Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the problem of the legislative regulation of advocacy done by the Law of Ukraine on the Bar and practice of law from 2012 and the Rules of the Bars' ethics confirmed by the electing meeting of the Bars of Ukraine on June, 9th 2017. The structure and competence of the Ukrainian national bodies of the lawyers' self-governance crated according to the Law from 2012 and after the requirement of the Council of Europe as a precondition of the membership of Ukraine on the European Union are also outlined. The author illustrates the main types of conflicts that a lawyer encounters during his / her professional activity like the conflict situations, conflicts and the tense conflicts and proposes the ways to reconcile them. It is shown, that the most effective ways to reconcile conflicts are compromises and negotiations. Such methods of conflict's reconciliation often used in the lawyers' milieu without significant positive results as the blackout of conflicts or attempts to salve them are also mentioned. Special attention is paid to the very important question of entrance of the Ukrainian Bars to the leading European and world lawyers and legal societies which became possible only after the creation of the Ukrainian National Bar Association as the national regulator in the lawyers' profession. The author has reviewed the requirements of the Ethics Rules of European Union's countries regarding the resolution of lawyers' conflicts with colleagues and clients, a.o. from foreign countries. The author has also analyzed the Ukrainian Ethics Rules regarding the most common conflicts in the activity of Ukrainian lawyers, in particular regarding conflicts of interest, the combination of legal practice with public, scientific and journalistic activities, as well as lawyers' activities and communication on the Internet.

The emergence of any ethno-political conflict is caused by the existence of one or another form of ethnic inequality. Therefore, the settlement of ethnic conflicts requires finding a new, compromise and acceptable for all parties to the conflict balance of mutual satisfaction of their interests. In recent decades, the problem of ethnic conflicts has been one of the most relevant topics for researchers representing various fields of science. The main reason for such a close attention to this issue is the importance of resolving such conflicts, which have also become one of the most common sources of social controversy and political instability. Today, there is a growing emotional tension on the world stage that accompanies conflict interactions and can have both mobilizing and disorganizing effects on the behaviour of conflict participants. In ethnic conflict, as it is developing, the feeling of antipathy or hostility increases. There are always reasons and cases for this. Recent events have shown that ethnic conflicts in different parts of the world go beyond domestic and even regional ones. This is especially important due to the fact that regions of ethnic instability are increasingly associated, both in periodicals and in the scientific literature, with potential subjects of international terrorism. Political and economic spatial structuring consists in the expansion of European integration, the complication of relations between political actors, the change of spheres of geopolitical influence, the transformation of the regime and the democratization of a number of countries. This process is not yet complete, walking and approaching its logical end. Conflict prevention is possible only with a comprehensive approach to solving the problem and combining national policies aimed at harmonizing relations between different ethnic groups, as well as law enforcement agencies and the media.

У статті досліджений етимологічний зміст понять «воєнний» та «військовий». Проаналізований зміст таких понять як «воєнний конфлікт», «збройний конфлікт» та «війна». Також автором визначені відмінні та спільні ознаки цих понять. Встановлений зв'язок між поняттями «воєнний конфлікт», «збройний конфлікт» та «війна» за допомогою категорій загального, особливого та одиничного. ; The article examines the etymological content of the concepts of «military» (voyennyy) and «military» (viys'kovyy). It is established that the concept of «military» (viys'kovyy) refers to the army or relates to a ser- viceman. The concept of «military» (voyennyy) refers to the war, associated with it. Consequently, the author established that in relation to the conflict, the use of the concept of «military conflict» (voyennyy) is appropriate.In the Military Doctrine of Ukraine military conflict is defined as «the form of resolving interstate or national conflicts with the bilateral application of military force; the main types of military conflicts are war and armed conflict».In the Military Doctrine of Ukraine armed conflict is defined as «armed collision between states (inter- national armed conflict, armed conflict at the state border) or between the warring parties in the territory of one state, usually with support from the outside (internal armed conflict)». Consequently, armed conflict is a conflict of any level, the main feature of which is the use of weapons.The war means a socio-political phenomenon associated with the radical change in the nature of relations between states, folks, nations, classes and social groups opposing sides and the transition from the use of non-violent forms and methods of struggle to the direct use of weapons and other violent means to solve certain social political, economic, ideological, as well as national, religious, territorial and other contradictions.Thus, the author singled out common and distinctive features of the concepts of «military conflict», «armed conflict» and «war». Consequently, the common in these concepts are the subjects of interaction, namely, the states or conflicting parties in the middle of one state and the presence of the use of weapons. Demarcation of these concepts may be carried out according to the criterion of the motives of occurrence. That is, political motives that are necessary for the emergence of a military conflict and war are not neces- sary for the emergence of an armed conflict. Such a criterion is central to the demarcation of the «military conflict» and «war» from the «armed conflict».The distinctive features of «war» from «armed conflict» and «military conflict» is the formal act of its announcement; the rupture of diplomatic relations and the cancellation of bilateral agreements between thewarring parties; the introduction of a special legal regime; qualitative change in the state of society.The author suggests the connection between these concepts with general, special and individual categories. Where is the notion of «military conflict», which is generic in relation to «war» and «armed conflict». In turn, the «armed conflict» is special, and the concept of «war» is individual category.

Conflicts may arise within countries as well as between different countries. Conflict is an integral component of human existence. Conflicts occur in the economic, political, social, ideological, military, managerial and other spheres of public life. Accordingly, the methods and ways of their settlement vary significantly. It is dangerous that both internal (intrastate) and external (interstate) conflicts reduce the country's ability to defend its own interests in the world. Under certain circumstances, such conflicts can be used by external and internal players as an instrument of pressure on the state leadership and encourage it to adopt decisions and agreements that are unfavorable for the country. The solution to any conflicts requires a deep understanding of both the nature of their occurrence and the dynamics of the flow.
Today the most dangerous for Ukraine is the armed conflict in the Donbass. This conflict was provoked by the Russian Federation, which sees our country as a "buffer zone" against international military threats. The level of conflict in the zone of armed confrontation is very high. Negotiations at the international level and the efforts to resolve the conflict in Donbass did not bring the desired success. The citizens of Ukraine have no confidence in the successful completion of this conflict. It provokes a social apathy and aggression in Ukrainian society. The cessation of the armed conflict in Donbass is extremely important both for Ukraine and the entire world community. Now Ukraine is forced to develop a strategy of national self-preservation in the difficult and uncertain conditions of international security. Finding optimal answers to hybrid threats is a necessary precondition for maintaining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our state.

The main objective of the study is to analyse the Poland's position towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the annexation of Crimea and the regulation of the situation in Donbas. Concerning methodology the systematic method was used for studying of the Polish politicians' perception of the occupation of Donbas and annexation of Crimea and a comparative analysis was used for studying of the positions of European and Polish leaders towards the Poland's hypothetical participation in the Normandy format or other format for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The Poland's official position on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict 2014-2020 has been analysed. It has been proved that for Poland Ukraine is a zone of special interests. Official Warsaw seeks to play a significant role in resolving the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, because the failure of Ukraine will mean for Poland the deterioration of its own security situation. Currently, the Polish border with Ukraine is the EU's and NATO's border, so it would be optimal for Poland to move the borders of these organizations in the future to the East of Ukraine, so Poland strongly defends Ukraine's European and Euro-Atlantic ambitions. It was concluded that Polish politicians have an understanding that turning the conflict in the Donbas into a frozen one will mean the presence of a permanent explosive situation. It is recommended that the clear signals to the official Warsaw from the official Kyiv about the interest in the practical implementation of the Polish-Ukrainian strategic partnership would be important and farsighted. It is highlighted that the implementation of Polish strategy on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict depends on the strategies of the main players of the European strategic space. The Polish position is perceived as pro-American by French and German authorities, so the official Paris and Bonn avoid involving Poland in the negotiations on the situation in the Donbas. However, Poland alone is not capable of influencing the regulation of the ...

This article is devoted to the conflict of law rules of the international contract of sale, analysis and identification of problems of the conflict method of legal regulation. The main sources of legal regulation of international purchase and sale of goods, both at the international and national levels, are studied. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the application of the norms of the Vienna Convention of 1980 to relations under the contract of international sale, as well as its interaction with domestic regulations. Attention is paid to the problems of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European and international law in the field of legal regulation of the contract of sale.The general concept and characteristics of this agreement, as well as the features of its conclusion. Withit also the practical problems which should be considered in the course of contractual work, first of all definition of the moment of the conclusion of contracts and the beginning of action of the international agreement of purchase and sale of the goods in modern conditions of development of the state are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the essential terms of the international sale agreement, the scope of this agreement, its stages of conclusion developed measures on the feasibility of regulation at the level of the Civil Code of Ukraine provisions related to establishing requirements for the principle of close communication, determining the time of the agreement, "Law of the place of the act", issues related to the conclusion of the so-called. "Agreement between the absent" (conclusion of the contract by teletype, fax, telephone, etc.), the form and content of the international contract of sale. The current state, patterns of development of conflict of law regulation in order to identify the most optimal ways to resolve conflict issues in the relevant field. It is also noted that each state in its own way carries out the legal regulation of relations, so there are conflicts between the substantive law of different ...

This article highlights the key issue of conflict in a globalizing world. Conflict is seen as a military and political means of wars, "hybrid conflicts", conflict clashes, confrontation. The relevance of the article is to identify comparative methods of studying conflicts, as a manifestation of a new manifestation of the world community to counter. The purpose of the study is to analyze conflicts as a form of mass conflict interaction in the globalization space. In the article, the author uses the methods of analytical, historical and comparative analysis, which shows the dynamics of the issue with past events and to the present, the method of synthesis studies military-political conflicts. Based on the statistics of sociological research on this issue, we can conclude that world conflicts, which escalate into wars, are quickly implemented by non-standard conditions for counteracting conflicts. This could pose a potential threat to the peaceful coexistence of other countries, which are making every effort to help regulate the world's conflicts and global security.

The article analyzes the political conflict – the clash and confrontation of different socio-political forces and political actors in their quest to realize their goals and interests, primarily related to the struggle for power, redistribution and change of their political status. It is noted that the management of political conflict is the activity of certain actors to resolve the conflict, or harmonize its course in order to rationally achieve the goals of the participants in the current political process. Investigate the specifics of mediation and reveal aspects of mediation as one of the modern solutions to political conflicts. Investigate the specifics of mediation and reveal aspects of mediation as one of the modern solutions to political conflicts. The aim of the article is to analyze the specifics of mediation and reveal aspects of mediation as one of the modern ways of resolving political conflicts. Political mediation - a form of mediation of the phenomena of political life – a solidarity component of the interaction of power structures and social forces, which helps to resolve contradictions in favour of the positive development of the state and society, interstate relations. The task of mediators is not to make an arbitral award or a verdict. Rather, it is up to the parties to the conflict to make a decision that best suits their interests. As a result of the agreement reached, everyone should win. Research has shown that considering the history of mediation as an effective technology for resolving political conflicts, the following definition can be made: Mediation is an effective method of resolving political conflicts involving a third (neutral) party that is only interested in resolved their conflict.

The professional health of a serviceman is the absence of diseases in the presence of a certain level of compensatory and protective mechanisms that ensure high combat effectiveness in the conditions of his professional activity. That is why the most important component of the national security system of our country is the protection and strengthening of the health of military personnel. In recent years, armed conflict has continued in the east of Ukraine. Therefore, today's urgent task is to study the features of comorbid diseases that may be primary to modern combat trauma in military personnel participating in the anti-terrorist operation / Joint Forces Operation (ATO / JFO). Comorbid diseases have a negative impact on the course of modern combat trauma, as well as combat trauma has a negative impact on the course of these diseases. The objective: to analyze the frequency of comorbid diseases in military personnel – participants in the ATO / JFO, depending on the presence of a closed craniocerebral injury (CTBI). Materials and methods. The study was performed in the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy based on the National Military Medical Clinical Center "Main Military Clinical Hospital" where 183 servicemen – participants of the ATO / JFO with arterial hypertension (AH) were examined. Patients were divided into two statistically homogeneous groups according to age: group I – 127 people who, while participating in the ATO / JFO, did not receive CTBI, group II – 56 people with such injury. Statistical analysis of the results was done by use of the standard statistical package STATISTICA 10.0 for Windows from StatSofr Inc. (USA) using parametric statistical methods. Results. In military personnel participating in the ATO/JFO, there was no correlation between the severity of hypertension and the presence of a cranio-cerebral injury. At the same time, in subjects with CTBI, there was an increase in the frequency of comorbid diseases of the nervous system and diseases of the ear and mammillary process and a ...

The current situation in Ukraine is quite difficult: the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict has been going on for seven years, systemic shifts and changes are taking place in society, cardinal reassessment of values and production of qualitatively new socio-cultural paradigms are taking place. In these conditions, various conflicts intensify: interpersonal, intergroup, interparty, and so on. The Ukrainian military, which took part in the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) and the Joint Forces Operation (JFO), needs quality treatment, restoration of lost functions, social, physical and psychological rehabilitation and return to full life.
The paper is concerned with the study of peculiarities of colors choice by veterans of the Anti-Terrorist Operation and the Joint Forces Operation. It is proved that a person's perception of different colors depends on the emotional state, as well as attachment to one some colors, indifference to the second colors and the rejection of the third colors. The study allows us to conclude that color is a basic component and attribute of the culture of any community. Colors are associated with an extremely diverse system of associations, images, meanings, meanings, symbols, which are carriers of information about traditions, mentality, ethnic picture of the world, national character, national image of the world of different peoples. The study identified the important role of color in the study of conflict of both individual and collective actors. Our proposed scheme for the formation of the diagnostic function of colors: reflection – state – categorization – representation – knowledge – attitude – use, allows us to determine the role of color in the study of the conflictity of different subjects.
The research with the use of M. Luscher's color test in which individual and collective laws of conflict of various spheres of life in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian interstate armed conflict were revealed is analyzed. M. Luscher's color test is a unique "early warning system" for conflicts and stressful situations at an early stage of their deployment. This test also provides additional information for psychotherapeutic work with patients, allowing to identify the compensatory capabilities of the subjects. The conflictizational dimension of the M. Luscher test is extremely important for the psychological rehabilitation of ATO and OOS veterans, as it can detect pre-conflict, conflict and postconflict states of subjects.

The article researches ideological principles of conflict regulation, in particular, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine in the context of forming of national-state ideology. This indicates theoretical and practical interest to a certain topic, which gets new sense and sound at each stage of national and state existence. It has been found out that political strategies should enable planning and forecasting political processes, minimize political bias, and meet reform projects. It is noted that the main vector of socio-cultural transformations had been proclaimed to be the posttotalitarian, post-colonial vector that a priori should permanently protect the state from the disadvantages and tragedies of the previous political era. Philosophical reflection is aimed at understanding of one of the most important components of national-state ideologies – a national idea. At present, there is no single national-state ideology in Ukraine, since new forms of understanding of social reality are in the process of formation. Obviously, it will be formed in the context of political forces' struggle and compromising. The crisis of unity in Ukrainian society is interpreted as a factor that does not contribute to the formation and implementation of a rational political strategy of the state. It is concluded that European spirit of Ukraine and national self-esteem should be formed on state level in internal and foreign politics, on theoretical level in the programs of state reforms, in the concepts and programs of education and upbringing, on daily life level in ideological regulations of interpersonal communication rules. It is concluded that there are the following steps towards peace, first, the cessation of hostilities and pressure, second, the establishment of dialogue, and third, the search for a solution to the contradictions through negotiations.

Europe knows conflicts very well. One of these conflicts has a language character and is the result of the language contacts. The conflict is a phenomenon of the modern society and means "a struggle over values or claims to status, power, and scarce resources, in which the aims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain desired values but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rival" (Coser, 2002, p. 106).B. Moormann-Kimáková identifies two types of the linguistic conflicts: "conflicts involving language as their primary motive, as well as conflicts involving language, but not necessarily being motivated by 'language issues' " (Moormann-Kimáková, 2014, p. 8). M. Wingender analyzes three different types of the conflicts with language: 'Konflikt in Sprache / conflict in the language – Konflikt über Sprache / language conflict – Konflikt mittels Sprache / language-related conflict'.In the Ukrainian language, the strongest example of the conflict in the language comprises the lexical and grammatical transformations during the Soviet russification period, when the structure of Ukrainian was accommodated to Russian. The language conflict in Ukraine is the long duration conflict between the Ukrainian language and the Russian language. And the language-related conflict occurred around the Ukrainian Education Law in 2017. It was a situation of resource-political-value language-related conflict:for Hungary, this is a language-related resource conflict; for the EU – language-related political conflict; for the Ukrainian society – language-related value conflict.Knowing the nature of different types of linguistic conflicts helps better understand the situation and to protect the conflict. All of these shape the base of the linguoconflictology.Article received 31.12.2017 ; Стаття започатковує дослідження в галузі української лінгвоконфліктології. Розглянуто три групи конфліктів, у межах яких безпосередньо або опосередковано з'являється мова. Залежно від того, чи мова є засадничим елементом конфлікту, чи лише принагідно слугує конфліктові, йдеться про конфлікт у мові, мовний конфлікт і конфлікт, пов'язаний з мовою. Кожен із типів конфлікту проілюстровано прикладами з внутрішньої та зовнішньої історії української мови.Матеріал надійшов 31.12.2017

Europe knows conflicts very well. One of these conflicts has a language character and is the result of the language contacts. The conflict is a phenomenon of the modern society and means "a struggle over values or claims to status, power, and scarce resources, in which the aims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain desired values but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rival" (Coser, 2002, p. 106).B. Moormann-Kimáková identifies two types of the linguistic conflicts: "conflicts involving language as their primary motive, as well as conflicts involving language, but not necessarily being motivated by 'language issues' " (Moormann-Kimáková, 2014, p. 8). M. Wingender analyzes three different types of the conflicts with language: 'Konflikt in Sprache / conflict in the language – Konflikt über Sprache / language conflict – Konflikt mittels Sprache / language-related conflict'.In the Ukrainian language, the strongest example of the conflict in the language comprises the lexical and grammatical transformations during the Soviet russification period, when the structure of Ukrainian was accommodated to Russian. The language conflict in Ukraine is the long duration conflict between the Ukrainian language and the Russian language. And the language-related conflict occurred around the Ukrainian Education Law in 2017. It was a situation of resource-political-value language-related conflict:for Hungary, this is a language-related resource conflict; for the EU – language-related political conflict; for the Ukrainian society – language-related value conflict.Knowing the nature of different types of linguistic conflicts helps better understand the situation and to protect the conflict. All of these shape the base of the linguoconflictology.Article received 31.12.2017 ; Стаття започатковує дослідження в галузі української лінгвоконфліктології. Розглянуто три групи конфліктів, у межах яких безпосередньо або опосередковано з'являється мова. Залежно від того, чи мова є засадничим елементом конфлікту, чи лише принагідно слугує конфліктові, йдеться про конфлікт у мові, мовний конфлікт і конфлікт, пов'язаний з мовою. Кожен із типів конфлікту проілюстровано прикладами з внутрішньої та зовнішньої історії української мови.Матеріал надійшов 31.12.2017

Europe knows conflicts very well. One of these conflicts has a language character and is the result of the language contacts. The conflict is a phenomenon of the modern society and means "a struggle over values or claims to status, power, and scarce resources, in which the aims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain desired values but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rival" (Coser, 2002, p. 106).B. Moormann-Kimáková identifies two types of the linguistic conflicts: "conflicts involving language as their primary motive, as well as conflicts involving language, but not necessarily being motivated by 'language issues' " (Moormann-Kimáková, 2014, p. 8). M. Wingender analyzes three different types of the conflicts with language: 'Konflikt in Sprache / conflict in the language – Konflikt über Sprache / language conflict – Konflikt mittels Sprache / language-related conflict'.In the Ukrainian language, the strongest example of the conflict in the language comprises the lexical and grammatical transformations during the Soviet russification period, when the structure of Ukrainian was accommodated to Russian. The language conflict in Ukraine is the long duration conflict between the Ukrainian language and the Russian language. And the language-related conflict occurred around the Ukrainian Education Law in 2017. It was a situation of resource-political-value language-related conflict:for Hungary, this is a language-related resource conflict; for the EU – language-related political conflict; for the Ukrainian society – language-related value conflict.Knowing the nature of different types of linguistic conflicts helps better understand the situation and to protect the conflict. All of these shape the base of the linguoconflictology.Article received 31.12.2017 ; Стаття започатковує дослідження в галузі української лінгвоконфліктології. Розглянуто три групи конфліктів, у межах яких безпосередньо або опосередковано з'являється мова. Залежно від того, чи мова є засадничим елементом конфлікту, чи лише принагідно слугує конфліктові, йдеться про конфлікт у мові, мовний конфлікт і конфлікт, пов'язаний з мовою. Кожен із типів конфлікту проілюстровано прикладами з внутрішньої та зовнішньої історії української мови.Матеріал надійшов 31.12.2017

A comprehensive study of management policy of post-conflict territory is done. It is characterized as a management process that is localized within the territory affected by the armed conflict. It is seen as a resource by various political actors and requires the establishment of institutional order and overcoming the consequences of the conflict.Management policy of post-conflict territories was studied through its components: "post-conflict territory", "armed conflict", "post-conflict", "postconflict management". The study of the subject became possible due to interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological approaches and methods of political science, political geography, geopolitics, international relations, political regionalism, conflict studies, law and management.It is substantiated that in the context of studying the management policy of post-conflict territory, there is no need to study the territory as a subject of conflict. The expediency of studying such a territory as a space affected by the armed conflict is argued. As a result of the conflict the territory has a ruined system of governance or weak institutional forms of development that require development "from scratch" or reintegration into a national high-level system. ; Здійснено комплексне дослідження політики управління постконфліктними територіями як управлінського процесу, який локалізується в межах території, що зазнала впливу збройного конфлікту, розглядається як ресурс різними політичними акторами, потребує встановлення інституційного порядку і подолання наслідків конфлікту.Політику управління постконфліктними територіями досліджено через категорії: «постконфліктна територія», «збройний конфлікт», «постконфлікт», «постконфліктне управління», «політика управління». Вивчення предмету дослідження стало можливим завдяки міждисципінарним теоретикометодологічним підходам і методам політичної науки, політичної географії, геополітики, міжнародних відносин, політичної регіоналістики, конфліктології, права і політичного менеджменту.Обґрунтовано, що в контексті вивчення політики управління постконфліктними територіями немає потреби вивчати територію як предмет конфлікту. Доведена доцільність вивчення такої території в якості простору, що зазнав впливу збройного конфлікту, внаслідок чого має зруйновану систему управління або заслабкі інституційні форми розвитку, що потребують розбудови «з нуля» або реінтеграції в національну систему вищого рівня.