Suchergebnisse

This article analyses the performance of the Dispute Settlement Body of World Trade Organization, between 1995 and 2007. This organ is one of the most important for a for conflict resolution today, because the number of cases, states and amounts in dispute. I intend to study the fulfillment of proceedings; the originality of the mechanisms to induce compliance; the progressive legitimacy of the whole system and the main suggestions to reform it. Adapted from the source document.

The UN has a large experience in conflict management, including preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping & peacebuilding. It faces serious difficulties in several cases of prevention & peacemaking, namely when it has to lead military operations where the use of force goes beyond self-defense. It has, however, immense comparative advantages in peacebuilding & the UN should concentrate its resources where its conflict resolution capacities are most efficient. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

In the current study of conflicts, dominant visions tend to underline the decisive role of primordial ethnic or religious identities. This primordialist perspective, however, takes attention away from other important causes that contribute to the emergence and perpetuation of conflict, namely deep socioeconomic inequalities between groups. Departing from Sudan's North-South conflict, its origins and the evolution in the conflict resolution and peacebuilding models that culminated with the signature of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, we argue that effective and sustainable peace strategies in Sudan (and elsewhere) imply addressing the more structural inequalities at stake and the deconstruction of simplistic views of the role of ethnicity and religion. Adapted from the source document.

The case of Western Sahara shows how the United Nations operates in the area of conflict resolution. In its efforts to reach an agreement, the United Nations are hostage to contrasting & multidimensional logics & interests which in turn make it very difficult to impose a settlement that is in accordance with international law. Adapted from the source document.

Beginning with historical research about the Balkans, the author traces a social & political profile of the countries that today form the region, placing it until these days & to the military & ethnic conflicts that have taken place on it. The indifference of the major powers with the problematic issues of the region & the inclusion of some of these countries in the European Union are also discussed along the article. References. Adapted from the source document.

Africa has accounted for a disproportionate part of the peacekeeping efforts of the United Nations for at least the past fifteen years (Portuguese-speaking Africa being prominent in this). It seems clear that this situation results from difficulties in the implementation of the post-independence state -- whether as a result of externally generated pressures or of internal issues of political culture or both. This extensive intervention in African conflict has been motivated not only by humanitarian imperatives but also by the 'necessity' of maintaining the fabric of the 'Westphalian' system of states (a concern given greater urgency by the 'war on terror'). While there has been considerable discussion of 'African solutions for African problems' as an alternative, it is likely that UN peacekeeping will retain a prominent place in African conflict management for the foreseeable future. Tables. Adapted from the source document.

This article analyzes developing countries performance at the World Trade Organization (WTO) accordingly to two aspects: developing country coalitions and developing country participation in the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The authors conclude that developing countries use institutional mechanisms as their main strategy in order to increase their capacity relatively to developed countries. Thus, developing countries have worked within the existing trade structure in order to try to adapt it to their interests. Developing countries have managed to create and maintain coalitions at the WTO, despite their economic and political diversity. As regards their participation in the DSB, although the number of panels opened by developing countries has increased, it is still concentrated in a small group of developing countries, mainly Brazil and India. Adapted from the source document.