Creeping stagnation
In: Monthly review: an independent socialist magazine, Band 28, S. 1-14
ISSN: 0027-0520
818 Ergebnisse
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In: Monthly review: an independent socialist magazine, Band 28, S. 1-14
ISSN: 0027-0520
In: Comparative studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Band 31, Heft 1, S. 46-52
ISSN: 1548-226X
The Islamic revolution in Iran at the closing decades of the twentieth century was a shocking, unexpected phenomenon in the context of modern history. Its religious emblem, the presence of the Shiite clerics as it's mobilizing motor for mass demonstrations and, eventually, the bizarre composition of Islam and revolution—an amalgam of two conceptually alien elements, with unprecedented ideological claims— created a new peculiar model of state and statecraft. The substitution of a fundamentalist regime for a semisecular monarchy replaced the crown with the turban as the paramount symbol of the Iranian national sovereignty, under the fundamentalist formulation of the "governance of the canonist" (velayat-e faqih). This new state manifesting itself through specific signs, symbols, slogans, discourses, and behaviors, as well as by appropriation of modern means of ideological propaganda, the use of revolutionary violence, and organized terror, embodied in the very structure of a state, addressed itself to the world as a new militant ideological and political power aiming, once again, to change the world. How could this extremely unexpected event happen? Explanations are various and they focus either on the dictatorial manners and erroneous actions of the shah, alongside the role played by the Western powers, specifically the United States, or on the presence and the political role of Shiism and its clergy in Iranian history. However, a few fundamental questions remain unanswered. How could a radically traditionalist religious establishment, which was normally marked by modern revolutionaries as reactionary, merge with the most radical revolutionary groups and views? What are the universal results of such a "chemical" composition for both the otherworldly religionism and secular revolutionism? How do they essentially differ in action and discourse from what they had been previously? What were the innermost historical forces that made possible this seemingly impossible phenomenon?
In: The world today, Band 63, Heft 4, S. 20-21
ISSN: 0043-9134
World Affairs Online
World Affairs Online
In: Probation journal: the journal of community and criminal justice, Band 40, Heft 1, S. 50-50
ISSN: 1741-3079
In: Economic affairs: journal of the Institute of Economic Affairs, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 194-196
ISSN: 1468-0270
Mrs Thatcher's trade policy is not the model of free‐market liberalism her opponents claim it to be David Greenaway examines the growth in 'voluntary' export restraints imposed by the Conservative Government on the UK's trading partners, and explains how this cost falls on the consumer by cushioning domestic inefficiency against competition from overseas.
In: Monthly Review, Band 28, Heft 8, S. 1
ISSN: 0027-0520
In: Monthly Review, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 33
ISSN: 0027-0520
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Band 46, Heft 181, S. 65-69
ISSN: 1474-029X
In: Journal of democracy, Band 6, Heft 4, S. 65-79
ISSN: 1086-3214
In: Journal of democracy, Band 6, Heft 4, S. 65-79
ISSN: 1045-5736
World Affairs Online
In: Challenge: the magazine of economic affairs, Band 4, Heft 1, S. 48-52
ISSN: 1558-1489
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 33, Heft 3, S. 473
ISSN: 2327-7793
In: Foreign affairs, Band 33, Heft 1, S. 473
ISSN: 0015-7120