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By exploring the anti-corruption strategies in six countries, this book is the first detailed, cross-national analysis on techniques to address corruption. It highlights the importance of understanding that quality of governance is critical to tackling corruption and that only when this link is truly appreciated can inroads into corruption be made.

Der Beitrag über die politische Korruption in Polen gliedert sich in zwei Untersuchungsgegenstände: Die erste Studie befasst sich mit den Ursprüngen der Korruption im post-kommunistischen Polen. Dabei gliedern sich die Ausführungen bzw. das Datenmaterial von 1991 bis 2004 in folgende Punkte zum aktuellen Ausmaß der Korruption: (1) Indikatoren der Korruption - Wahrnehmung, Korruptionspraktiken, strukturelle Korruption; (2) korruptionsfördernde Faktoren - Privatisierungstempo, Handhabung des öffentlichen Beschaffungswesens, Rolle des Geheimdienstes im polnischen Transformationsprozess. Die zweite Studie beleuchtet in einer Fallstudie den Klientelismus in der schlesischen Bergbauindustrie seit Beginn des Transformationsprozesses 1990 bis 2003. Die Befunde basieren auf Netzwerkanalysen, Befragungen sowie Inhaltsanalysen von Wirtschaftsprogrammen zur Restrukturierung dieses Industriezweiges, Artikeln und Inspektionsberichten. Nach einer Darstellung der Organisationsstruktur der Bergbauindustrie werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse in Angaben (1) zum Massenklientelismus im Kontext der Beschäftigungssituation der Bergleute und (2) zum individuellen Klientelismus bzw. Vetternwirtschaft (zusätzliche Einkommensquellen durch die Verbindung der Bergbaugesellschaften zu der Privatwirtschaft) unterteilt. Ferner werden Ausprägung und Ausmaß des Klientelismus anhand der 'Umdrehungen des Positionenkarussells' verdeutlicht, also dem Netzwerk der Machtzirkel in Bergbau und Politik. Abschließend werden in einer Zusammenfassung die Hauptgründe und Konsequenzen für das Auftreten von Netzwerken mit klientelistischen Verbindungen im Bergbau genannt. (ICG2)

There is new international attention being given to the old problem of corruption. It has been taken up by international organisations, and driven by economic analysis. It is impatient of cultural justifications, and suspicious of state action. It is concerned with corruption prevention as much as detection, investigation and prosecution.Corruption and Anti-Corruption deals with the international dimensions of corruption, including campaigns to recover the assets of former dictators, and the links between corruption, transnational and economic crime. It deals with corruption as an issue in political theory, and shows how it can be addressed in campaigns for human rights. It also presents case studies of reform efforts in Philippines, India and Thailand.The book explains the doctrines of a well-established domestic anticorruption agency. It is based on research to develop a curriculum for a unique international training course on 'Corruption and Anti-Corruption', designed and taught by academics at The Australian National University, the Australian Institute of Criminology and public servants in the New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption. Versions have been taught in Canberra, and several countries in South East Asia

There is new international attention being given to the old problem of corruption. It has been taken up by international organisations, and driven by economic analysis. It is impatient of cultural justifications, and suspicious of state action. It is concerned with corruption prevention as much as detection, investigation and prosecution. Corruption and Anti-Corruption deals with the international dimensions of corruption, including campaigns to recover the assets of former dictators, and the links between corruption, transnational and economic crime. It deals with corruption as an issue in political theory, and shows how it can be addressed in campaigns for human rights. It also presents case studies of reform efforts in Philippines, India and Thailand. The book explains the doctrines of a well-established domestic anticorruption agency. It is based on research to develop a curriculum for a unique international training course on 'Corruption and Anti-Corruption', designed and taught by academics at The Australian National University, the Australian Institute of Criminology and public servants in the New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption. Versions have been taught in Canberra, and several countries in South East Asia.

There is new international attention being given to the old problem of corruption. It has been taken up by international organisations, and driven by economic analysis. It is impatient of cultural justifications, and suspicious of state action. It is concerned with corruption prevention as much as detection, investigation and prosecution. Corruption and Anti-Corruption deals with the international dimensions of corruption, including campaigns to recover the assets of former dictators, and the links between corruption, transnational and economic crime. It deals with corruption as an issue in political theory, and shows how it can be addressed in campaigns for human rights. It also presents case studies of reform efforts in Philippines, India and Thailand.

The book explains the doctrines of a well-established domestic anticorruption agency. It is based on research to develop a curriculum for a unique international training course on 'Corruption and Anti-Corruption', designed and taught by academics at The Australian National University, the Australian Institute of Criminology and public servants in the New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption. Versions have been taught in Canberra, and several countries in South East Asia.

A common finding of recent theoretical and empirical literature is that corruption has a negative effect on economic growth. In the paper, through growth regression analysis, we estimate the direct and indirect effects of corruption on economic growth. The indirect transmission channels, specifically investments, trade policy, schooling, and political stability, analysed in our study prove to be significant in explaining the deleterious effect of corruption on growth rates. We find that one standard deviation increase in the corruption index is associated with a decrease in investments of 2.46 per centage points, which in turn decreases economic growth by 0.34 per cent per year. The second, by importance, transmission channel is openness: a standard deviation increase in the corruption index is associated with a decrease of the openness index by 0.19, resulting in a decrease in economic growth by 0.30 percent per year. Jointly, the transmission channels explain 81 per cent of the effect of corruption on growth. While combating corruption is a long-term task, an understanding of the transmission channels, through which corruption affects the economy, may suggest ways to limit corruption's negative, but indirect, effects on growth.

Corruption is both a major cause and a result of poverty around the world. It occurs at all levels of society, from local and national governments, civil society, judiciary functions, large and small businesses, military and other services and so on.
Some countries are seeing increasing protests at large scale corruption. In India, a largely non-violent movement has sprung up, which has also inspired anti-corruption campaigners in Nepal. In Brazil, inspired by the way protesters in Spain have used social networks, technology has been used to increasingly campaign against corruption there.
The global financial crisis has made conditions worse in many places for many people. Increasing food prices and other policy decisions governments are pushing through is leading to many volatile conditions, and it may be that this is giving a much needed push for large-scale grassroots and civil society movements against debilitating corruption.
This update to the corruption section includes an overview of some of the protests mentioned above.
Read full article: Corruption

Globally, corruption is a serious and widespread crime undermining democratic institutions, jeopardising economic development, and threatening the security and stability of governments. In Australia, barely a day goes by when the media does not report corrupt behaviour in political parties, the public sector, trade unions, sports bodies and companies. This book explores the extent and impacts of corruption worldwide, and examines the latest anti-corruption efforts in Australia. Also includes: worksheets and activities, fast facts, glossary, web links, index

"From ancient times to modern, corruption has been ingrained in human society and is still a powerful issue in the contemporary world. In Corruption: A Short History, Carlo Brioschi provides a thorough and entertaining look at how corruption was born and has evolved over time, without ever being stamped out. He examines corruption through politics and history-from Babylon to modern-day U.S. organized crime and the great market collapses-and concludes with reflections on the moral perception of corruption and its dangers for democracy"--

Corruption has been part of social interaction since the beginning of humanity. People have always wheeled and dealed, given and taken, sought position, benefits, and privileges. In modern societies there are laws that prohibit public officials from receiving benefits other than salary, and an expectation that in the private sector business undertakings will be conducted with integrity. This does not always occur, and there is considerable analysis of the causes and experiences of corrupt behavior as well as of the mechanisms that could be used to prevent it. Rather than define corruption, one might try to understand the suite of behaviors that are deemed corrupt, and these will vary from society to society, and will be treated differently in different types of societies. In essence, corruption involves the abuse of public position or entrusted office in return for private gain. It involves the unauthorized trading of entrusted authority. It may manifest itself in different ways, in bribery, extortion, conflict of interest, a public official hiring one's own company for government contracts, hiring unqualified friends or family members for government jobs, and so on. Sometimes there is a corrupt person in an organization, sometimes the whole organization is corrupt, or sometimes the society tolerates corruption on a grand scale. These variations lead to different interpretations and analyses of the concept. When a public official does wrong things, or fails to do what he or she should do, or does something permissible, but purposely does it in an improper manner, then there is a strong suspicion of corrupt behavior. The World Economic Forum estimates that corruption costs about 5 percent of global GDP (about $2.6 trillion), while the World Bank estimates that about $1 trillion per year is paid in bribes and about $40 billion per year is skimmed or looted by political leaders. On an everyday basis corruption hurts the public and undermines government. The impacts of corruption severely and disproportionally affect the poorest and most vulnerable in any society, and when it is widespread, corruption deters investment, weakens economic growth and undermines the basis for law and order. In wealthier countries corruption pushes taxes to higher levels than they need be, and reduces services to lesser quality than they might be.

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