Suchergebnisse

The dubashes, Indian intermediaries at the service of the French administration, played a key role in Pondichéry in the second half of the 18th century. This role has evolved during the period, marked by the conflicts with England and the economic difficulties of the counter. The article envisages how the position of the dubash is constructed through interactions with colonial administration. The position of the Indian agents is unstable due to strong competition and distrust from the French government. The dubashes of the Tiruvengadam family seek to limit the instability they face through written strategies. They remain essential agents for the French people. Their knowledge of local social structures and cultural forms is indeed necessary for the exercise of authority. ; International audience The dubashes, indian intermediaries serving the French administration, played a key role in Pondicherry during the second half of the eighteenth century, a role that evolved throughout this period marked by conflicts with the British and economic difficulties in the colony. This paper examines the construction of the dubashes' position through interactions with the colonial administration. Intense competition among Indian agents, as well as distrust on the part of the French governement, made this role an unstable one. The dubashes of Tiruvengadam's family sought to limit the instability they confronted through the use of the strategic use of the written word. They remained essential agents for the French, as their knowledge of local social structures and cultural forms was necessary for the exercize of the colonial authority. ; The dubashes, Indian intermediaries at the service of the French administration, played a key role in Pondichéry in the second half of the 18th century. This role has evolved during the period, marked by the conflicts with England and the economic difficulties of the counter. The article envisages how the position of the dubash is constructed through interactions with colonial administration. The ...

Que la médiation intervienne dans le champ des conflits juridiques, dans celui de l'éducation et de l'enseignement, dans les quartiers en déshérence, ou encore dans les musées en pleine effervescence, elle est caractéristique de l'hypermodernité aux abois, en quête de solutions pour raccommoder un tissu social abimé. Le projet de médiation souffre de son succès ; au fil des années, il est devenu un concept flou, mêlant aspirations philosophico-politiques et quête de méthodologies efficaces. Aussi, nous commencerons par un travail de redéfinition nominale, avant d'envisager quelques-uns des grands débats que suscite la médiation, notamment dans ses substitutions technologiques. Enfin, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement au projet qu'elle dessine dans le champ de la culture et de l'art ; là, nous prendrons le temps de réfléchir sur les méthodes et les enjeux qu'elle recouvre. ; Whether mediation takes place in the field of legal conflicts, in education and teaching, in abandoned neighbourhoods, or in thriving museums, it is characteristic of a hypermodernity in dire straights, striving to find ways to repair a damaged social fabric. Mediation is now the victim of its own success : over the years, it has become a vague concept, combining philosophical and political aspirations with a search for efficient methods. This article begins by redefining the term before then considering some of the major debates it has generated, particularly in its technological substitutions. Finally, the article looks more specifically at the project of mediation in the field of culture and art, looking in detail at the methods and issues at stake.

Mediation is increasingly mobilized for the regulation of violent political conflicts. However, it has yet to arouse the interest of French political science. Essentially North-American, existing researches tend, in a realistic & often quantitative perspective, to over-estimate the role of the 'mediations' carried out by governments, diplomats or international institutions. After making a critical inventory of these publications, this article evokes the much less visible mediations carried out by actors as varied as NGOs, moral & religious authorities, foundations & academics. It attempts to analyze the political issues behind their actions & raises the question of whether these mobilizations are in keeping with a strategy of dissimulation & depoliticization typical of diplomatic State action, or if they constitute a more fundamental ethical rupture in methods of peacemaking. Adapted from the source document.

Nigeria's leadership role in inter-African relations remains a myth despite the country's assertiveness in the areas of liberation, conflict mediation and regional economic integration. Rhetoric and posturing in inter-African diplomacy have become a substitute for reality. Furthermore, the weakness of the Nigerian domestic structure and the effects of the structural adjustment programme negate Nigerians capabilities to exert a leadership in inter-African diplomacy.

The Role of The UN in Conflict Mediation The UN, through its General Secretary and the Security Council in particular, have a long experience of conflict mediation. The growth of peace-keeping operations obviously supported this trend. We should however raise some paradoxes: Since the 1993 "peak" (year when the number of "blue helmets" reaches a historical maximum), more and more operations are conducted by regional organizations (NATO, EU, AU), which engage, to different degrees, in mediation; The UN reinforces and seeks to reinforce its capacities (creation of the UN Peacebuilding Commission, flanked of a Support Office, which programs are funded by a Fund), but many mediations are carried out by personalities mandated and financed by States. The conflict of Cyprus is one of the rare ones where, besides the mission of interposition, the UN carried out quasi alone the mission of mediation, and this since 1964. In spite of successive failures (for example "the Set of Ideas" en1994 and the "Annan Plan" in 2004), the UN remains the most credible mediator. Which lessons the UN has learned and could learned from its Cypriot experience? Did it apply to Cyprus methods and lessons learned from other conflicts? Which use could it make in its other attempts of mediation? ; L'ONU, à travers son Secrétariat général et le Conseil de sécurité notamment, a une longue expérience de la médiation dans les conflits. La croissance des opérations de maintien de la paix a évidemment favorisé ce mouvement. Il nous faut cependant relever quelques paradoxes : depuis le « pic » de 1993 (année où le nombre de « casques bleus » atteint un maximum historique), de plus en plus d'opérations son conduites par des organisations régionales (OTAN, UE, UA), lesquelles s'engagent alors, à des degrés divers, dans la médiation ; l'ONU renforce et cherche à renforcer ses capacités (création de la Commission pour la consolidation de la paix, flanqué d'un Bureau d'appui, dont les programmes sont financés par un Fonds), mais de nombreuses médiations ...

Since the abortive coup in October 1993, Burundi has been in a severe crisis, however, lately reaching a more hopeful situation. The international community has made substantial efforts at preventing the escalation of the conflict and at contributing to a process for sustainable peace in the country. This includes the UN system, bilateral countries and in particular the neighbouring states. A number of NGOs have been among the actors. Here the efforts of some major NGOs lending their support to Burundi's peace process are discussed both as regards their support for peace building and for support to peace mediation. The aim has been to assess their performance based on their aims and objectives in relation to respective NGO's overall reasons for coming to Burundi in the first place, as well as their wider aims. Efforts are made to find common denominators and possible conclusions and recommendations useful for others involved in similar activities in Burundi and elsewhere. (Afr Dev/DÜI)

Our research sees mediation as a sociological object and places it at the heart of a total social fact. It cannot be reduced to a technique for conflict resolution, but its definition is complicated insofar as it is produced by its different applications. The problematic nevertheless takes into account the permanency of the word, which is examined in the context of familial, penal and social mediation. This progression in the deconstruction of mediation allows us to question how it absorbs the dimensions of conflict and the third party. In a logical reversal of roles, the arrival of a mediator upon the scene of a conflict makes him the mediator of his mediation. This troubling mechanism will be seen to be confirmed by discourse analysis of the Emplois-jeunes scheme in France in the 1990s and by a bibliographical survey of this theme. As an indispensable means of regulation and control of the social world, mediation is a justification of the notion of connection. It thus becomes a tool in the production of the social, even when this tool is turned back on itself to model, and prompt a fundamental critique of its production, be it civil, political or economic. By giving the impression that any problem is only acceptable because it will be dissolved by mediation, the role of the latter changes to one of a civil religion. It then operates through an exchange between immanence and transcendence, forcing the party troubling the social order to go back to the order of things for fear of worse to come. As a philosophy of the reasonable, mediation becomes the quest, and the reason for living, of human beings living together. ; Notre recherche saisit la médiation comme un objet sociologique et le situe au coeur d un fait social total. Non réductible à une technique de résolution des conflits, sa définition est complexe car produite au gré de ses applications. La problématique tient tout de même compte de la permanence du mot qu elle teste sur les champs des médiations familiales, pénales et sociales servies par la ...

Our research sees mediation as a sociological object and places it at the heart of a total social fact. It cannot be reduced to a technique for conflict resolution, but its definition is complicated insofar as it is produced by its different applications. The problematic nevertheless takes into account the permanency of the word, which is examined in the context of familial, penal and social mediation. This progression in the deconstruction of mediation allows us to question how it absorbs the dimensions of conflict and the third party. In a logical reversal of roles, the arrival of a mediator upon the scene of a conflict makes him the mediator of his mediation. This troubling mechanism will be seen to be confirmed by discourse analysis of the Emplois-jeunes scheme in France in the 1990s and by a bibliographical survey of this theme. As an indispensable means of regulation and control of the social world, mediation is a justification of the notion of connection. It thus becomes a tool in the production of the social, even when this tool is turned back on itself to model, and prompt a fundamental critique of its production, be it civil, political or economic. By giving the impression that any problem is only acceptable because it will be dissolved by mediation, the role of the latter changes to one of a civil religion. It then operates through an exchange between immanence and transcendence, forcing the party troubling the social order to go back to the order of things for fear of worse to come. As a philosophy of the reasonable, mediation becomes the quest, and the reason for living, of human beings living together. ; Notre recherche saisit la médiation comme un objet sociologique et le situe au coeur d un fait social total. Non réductible à une technique de résolution des conflits, sa définition est complexe car produite au gré de ses applications. La problématique tient tout de même compte de la permanence du mot qu elle teste sur les champs des médiations familiales, pénales et sociales servies par la constante de l intégration. Cette progression dans la déconstruction de la médiation permet de questionner son absorption des dimensions du conflit et du tiers. Un retournement logique de l arrivée du médiateur sur le théâtre conflictuel le rend médiateur de la médiation. Il incarne alors la capacité de la médiation à la duplication de son mode opératoire. Ce mécanisme troublant sera confirmé par l analyse des discours dans et autour du dispositif Emplois-jeunes à la fin des années 90 et par la saisie bibliographique sur ce thème. Indispensable à la régulation et au contrôle du monde social, la médiation justifie la notion de lien. Elle devient ainsi un outil de constitution du social, même lorsque celui-ci se retourne pour modéliser et animer une critique de fond de sa production, qu elle soit civile, politique ou économique. En laissant croire que tout problème n est acceptable que parce qu il sera dissous par elle, la médiation change de destinée et accède au rôle de religion civile. Elle fonctionne alors par échange entre l immanence et la transcendance, obligeant celui qui trouble l ordre social à revenir naturellement à l ordre des choses par crainte du pire. Philosophie raisonnable, la médiation devient la quête et la raison de vivre des humains vivant ensemble.

Research on emotions and other psychic dimensions is now called upon to play an important role in preventing and resolving conflicts. Knowledge of psychological mechanisms, their normality and the possibilities of intervening on their distortions in the conflict may contribute to offer answers to the mediator addressing these issues and enhanced skills to handle the face-to-face of a confrontational encounter. We have many years of experience in the treatment of psychopathologies, the regulation of mental dysfunctional mechanisms and their impact on social behaviors and cognitive processes triggered by emotions. During mediation session, if the actors of the litigation come to the negotiating table, it is precisely to address the crucial and highly emotional issues. Our practical experience of mediation, our partnerships with various mediation associations, the exchange with many field mediators, the research that we conducted, led us to think about practical solutions to the need for mediation based on psychology. We drew up a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and chose to set our questioning within the framework of action-research and mediation engineering and using the creative and participative methodology of design thinking. With a team of 7 mediators-users we have decoded, decrypted, the basic data of the psychic dimensions inherent to the conflict (perception, thought, emotion, will and values, behavior and communication). In our professional practice, we have built and experimented a structured matrix of analysis and intervention on the psychic dimensions in the conflict, the metamodel PRECAUCUS, to be used especially in pre-mediation, a restructured and fully integrated phase of the mediation process. An inductive qualitative analysis - in empirical research - enabled us to analyze the date collected during collaborative meetings as well as the benefits of using the first test of the metamodel. The results show the relevance of the solutions proposed both by the know-how and the "savoir-être" gained by the mediator and by the co-construction of the mediator/disputant work, as well as by the fact that psychology is, from now on, the most important fundamental discipline the when it comes to optimizing mediation process and contributing to the future of mediation.