Suchergebnisse

Coastal as an open-access resource has the potential to cause conflict with spatial use. This research aims to analyze the conflict in the utilization of coastal resources among fishermen and unconventional tin miners. This research used a survey research method with qualitative descriptive research, including income analysis, employment opportunities, education, and health. Respondents in this research were fishermen and unconventional tin miners in Bangka Tengah district, including Batu Belubang village - Pangkalan Baru sub-district, Kurau village - Koba sub-district, and Baskara Bhakti village - Namang sub-district. Data collection using methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. Conflicts are analyzed through a stakeholder analysis approach with an onion analysis approach. The results showed that there were four main issues triggering conflict: 1) environmental issues; 2) social issues; 3) law violation issues; 4) economic issues. Conflict resolution that is collaborative with a negotiation approach that combines elements of the user community (fishing groups and unconventional miners) and the government known as Co-Management which avoids the excessive dominant role of one party in the management of coastal and marine resources, including equitable division of territory between fishing and mining areas, with reference to coastal and marine spatial regulations in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia. ; Pesisir sebagai sumberdaya open-access berpotensi menimbulkan konflik pemanfaatan ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konflik pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir antara nelayan dengan penambang timah inkonvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survei dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, meliputi análisis pendapatan, kesempatan kerja, pendidikan, dan kesehatan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah nelayan dan penambang timah inkonvensional di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, meliputi Desa Batu Belubang Kecamatan Pangkalan Baru, Desa Kurau Kecamatan Koba dan Desa Baskara Bhakti Kecamatan Namang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Konflik dianalisis melalui pendekatan analisis stakeholder dengan pendekatan analisis bawang bombay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat isu utama pemicu timbulnya konflik: 1) isu lingkungan; 2) isu sosial; 3) isu pelanggaran hukum; dan 4) isu ekonomi. Resolusi konflik yakni kolaboratif dengan pendekatan negosiasi yang memadukan antara unsur masyarakat pengguna (kelompok nelayan dan penambang inkonvensional) dan pemerintah yang dikenal dengan Co-management yang menghindari peran dominan yang berlebihan dari satu pihak dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut, diantaranya pembagian wilayah secara adil antara area penangkapan ikan dan tambang, dengan mengacu pada peraturan tata ruang pesisir dan laut di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses penyelesaian konflik internal antara Pemerintah Indonesia dan gerakan separatisme di Papua (Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM)) menggunakan mekanisme horse-trading. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengkaji latar belakang OPM dan konflik, kemudian membahas proses konflik dengan alat bantu analisis timeline untuk memahami perkembangan gerakan separatisme dari OPM berdasarkan urutan kronologis, dan membahas resolusi konflik yang pernah dilakukan dengan alat bantu analisis pemetaan konflik untuk memahami aktor-aktor yang terlibat dan tujuannya. Konflik ini merupakan hasil dari kompleksitas antara latar belakang historis, ideologis, dan rasa ketidakadilan di Papua, di sisi lain, Papua semakin didukung oleh dunia internasional. Upaya penyelesaian konflik Pemerintah Indonesia dengan OPM dengan mekanisme horse-trading sudah mulai dilakukan, namun belum mencapai resolusi yang baru. Mekanisme horse-trading dapat efektif menyelesaikan konflik ini bilamana didukung oleh kepercayaan antara kedua pihak untuk melakukan dialog dimana kedua pihak dapat menyampaikan tujuannya secara terbuka. ; The study aims to analyze the process of internal conflict resolution between the Government of Indonesia and the separatist movement in Papua (Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka or OPM)) using a horse-trading mechanism. This study was qualitative method by discussing the Free Papua Movement background and the conflict, then discussing the conflict process of timeline analysis tool to understand the development of its movement based on chronological order, and discussing the conflict resolutions that have been carried out with conflict mapping analysis tool to understand the actors that involved and their objectives. The conflict is the result of complexity among historical backgrounds, ideology, and a sense of injustice in Papua, on the other hand, the international community has increasingly supported Papua. Horse-trading has been used to resolve the conflict of Free Papua Movement and the Government of Indonesia, yet it has not yet reached a new resolution. The horse-trading mechanism effectively resolves the conflict when trust has been achieved between them to communicate both of them where they can deliver their objectives openly.

Conflict is something that can not be separated in the process of management of the company. Conflict that managed well will be able to make a positive contribution to the business activities and the achievement of corporate goals. This study used a qualitative research methodology with a case study approach. The selection of a qualitative methodology based on the problem formulation used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the conflicts that happened in management Central Market Puspa Agro caused by internal and external factor. Internal factor is derived from obscurity powers, functions and roles, monitoring and evaluation weakness, slowness of responds to the problems, the competence of individual differences, the target and task interdependence. External factors consist of the presence of government policies and industry demands. The effect of conflicts are functional and dysfunctional. Conflict management is applied by stimulation , reduction of conflict and conflict resolution methods.

Abstract Completion of the armed conflict in both the legal and political framework set in customary international law and the Hague Convention I of 1899 and 1907 on the peaceful resolution of disputes, as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Mechanisms for resolving armed conflicts as well as measures to prevent the emergence of armed conflict refers to the two methods of dispute resolution, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the settlement of disputes by force or violence. Patterns in the context of conflict resolution approach more focused on the efforts of early stage to prevent the emergence of armed-conflict. Such efforts can be done with diplomacy and political mediation efforts by involving the various parties that are considered to be actors of peace. While humanitarian law in the context of normative law enforcement efforts imprinted on the situation of the ongoing war, one of its forms through foreign intervention in the ongoing armed conflict itself. In the present context of the humanitarian intervention of humanitarian law known as the Responsibility to Protect (R to P). In addition through the UN mechanism for the continuous efforts of the international community to prevent the emergence of armed conflict also involving a number of other actors who can be considered a partner for peace. One of them involving specific groups that can be considered a party to break the chain of armed conflict itself. One of them is through the mechanism of the Kimberley Process.

Wali Nanggroe Institution is an institution of cultural authority as the unifier of the people that is independent, authoritative, and has the authority to develop and oversee the implementation of the life, adat (custom), language, the award of titles and honors, and adat rites. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh city using a qualitative method. The concept used was Wali Nanggroe, the theories of strategy, conflict resolution, and political communication theories to resolve local conflicts and analyze Wali Nanggroe neutrality in resolving conflicts in Aceh. The data were obtained by observation technique and interview (questionnaires and voice records). The results found that the Wali Nanggroe Institution does not implement a strategy in resolving conflicts both local conflicts and other conflicts in local institutions. Also, Wali Nanggroe does not hold political communication to resolve the conflicts. Besides, as a mediator, Wali Nanggroe is unfair to resolve the conflicts among local institutions due to some causes; emotional attachment between Wali Nanggroe and Members of Parliament at Aceh Provincial House of Representatives (DPRA) from Aceh Party Faction, tend to maintain the reign of Wali Nanggroe, and procedural problems in Wali Nanggroe election. ; Lembaga Wali Nanggroe adalah lembaga kepemimpinan adat sebagai pemersatu masyarakat yang independen, berwibawa, dan berwenang membina dan mengawasi penyelenggaraan kehidupan lembaga-lembaga adat, adat istiadat, bahasa dan pemberian gelar/derajat, dan upacara-upacara adat lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kota Banda Aceh dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Konsep yang digunakan adalah Wali Nanggroe, teori strategi, resolusi konflik, dan teori komunikasi politik untuk menyelesaikan konflik lokal dan menganalisis netralitas Wali Nanggroe dalam menyelesaikan konflik di Aceh. Data diperoleh dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara (kuesioner dan rekaman suara). Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Lembaga Wali Nanggroe tidak menerapkan strategi resolusi konflik baik konflik lokal maupun konflik lain di kelembagaan lokal. Selain itu, Wali Nanggroe tidak melakukan komunikasi politik untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Selain itu, sebagai mediator, Wali Nanggroe kurang adil dalam menyelesaikan konflik antar lembaga lokal karena beberapa sebab; keterikatan emosional antara Wali Nanggroe dengan anggota DPR Aceh dari Fraksi Partai Aceh, cenderung mempertahankan kekuasaan Wali Nanggroe, dan masalah prosedural dalam pemilihan Wali Nanggroe.

Selain memiliki dimensi sosial ekonomi, konflik agraria di Bongkoran, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia, juga memiliki dimensi hukum. Terdapat dualisme hukum yang konfliktual dalam hal penguasaan tanah dan klaim penggunaan. Satu pihak, pemerintah, dan korporasi mengandalkan hukum negara yang legalistik-positivistik, sedangkan masyarakat lokal mengandalkan hukum rakyat yaitu hukum informal yang sudah ada, hidup, dan berkembang dalam masyarakat komunal secara turun-temurun. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana perspektif sosiologis hukum menganalisis konflik hukum yang terjadi dalam konflik agraria Bongkoran, khususnya antara hukum negara dan hukum rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan perspektif sosiologi hukum. Subjek penelitian adalah petani/masyarakat Bongkoran, Penasehat Hukum Masyarakat, Pemerintah (Pemerintah Daerah, Badan Pertanahan Nasional, dan Kepolisian), dan unsur korporasi (PT Wongsorejo). Informan dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu yang dapat dikenali terlebih dahulu yaitu mengenali dan memahami masalah yang diteliti. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan mengacu pada perspektif yang telah disajikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian konflik agraria di Bongkoran memerlukan implementasi hukum yang lebih berkeadilan bagi masyarakat lokal. Implementasi hukum tidak hanya berdasarkan pasal-pasal yang rigid dalam undang-undang, tetapi perlu memperhatikan konteks sosial budaya dan historis dari masyarakat. Dominasi hukum negara atas hukum rakyat dalam konflik agraria mengakibatkan praktik penundukan hukum negara ke hukum rakyat, baik secara persuasif maupun represif. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalisir ketegangan dan konflik antara hukum negara dan hukum rakyat dalam konflik agraria, diperlukan pemahaman baru tentang hubungan kedua hukum tersebut. Keberadaan dan penegakan hukum rakyat dijadikan sebagai elemen yang saling melengkapi dalam aspek normatif yang belum diatur dalam hukum negara. ; Apart from having a socio-economic dimension, agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, also have a legal dimension. There is a dualism of law that is conflictual in terms of land tenure and use claims. One party, the government, and corporations rely on legalistic-positivistic state laws, while local people rely on folk law, namely informal laws that have existed, lived, and developed in communal society for generations. This research focuses on how the sociological perspective of law analyzes the legal conflicts that occur in Bongkoran agrarian conflict, particularly between state law and folk law. This research used a qualitative method with a legal sociology perspective. The research subjects were farmers/people of Bongkoran, Community Legal Advisors (CLA), Government (Local Government, National Land Agency, and Police), and corporate elements (PT Wongsorejo). Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, based on certain considerations that can be recognized beforehand, namely recognizing and understanding the problem under this research. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the perspectives that have been presented. The results indicated that the resolution of agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran requires the implementation of laws that are more just for local communities. The implementation of the laws is not only based on rigid articles in the law, but it needs attention to the socio-cultural and historical context of the community. The dominance of state law over folk law in agrarian conflicts results in the practice of subjugation of state law to folk law, both persuasively and repressively. Therefore, to minimize the tension and conflict between state law and folk law in agrarian conflicts, it is necessary to have a new understanding of the relationship between the two laws. The existence and enforcement of folk law are used as a complementary element in normative aspects that have not been regulated in state law.

On November, 4th 2020, the Tigrayan Area became one of the deadly conflict hotspots in the midst of the global pandemic Covid-19. The conflicts are rooted since the Ethiopian People's Democratic Front (EPRDF) becoming the governing party 30 years ago that reigned by corrupt, dirty, discriminate governance. EPRDF was in coalition with four parties: Amhara Democratic Party (ADP); The Oromo Democratic Party (ODP); Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Party Movement (SEPDPM); and Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Among the four parties, only the TPLF has been promoted and acquired privileges by the EPRDF. These privileges provide TPLF an influence, an important political position, and a military sector, which creates other parties feel excluded. Political friction, sexual violence, and even the issue of ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans underlie the crisis. Since Abiy Ahmed from ODP become a new PM of Ethiopia, it is strongly indicated that his position indirectly supports reprisal against TPLF. The involvement of Eritrea in this conflict, expanding the spectrum of crisis. Deadlock on the solution and the unilateral claims of the Abiy's successful (offensive) settlement against TPLF, agonizing the situation of the Tigrayan people. Therefore, in this essay, the author will explain how the characteristics of the current conflict situation, the ripeness of conflict, methods of resolution of mediation, and possible solution to construct a stable situation in the Tigray Conflict. Key Words: Abiy, Afrika, Amhara, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oromo, Tigray, TPLF

Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research

This thesis discusses the role of the mediator in the settlement of inheritance disputes with the perspective of Islamic law and positive law (Case Study No.1038 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PA.Mks at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court). With mediation conducted by a mediator, it is likely that the parties to the dispute will be able to reconcile the parties in a dispute to a win-win solution and the peaceful dispute resolution process will be easier, faster, simpler, and less costly. This research was conducted by field research with descriptive analysis. With a normative juridical approach and a sociological (empirical) approach. The data sources in this study, namely: primary data, secondary data and searches of various literatures or references. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out in three stages, namely: data identification, data reduction, and data editing. The results of this study indicate that the role of the mediator in the settlement of inheritance disputes at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court has an important role in carrying out the mediation process based on the results of interviews with judges in court. It's just that the results / effectiveness achieved by the mediator in resolving inheritance disputes have not been effective because of the inhibiting factors for the mediator in resolving them, namely: 1) The parties in conflict have their emotions / egos not well controlled (lack of good faith from the disputing parties), 2) no one wants to budge, 3) the quality of the mediator. The implications of this research are: 1) with the mediation process carried out by a mediator in court, it is necessary that there is an increase in the process of settlement of cases, especially in mediation. The mediator must play an important role in carrying out the best dispute resolution so that the mediation process runs optimally and effectively, so that the parties are satisfied and no party feels disadvantaged, 2) ...