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THE FINAL SESSION OF THE 36TH COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE STRONGLY ENDORSED THE DECISION BY COMMONWEALTH HEADS OF GOVERNMENT TO LEAD A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP CAMPAIGN. ALTHOUGH SOME DELEGATES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EXPRESSED CONCERN THAT ENVIRONMENTAL RESTRAINTS MAY IMPEDE THEIR ECONOMIC GROWTH, THERE WAS UNIVERSAL AGREEMENT THAT INTERNATIONAL ACTION IS URGENTLY NEEDED TO STOP ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND THAT THE COMMONWEALTH WILL BE CENTRAL TO THE SUCCESS OF ANY COOPERATIVE EFFORT.

This major textbook provides a broad coverage of the ecological foundations of marine conservation, including the rationale, importance and practicalities of various approaches to marine conservation and management. The scope of the book encompasses an understanding of the elements of marine biodiversity - from global to local levels - threats to marine biodiversity, and the structure and function of marine environments as related to conservation issues. The authors describe the potential approaches, initiatives and various options for conservation, from the genetic to the species, community and ecosystem levels in marine environments. They explore methods for identifying the units of conservation, and the development of defensible frameworks for marine conservation. They describe planning of ecologically integrated conservation strategies, including decision-making on size, boundaries, numbers and connectivity of protected area networks. The book also addresses relationships between fisheries and biodiversity, novel methods for conservation planning in the coastal zone and the evaluation of conservation initiatives.