майбутніх фахівців покладено, головним чином, на вищі навчальні заклади. Підкреслено необхідність залучення студентів у різні форми суспільно значущої діяльності. Надано приклади форм і методів формування соціальної відповідальності майбутніх фахівців у вітчизняних вишах. Ключові слова: майбутній фахівець, соціальна відповідальність, порівняльний аналіз, закордонний і вітчизняний досвід. В статье предложен сравнительный анализ взглядов на сущность социальной ответственности и некоторых подходов к ее формированию в зарубежных и отечественных исследованиях. Установлено, что в западной литературе социальная ответственность рассматривается как средство решения проблемы гармонизации социальных и политических институтов с технологическими изменениями. Отмечено, что важным компонентом социальной ответственности ученых в области естественных и инженерных наук является моральная ответственность за свою деятельность. Определена роль этических кодексов в координации работы профессиональных союзов и сообществ. Приведен пример преподавания специальных курсов в западных университетах, предназначенных для формирования профессиональной этической компетентности. Отмечено, что в украинском обществе задача развития социальной ответственности будущих специалистов возложена, главным образом, на высшие учебные заведения. Подчеркивается необходимость вовлечения студентов в различные формы общественно значимой деятельности. Приведены примеры форм и методов формирования социальной ответственности будущих специалистов в отечественных вузах. Ключевые слова: будущий специалист, социальная ответственность, сравнительный анализ, зарубежный и отечественный опыт. In the article the comparative analysis of views on the essence of social responsibility and some approaches to its formation in foreign and domestic research is given. It is shown that in western literature, social responsibility is considered as a mean of solving the problem of harmonization of social and political institutions with technological changes. It is emphasized that an important component of social responsibility of scientists in the field of engineering is moral responsibility for their actions. The role of ethical codes in coordinating the work of professional unions and associations is determined. The example of teaching special courses, dedicated to create students' professional ethical competence, in western universities, is given. It is noted that in the Ukrainian society the task of developing future specialists' social responsibility is mainly assigned to higher educational institutions. The need of involving students in various forms of socially significant activities is emphasized. Some examples of forms and methods of forming future specialists' social responsibility in domestic universities are offered. Keywords: future specialist, social responsibility, comparative analysis, foreign and domestic experience.