Le NEPAD entre partenariat et gestion des conflits
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Band 68, Heft 2, S. 335-350
ISSN: 0032-342X
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Band 68, Heft 2, S. 335-350
ISSN: 0032-342X
World Affairs Online
Establishing conditions that meet climate requirements should be one of the most important goals of the whole world in order to protect against the negative effects of climate change. Without cooperation and considerable commitment from everyone, it is possible that these negative effects will worsen. The implementation of the Energy Policy from now until 2050 should facilitate the transformation of the coal-based power system toward a more sustainable and diversified mix of energy sources. Financial investments in the countries analyzed in this paper create real opportunities and changes for the transition toward renewable energy sources (RES), but there is criticism concerning the insufficient speed of change and the costs of the transformation for society. The dominant emphasis on the optimum selection of energy sources creates conflicts, especially in democratic decision-making. Resource management is both incremental and participatory, and while decisions are strongly based on science, the decision-making process is rarely rational or comprehensive. It is difficult to estimate environmental costs, especially because there is no method for comparing the many criteria between the different energy sources since there are differences in the energy efficiency results obtained in different areas. Public opinion is of great importance and it has a huge influence on the development of the development strategies and policies that are undertaken. Therefore, as part of our analysis, we conducted research using a questionnaire to obtain opinions on fundamental issues regarding the climate and energy strategies that have been adopted in the EU. This was important for achieving the main goal of this article, which is a multidimensional analysis of activities aimed at adapting the national economy to the EU strategies that are responsible for reaching the energy and climate goals by 2050. The low-emission energy transformation is aimed at introducing significant changes for the entire economy while at the same time ensuring the implementation of the so-called European triad of goals (energy security, energy competitiveness and climate protection), which often contradict each other in practice.
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In: Conflict management and peace science: CMPS ; journal of the Peace Science Society ; papers contributing to the scientific study of conflict and conflict analysis, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 163
ISSN: 0738-8942
We discuss the extent of compatibility of timber and non-timber forest product (NTFP) extraction in two neotropical localities from biophysical, social, and institutional perspectives: the community concession forests of the Pete´ n, Guatemala, and extractivist communities in northern Bolivia. In both localities, timber is harvested via reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. In Guatemala, themain NTFP extracted is foliage from the understory xate palm (Chamaedorea spp.); in northern Bolivia, the fruits of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa). The Guatemalan case suggests a relatively high degree of compatibility due to low timber harvesting intensities, coupled with temporal, spatial, and social segregation of xate extraction in a well-defined land tenure system. In northern Bolivia, forest management regulations pay little attention to NTFPs and land tenure issues and related conflict complicate efforts to limit timber harvesting impacts on Brazil nut trees. The introduction of timber management plans overlain on customary property rights systems in which the extraction of Brazil nut is organized could undercut its management system. The two case studies suggest that specific legislative, education, and project interventions may help to promote the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction and management. These include formal training of foresters on NTFP ecology and management while taking into account the perspectives of multiple stakeholders in the design of management plans. Tropical forest users, researchmanagers, and policymakers will also better understand the need for integrated management of timber and NTFPs, if the trade-offs and potential economic benefits from NTFP extraction are clarified.
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In: Strategic policy: the journal of the International Strategic Studies Association ; the international journal of national management, Band 27, Heft 8-9, S. 2
ISSN: 0277-4933
Having been both a university researcher and an administrator for a methods development laboratory focused on creating solutions to address human wildlife conflicts, I have acquired an appreciation for multiple perspectives on the role of research in the field of wildlife damage management and have first-hand experience with the never-ending debate over whether to utilize some of our limited resources to invest in wildlife research or to fully use those resources to address the most pressing wildlife issues of the day. This debate is particularly relevant nowadays, for in times of budgetary stress, research of any type often is viewed as a luxury that can be reduced in favor of on-the-ground, applied needs associated with very real societal, political, and economic demands. In reality this situation is no different from similar, ongoing debates that pit funding for education and other investments in our future versus those societal issues and needs perceived to be more relevant today. In both scenarios, loss of funding for investments in our future have the potential to bankrupt our society of the innovative technologies needed to address emerging needs and/or of the highly trained and educated workforce needed to use these technologies. In times like these, we need to be reminded of the wisdom of our predecessors, those who took the long view and invested in our future by devoting resources to support research that produced technologies that we take for granted every day. The goal here is to remind us of the value of these investments and point to the emerging challenges in wildlife damage management. I also hope to challenge researchers in the field of wildlife damage management to take the long view themselves and to think about how to provide the innovative solutions that will be needed tomorrow rather than simply describing what we do today.
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This work focuses on the Swedish humanitarian efforts in Afghanistan and Palestine. Using the cases of Diakonia and SCA I consider long-term NGOs activity in conflict and post conflict regions as development aid with humanitarian approach. Based upon ideas of social constructivism and new humanitarianism I explore the theory and practice Swedish official and private humanitarian efforts. One of the main principle of social constructivism -the coherence agenda - has been reinterpreted such that humanitarian action have become one of the primary form of political action (rather than merely a substitute for it) and is reflected in a number of substantive changes in the humanitarian architecture. As a result of it Conflict Prevention became the one of the main priorities of Swedish foreign policy and was implemented on the ground, field and in new structure of MFA and SIDA. Principles of new humanitarianism - right-based approach, result-oriented management and focus on capacity building efforts - are now in the core of Swedish NGOs activities. After more then 30 years of needs based assistance SCA drifts to development goals; meanwhile human rights advocacy efforts became the main priorities for Diakonia . But both NGOs keep the 'heritage' of classical humanitarian principles: unconditional approach to any assistance activity, deep roots in local communities and focus on the commune level. And this 'synthetic' approach lets Swedish NGOs to have more influence then one can expect based upon theirs modest funds. The main challenge for Swedish NGOs and for Swedish Humanitarian Policy in general is to organize the effective coordination between all actors (including the military ones) in conflict areas. Now the internal struggle within the MFA and SIDA to maintain Conflict Prevention as a security issue or a development one still not finished yet. As a result NGOs and SIDA abstain from joint military-civilian humanitarian operations in conflict areas that reduce assistance efforts in conflict and post-conflict regions.
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In: Middle East report: MER ; Middle East research and information project, MERIP, Band 33, Heft 2, S. 2-7
ISSN: 0888-0328, 0899-2851
Becoming a great customer service manager requires a mastery of skills beyond those needed by frontline employees. Filled with the same accessible, step-by-step guidance as Customer Service Training 101, this user-friendly book shows readers how to develop the skills they need to communicate, lead, train, motivate, and manage those employees responsible for customer satisfaction. Designed for new managers and veterans alike, Customer Service Management Training 101 covers essential topics, including: Planning and goal setting ò Time management ò Team development ò Conflict resolution ò Providi.
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 49-60
ISSN: 1432-1009
Gift Basket diplomacy is an interest-based approach to negotiation that encourages voluntary commitments as incentives for cooperation. International diplomats used this approach during the Nuclear Security Summits (NSS), and it is the new standard for international cooperation. This model was successfully replicated in climate talks and led to a global effort to combat climate change. The use of house presents, and gift baskets encourages leadership and team building, to excel beyond intractable consensus-based stalemates. The Gift Basket Diplomacy model may reduce South Asia's nuclear risk and enhance crisis management by increasing diplomatic efforts during regional party talks and cooperative engagements, by keeping negotiators on a focused path to substantive counterterrorism and border security cooperation.
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In: The Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 147-169
The international legal framework developed by the United Nations for the management and sustainable use of fisheries resources has not prevented the severe depletion of world fish stocks. In order to be effective, international agreements have to be voluntarily implemented by national governments. This process of domestic implementation has been little investigated by regime theory, despite the rich array of frameworks developed by policy studies. Therefore, this article seeks to contribute to regime theory through the use of insights coming from implementation research. In order to do so, the domestic implementation of international fisheries agreements in the People's Republic of China is investigated. Responsible fisheries are not yet a common practice in China, although the country has adapted its legal framework to international requirements. The execution of new laws has been jeopardised not only by the lack of resources, but mainly by institutional conflicts and unclear policy contents. Adapted from the source document.
In the last few decades construction sector in Iran has been developing rapidly compared with other industries in this country. Economically, Iran government has placed a significant emphasis on this industry as a consequent of the escalating social demand of commercial, industrial and residential constructions especially low-cost housing and affordable accommodation. However, this sector is still suffering from low productivity and it is still running on traditional way of doing business. Therefore, a well-organized transformation in order to reduce cost, time and waste in construction sector to cope with this situation seems to be necessary. It is argued that one of the well-thought techniques that possibly could be the solution to construction industry's conflicts and time and cost overruns is the Supply Chain Management (SCM), the concept that has emerged and developed in car manufacturing industry and has brought success to that industry as well. It is believed that supply chain management has the potential to enhance the overall productivity of the construction industry in many ways. Yet, this technique has not been practiced efficiently in many countries particularly in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to develop an adequate conceptual framework with the aim of implementing SCM in Iran construction industry on the base of an indepth literature review and analyzing the current performance of the industry throughout a questionnaire survey collected from industries' experts and stakeholders. The collected responds were statistically analyzed and not surprisingly, project quality improvement, site procurement enhancement, project cost and time reduction are the most significant benefits of the construction supply chain management (CSCM) implementation. Industrialization, BIM (specifically 4D & 5D designs) and advanced technologies (e.g. IT, ERP etc.) are selected as most important variables for implementing CSCM and on the other hand lack of trust, poor subcontractor identification and priced based selection are counted as main barriers in implementing SCM. Subsequently, by implementing this framework it is believed that potential benefits like project cost and time reduction, quality improvement and site procurement management improvement can be achieved. Keywords: Iran construction industry, supply chain implementation, construction supply chain management, SCM framework, construction management ; Öz: İran inşaat sektörü, ülkedeki diğer sektörlerle karşılaştırıldığında son on yılda hızla geliştirmektedir. İran hükümeti, ekonomik olarak, özellikle, ticari, endüstriyel ve düşük maliyetli konut inşaatları ve uygun fiyatlı konaklama yerlerine olan artan toplumsal talebin sonucu olarak bu sektöre önem vermiştir. Ancak sektör, düşük üretkenlikte ve geleneksel iş yapma usulleriyle çalışmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu durumla başa çıkmak için inşaat sektöründe maliyet, zaman ve israfı azaltmak amacıyla iyi bir organizasyonel dönüşüm gerekli gibi görünmektedir. İnşaat sektöründeki çatışmalar, zaman ve maliyet aşımlarına muhtemelen çözüm olabilecek iyi düşünülmüş tekniklerinden biri araç imalat sanayinde ortaya çıkmış bir kavram olan ve geliştirilerek sektörde başarılı olan Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi (TZY)'nin olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Tedarik zinciri yönetiminin birçok yönden inşaat sektörünün genel verimliliği artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Oysa, bu teknik, birçok ülkede ve özellikle İran'da etkin bir biçimde ele alınmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, derinlemesine bir literatür taraması ve bir anket çalışması ile endüstrideki uzman kişi ve paydaşlardan elde edilen sektörün mevcut performans analizine dayanarak inşaat sektöründe Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminin uygulanması için yeterli bir kavramsal çerçeve geliştirmektir. Toplanan veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi ve şaşırtıcı olmayan bir şekilde, proje kalite geliştirme, saha tedarik geliştirme, proje maliyet ve zaman azaltma inşaat tedarik zinciri yönetimi (İTZY) uygulamasının en önemli faydalarıdır. Endüstrileşme, Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (YBM) (özellikle 4B ve 5B tasarımlar), ve ileri teknolojiler (Bilişim teknolojileri ve Kurum Kaynak Planlaması) en önemli değişkenler olarak seçilmiş ve diğer taraftan güven, zayıf taşeron tanımlaması ve fyiyat bazlı seçim TZY uygulamasında başlıca engeller olarak sayılmıştır. Sonrasında, bu çerçeveyi uygulayarak proje maliyeti ve zaman azaltma, kalite iyileştirme ve saha tedarik yönetimi geliştirme gibi potansiyel yararların elde edilebilir olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: İran inşaat sektörü, tedarik zinciri uygulaması, inşaat tedarik zinciri yönetimi, TZY çerçevesi, inşaat yönetim ; Master of Science in Civil Engineering. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2016. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim Yitmen.
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In: International negotiation: a journal of theory and practice, Band 7, Heft 3, S. 339-361
ISSN: 1382-340X
Studies of militarized interstate dispute (MID) outcome variables have focused particularly on whether these disputes have resulted in war. With a few exceptions, this simple dichotomous dependent variable categorization largely ignores numerous militarized disputes with outcomes that fall short of war along with their respective settlement method. We propose that theories & findings on war might not apply to non-war disputes. This is especially true when considering approaches to conflict management. We find that (1) the outcome of war almost always results in one side prevailing. Negotiated settlement & compromise are more likely outcomes of non-war disputes. (2) Power relations play a key role in outcomes of war but have a much-reduced impact on non-war outcomes. (3) Territorial issues are associated with dispute occurrence & war. Territorial issues, at the same time, seem to lend themselves to negotiated & compromise outcomes. (4) Ripeness occurs at the mid-severity range as opposed to lower or higher levels. 8 Tables, 43 References. Adapted from the source document.
Governing after War examines how civilians' and rebels' wartime relations affect post-war state-building, development, and violence. When rebels win the war, how do they govern afterwards? Drawing from multiple cases in Africa, Shelley Liu argues that wartime rebel-civilian ties are important to answer this question. Her findings offer implications for recent rebel victories and, more broadly, for understanding the termination, trajectories, and political legacies of such conflicts around the world.