Suchergebnisse

The end of the Cold War liberated China & the European Union from the constraints of the bipolar competition & created the conditions for the strategic convergence of the two sides, which was consolidated by China's external openness & internal reforms. This trend is codified in numerous documents offering an official evaluation of the importance of bilateral relations between the European Union & China. None the less there still are many conflicts & divergences which demand a closer reciprocal understanding. The European Union should be more tolerant with the pace of political reforms in China & understand better the great importance of the Taiwan issue, & China should recognize the complexity of European foreign policy & understand the European concerns over Eastern Asia's strategic stability. Adapted from the source document.

This article looks at how India and China debate the relevance of democracy as a regime to their respective development strategies and foreign policies. With special emphasis on the Indian case, it argues that these countries are pursuing divergent models and that this competition has important implications for other Asian countries that are undergoing rapid transition and massive socio-economic transformation. The natural tension between domestic decision-making processes and principles, and exigent external priorities is a typical challenge faced by great powers. But unlike authoritarian China, the eventual success of India's democratic model is crucial to the future of the liberal order. Adapted from the source document.

In Brazil, the tax competition among state governments to attract private investment is not something new. According to the participating states, such measures would allow the economic development of their regions, generating income and employment, in addition to the significant increase in the value added along the supply chains due to increased industrial processing. This study sought to contribute to the topic, analyzing the behavior of value added generated by 11.272 Santa Catarina establishments operating in the textile sector. Were collected the value added informations between the years of 2006 and 2010, resulting in 60 months. To verifying the behavior of textile industries´s value added before and after of tax incentive it was used the panel data model known as "difference in differences" (diff-in-diff). The results show a fall of 32.89% in real value added generated by companies in the sector after the establishment of the ICMS presumed credit. Moreover, while there was an increase of 105% in the monthly rate of growth of value added to the beneficiary companies, there was a fall by 53.30% for the companies not granted the same treatment, which shows a process of migration markets, probably due to the unfair competition generated by the tax incentive. ; No Brasil, a competição tributária entre os governos estaduais para atração de investimentos privados não é algo novo. Segundo os estados participantes, tais medidas permitiriam o desenvolvimento econômico de suas regiões, com a geração de renda e emprego, além do significativo aumento do valor adicionado ao longo das cadeias produtivas, devido à maior transformação industrial. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o comportamento do valor adicionado, gerado por empresas do setor têxtil antes e após a adoção da política pública, considerando os efeitos dos incentivos fiscais como ferramenta indutora de crescimento econômico da cadeia têxtil do Estado. O presente trabalho buscou contribuir para o tema, ao analisar o comportamento do valor adicionado, gerado por 11.272 estabelecimentos catarinenses que atuam no setor têxtil. Foram levantadas as informações mensais referentes ao valor agregado no período de 2006 a 2010, totalizando 60 meses. Para verificação do comportamento do valor agregado das indústrias têxteis antes e após a instituição do incentivo fiscal de ICMS, foi utilizado o modelo longitudinal de regressão para dados em painel, conhecido por "diferenças em diferenças" (diff-in-diff). Os resultados apontam uma queda de 32,89% no valor adicionado real, gerado pelas empresas do setor após a instituição do crédito presumido de ICMS. Ademais, enquanto se verificou um incremento de 105% na taxa mensal de crescimento do valor agregado nas empresas beneficiadas, houve uma queda de 53,30% para as empresas que não obtiveram o mesmo tratamento, o que demonstra um processo de migração de mercados, provavelmente em função da concorrência desleal gerada pelo incentivo fiscal.

Objective: To assess the effects of electoral politics on taxation in health care services in the Brazilian municipalities. Methods: This is a descriptive study that used quantitative methods through multiple regression with panel data. The sample consisted of 3.566 Brazilian municipalities and data were collected on the Public Health Budget Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde – SIOPS) of the Ministry of Health, on the website of Brazil Finances (Finanças do Brasil – FINBRA) of the National Treasury Secretariat, on the repository of the Electoral Higher Court and on the censuses and estimates of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics during the period from 2005 to 2016. The electoral politics was analyzed in terms of: (i) electoral competition; (ii) party alignment between mayor, governor and president; and (iii) reelection. Results: The results show that the party alignment of the mayor with the governor influences positively (p=0.056), while that with the president influences negatively (p=0.00), the taxation in health care services, respectively. The mayor's reelection mandate (p=0.00) and the electoral competition in the run for mayor do not influence taxation in health care services. With regard to geographical location, the Northern municipalities exhibit the lowest percentages of taxation in health care services followed – in an ascending order – by the South, Northeast, Midwest and Southeast regions. Conclusion: Party and political alignment and reelection influence municipal taxation in health care services in the analyzed sample while electoral competition has no effect. ; Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de la política electoral para la aplicación de los impuestos de servicios de salud de los municipios brasileños. Métodos: El estudio es descriptivo y se utiliza de métodos cuantitativos a través de regresión múltiple con datos en panel. La muestra ha sido de 3.566 municipios brasileños y se recogieron los datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre ...

This articleanalyzesthe 'educational experience' of JoséVeríssimoassociated with 'marginalization' and political 'engagement' in the province of Pará. In the context of political polarization between imperial tradition and scientific politics, the competition for the French chair of the Lyceum of Paraense took place (1881) and the Paraense Society Promoting Education (1883-1884) emerged. I consider that the disqualification in the contest was a way of marginalizing the prestigious professional positions and finding about the decay of imperial institutions – knowing the 'knowledge of power' – allowing the engagement in society – promoting the 'knowledge is power' –, while appropriate the Generation 1870 political-cultural practices of contesting the status quosaquaremain the Amazonian context. ; Este artículo analiza la 'experiencia educativa' de JoséVeríssimoasociada con la 'marginación' y el 'compromiso' político en la Provincia de Pará. En el contexto de la polarización política entre la tradición imperial y la política científica, tuvo lugar la competencia por la cátedra francesa del Liceo Paraense (1881) y surgió la Sociedad Promotora de la Educación Paraense (1883-1884). Considero que la descalificación en el concurso fue una forma de marginar las prestigiosas posiciones profesionales y descubrir la decadencia de las instituciones imperiales – conocer el 'conocimiento del poder' –, permitir la participación en la Sociedad – promover el 'conocimiento es poder' –, mientras que apropiarse de las prácticas político-culturales de la Generación 1870 de impugnar elstatusquosaquaremaen el contexto amazónico. ; Este artigo analisa a 'experiência educativa' de José Veríssimo associada à 'marginalização' e ao 'engajamento' político na província do Pará. No contexto de polarização política entre tradição imperial e política científica, ocorreu o concurso para a cadeira de francês do Liceu Paraense (1881) e emergiu a Sociedade Paraense Promotora da Instrução (1883-1884). Considero que a desclassificação no concurso foi uma forma de marginalização das posições profissionais prestigiadas e constatação a respeito da 'decadência' das instituições imperiais – conhecendo o 'saber do poder' –, permitindo o engajamento na Sociedade – promovendo o 'saber é poder' –, ao se apropriar das práticas político-culturais da Geração 1870 de contestação do status quo saquarema no contexto amazônico.