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People of Iran international tribunal hearing in the Hague investigating the1980s mass-execution of political prisoners in Iran; this tribunal was formed by some victims and relatives of victims in 2007. "In the 1980s, Iran committed mass killings of political prisoners. Many of those responsible for these crimes against humanity went on to hold high office in Iran.. After decades of silence and intimidation, surviving political prisoners and relatives of victims were able to testify to an international tribunal in the International Court of Justice in The Hague. The verdict of the tribunal was handed down in February 2013. For people who refused to be silenced, the Iran Tribunal was a chance to speak the truth after 30 years of struggle for the right to be heard in court
In: Rasāʾil 4
In: رسائل 4
In: ʿUlūm wa maʿārif-i Islāmī 1
In: علوم و معارف اسلامى 1
In: Mīrāṯ-i maktūb 175
In: ميراث مکتوب 175
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob, ISBN: 9789004365452
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob
Idrīs Bidlīsī (d. 926/1520) was the son of a munshī (secretary) in the chancery of the court of the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Ḥasan (d. 882/1478) first in Diyarbakır and then Tabriz. Idrīs must have enjoyed the usual education for an adolescent of his social background. He was fluent in Persian and Arabic, knowing Kurdish as well. He started his career in Tabriz under Yaʿqūb Beg (d. 896/1490), and served him and his descendants for seventeen years in various high administrative offices. When Tabriz was conquered by the Safavids in 907/1501, he fled to the court of the Ottoman emperor Bāyazīd II (d. 918/1512) in Istanbul, serving him and Selīm I (d. 926/1520) in different positions and capacities. Bidlīsī authored more than twenty works but is best known for his Hasht Bihisht , a history of the Ottoman empire written for Bāyazīd II. The present work is a mirror for princes type of composition with a strong religious colouring
In: Mīrāṯ-i Maktūb 121
In: میراث مکتوب 121
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob, ISBN: 9789004365452
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob
During the reign of the Safavid Shāh ʿAbbās I (reg. 996-1038/1588-1629), Isfahan was the center of power, diplomacy and trade of Iran. Every year scores of diplomatic envoys and traders would make their way to the capital in pursuit of some political or commercial gain. The present collection of Persian letters and documents, whose originals are kept in the Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III in Naples, gives a fine view of the major issues in international relations that ʿAbbās I had to deal with during most of his reign. The collection consists for the greater part of translations of documents from various European courts and religious bodies and authorities, prepared by the interpreters of the Carmelite mission in Isfahan. Among the subjects: the silk trade, Anglo-Spanish relations, the threat of the Ottomans, the importance of Russia in an alternative trade route to Europe, foreign access to Persiaʾs ports, and the interests of the Catholic church
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob, ISBN: 9789004365452
In: Persian E-Books Miras Maktoob
Born into a family that traced its origins to caliph ʿUmar born al-Khaṭṭāb (d. 23/644), Rashīd al-Dīn Waṭwāṭ (d. 578/1182) was a graduate of the Niẓāmiyya academy in his hometown of Balkh, where he had received a solid grounding in Arabic language and literature. Bi-lingual in Persian and Arabic and an accomplished writer of poetry and prose, he spent the greater part of his active life in Gurgānj, steadily climbing the administrative ranks to become chief-secretary at the courts of Qizil Arslan Atsiz Khwārazmshāh (d. 551/1156) and his son Il-Arslan born Atsiz (d. 568/1172). Bald, small sized and bad-tempered, Rashīd al-Dīn used his sharp tongue to protect himself from ridicule and animosity. He is mostly known for his annotated translation of 100 sayings of ʿAlī born Abī Ṭālib and several collections of letters. The Persian renderings of 281 Arabic sayings and proverbs presented here offer an excellent sample of the authorʾs taste and erudition