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This paper deals with the concept of Restorative Justice, from the theory of criminal law as a response to crime and its practical development in connection with the principles guaranteeing the rights, uncritical parties. At present, there is a tendency of traditional justice to the derivation formulas that favour the agreement between victim and offender, in some cases with community involvement. European law has encouraged Mediation and other restorative methods, through Recommendations and Directives must transposition for member states. A description and analysis of the Spanish legislation in relation to restorative justice, both positive law and draft laws, in order to present the current state of affairs in our country, and an assessment is also done not without certain implicit subjectivity towards an integration of this new conception of justice in our criminal justice system. ; [Tercer accésit. Premios de artículos jurídicos «GARCÍA GOYENA» (Curso 2014-2015)]El trabajo versa sobre el concepto de Justicia Restaurativa, desde la teoría del derecho penal como respuesta al delito y su desarrollo práctico, en conexión con los principios que garantizan los derechos, no exentos de críticas. En la actualidad, existe una tendencia de la justicia tradicional a la derivación a fórmulas que favorecen el acuerdo entre víctima y victimario, en algunos casos con implicación de la comunidad. El derecho europeo ha fomentado la Mediación y otros métodos restaurativos, a través de Recomendaciones y también Directivas, de obligada transposición para los estados miembros. Se realiza también una descripción y análisis de la normativa española en relación a la Justicia Restaurativa, tanto desde el derecho positivo como de los proyectos normativos, con el objeto de presentar el estado actual de la cuestión, así como una valoración, no exenta de cierta subjetividad implícita hacia una integración de esta nueva concepción de la Justicia en nuestro sistema de Justicia Penal.This paper deals with the concept of Restorative Justice, from the theory of criminal law as a response to crime and its practical development in connection with the principles guaranteeing the rights, uncritical parties. At present, there is a tendency of traditional justice to the derivation formulas that favour the agreement between victim and offender, in some cases with community involvement. European law has encouraged Mediation and other restorative methods, through Recommendations and Directives must transposition for member states. A description and analysis of the Spanish legislation in relation to restorative justice, both positive law and draft laws, in order to present the current state of affairs in our country, and an assessment is also done not without certain implicit subjectivity towards an integration of this new conception of justice in our criminal justice system.

Peer reviewed ; [EN] In 1894 Cesar Lombroso culminated his political determinism with the publication of his book Gli anarchici. The work of this Turin professor undoubtedly became, wheter intentionally or not, an effective coercive instrument, wielded by a powerful borgeois class against the revolutionary anxieties promoted by the working class in Europe at the end of the XIXth century an in the first decades of the XXth century. Science and revolution appeared condemned to confrontation this aspect of Lombrosian doctrine had a widespread influence in the Spain of the turn of the century, theses against which the Spanish acrasy movement reacted vigorously and decisively. For its part the Spanish criminal anthropological movement showed on this occasion its displeasure towards the determinist postulates and in opposition to an oligarchic society which resorted to the oracle of science in demand of justice and protection from anarchic terrorism. ; [ES] En 1894 Cesar Lombroso va a culminar su determinismo político con la publicación de su libro Gli anarchici. Sin duda la obra del profesor de Turín se convierte, intencionadamente o no, en un eficaz instrumento coercitivo, esgrimido por una pujante clase burguesa, frente a las inquietudes revolucionarias promovidas por la clase obrera en la Europa de finales del siglo xrx g primeras décadas del >ü;. Ciencia y revolución parecían condenadas a enfrentarse. Este aspecto de la doctrina lombrosiana tuvo amplia incidencia en la España finisecular, tesis frente a la cual el movimiento ácrata español reacciono enérgica 7 contundentemente. Por su parte, el movimiento antropológico criminal español se mostró en esta ocasión displicente con los postulados deterministas, oponiéndose a una sociedad oligárquica que acudía al oráculo de la ciencia en demanda de justicia y protección frente al terrorismo anarquista.

[ES] En 1894 Cesar Lombroso va a culminar su determinismo político con la publicación de su libro Gli anarchici. Sin duda la obra del profesor de Turín se convierte, intencionadamente o no, en un eficaz instrumento coercitivo, esgrimido por una pujante clase burguesa, frente a las inquietudes revolucionarias promovidas por la clase obrera en la Europa de finales del siglo xrx g primeras décadas del >ü;. Ciencia y revolución parecían condenadas a enfrentarse. Este aspecto de la doctrina lombrosiana tuvo amplia incidencia en la España finisecular, tesis frente a la cual el movimiento ácrata español reacciono enérgica 7 contundentemente. Por su parte, el movimiento antropológico criminal español se mostró en esta ocasión displicente con los postulados deterministas, oponiéndose a una sociedad oligárquica que acudía al oráculo de la ciencia en demanda de justicia y protección frente al terrorismo anarquista. ; [EN] In 1894 Cesar Lombroso culminated his political determinism with the publication of his book Gli anarchici. The work of this Turin professor undoubtedly became, wheter intentionally or not, an effective coercive instrument, wielded by a powerful borgeois class against the revolutionary anxieties promoted by the working class in Europe at the end of the XIXth century an in the first decades of the XXth century. Science and revolution appeared condemned to confrontation this aspect of Lombrosian doctrine had a widespread influence in the Spain of the turn of the century, theses against which the Spanish acrasy movement reacted vigorously and decisively. For its part the Spanish criminal anthropological movement showed on this occasion its displeasure towards the determinist postulates and in opposition to an oligarchic society which resorted to the oracle of science in demand of justice and protection from anarchic terrorism. ; Peer reviewed

[ES]El miedo es una característica del ser humano que se manifiesta ante los distintos riesgos y peligros que nos acechan. Los miedos son representados y expandidos por unos medios de comunicación social que propician en los ciudadanos distintos sentimientos de seguridad e inseguridad. Dichas construcciones mediáticas no siempre son fiel reflejo de la realidad y en muchos casos, corresponden a distintos intereses de las principales fuentes de poder político o económico. Todo ello puede afectar a nuestros gobernantes en el desarrollo de políticas criminales que atienda más a unos deseos condicionados de seguridad de la ciudadanía que a sus verdaderas necesidades. Por tal motivo hemos de ser conscientes que una correcta estrategia contra el miedo que pretenda garantizar la seguridad ciudadana, más concretamente desde la propia actividad de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad o desde el desarrollo de distintos tipos de control social, ha de ser respetuosa con los principios básicos de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y con el normal desarrollo de derechos y libertades. ; [EN]Fear is a basic human being emotion, which shows up when facing different hazards or risks surrounding. Fears are represented and spread by different communication media by which is propitiated among citizens different feelings such as security and insecurity. The aforesaid feelings brought by media, are not always matching the real situation and in many occasions are the outcome of different interests of the paramount sources of the politic as well as economic power. The idea set out herein, might affect the development of criminal policies more focused on misled wishes and necessities regarding security and safety of the citizenship than the real needs and necessities. This is why, we have to be aware of the proper strategy versus the fear which intend to assure the public safety, mainly the one coming from the Forces of Law and order, or from the development of different mechanisms for social control, having regard that must be respectful with the Basic Principles on the legal system and aimed at the normal developing people´s rights and freedoms. ; Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Derecho Penal, Filosofía del Derecho, Filosofía Moral y Filosofía. Leída el 6 de noviembre de 2015

The purpose of the article was to consider the main development trends in certain elements of the criminal justice system, which were integrated due to Russia's large-scale attack on the sovereign territories of Ukraine. The subject of the article is the institution of the reform of the Ukrainian criminal justice system. The legal bases ensuring the functioning of criminal justice institutions (in particular, the investigative bodies) are examined and the corresponding conceptual and categorical apparatus is analyzed. A review of selected elements of the criminal justice system during the war is conducted. The influence and significance of Ukraine's acquisition of EU candidate membership status on the functioning of certain elements of the criminal justice system is clarified. Finally, the content and essence of the main requirements of the EU to Ukraine, which can be the basis for conducting negotiations on the issue of Ukraine's final accession to the organization, are characterized. In the conclusions, directions and methods of reforming certain elements of the criminal justice system in the conditions of large-scale invasion are described.

The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.

The present work has attempted to analyze sexual crimes and especially the crime of male rape. The international jurisprudence of international criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court has tried to qualify rape either as a crime of genocide in the form of serious bodily and physical injuries, even if not necessarily permanent (lett. b) art. 6 of the Rome Statute; or as a crime against humanity where there are elements of context and above all material elements that emerge from the definitions given by the ad hoc Tribunals and the elements of crimes; or even as a war crime in case it is implemented as a part of a political plan or design, or as part of series of similar crimes committed on a large scale. This behavior is rebuilt in a residual way compared to that of sexual violence, according to a gender specific relationship to speciem. The indication of the level of gravity of the crime is necessary for the relevance of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity that we will see in the next years from the panorama of international criminal law.

The purpose of the article is to define the concept, system and content of fair justice standards and outline their relationship to standards of evidence in criminal proceedings. The purpose of the study is to reveal the content of the right to a fair trial, distinguish fair justice standards and establish its relationship with standards of evidence in criminal proceedings. The research methodology consists of comparative law, structural system methods and formal legal methods. The study found that testing standards are covered by justice standards, expanding, specifying, and clarifying their content. The content of the fair justice standards "examination of the case by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law", "adversarial procedure", "equality of the parties", "frankness of the examination of evidence", "presumption of innocence" and reveals the "motivation of judicial decisions". It is concluded that each of these concepts is a heuristic contribution to test standards. As a result of the study, the author's definition of the concept of "fair justice standards" is formulated and the concept is based on its relationship with the standards of evidence in criminal proceedings.

Este trabajo es un estudio de tres casos emblemáticos de militares croatas juzgados por crímenes de guerra durante diecisiete años (2001-2018) cuando se hizo efectiva la cooperación de Croacia con el TPIY y empezaron los juicios ante tribunales locales. Dichos casos indican el efecto de las sentencias judiciales en la memoria colectiva, la evolución social de la figura del perpetrador y el proceso de la consolidación la narrativa dominante que rodea a los croatas acusados y/o condenados por crímenes de guerra. Se analiza la producción social de la memoria en dos dimensiones: 1) la oficial ?el lugar de los perpetradores en la narrativa histórica?; y 2) la pública ?las reacciones de la sociedad y la cobertura mediática. También, donde procede, se da la dimensión individual ?la representación de la figura de los perpetradores mismos. Ya que los juicios por crímenes de guerra ponen en foco la figura del perpetrador, en el caso croata entran en tensión con la memoria social que gira en torno a las víctimas y la defensa victoriosa del país. El efecto de dicha tensión y conflicto tiene como resultado una memoria negadora y la heroización de los perpetradores. ; This paper is a study of three emblematic cases of Croatian officers tried for war crimes in the period of seventeen years (2001-2018) when Croatia's cooperation with the ICTY became effective and trials before domestic courts began. These cases indicate the effect of judicial sentences on the collective memory, the social evolution of the figure of the perpetrator and the process of consolidation of the dominant narrative surrounding Croatians accused and / or convicted of war crimes. The social production of memory in two dimensions is analyzed: 1) the official - the place of the perpetrators in the historical narrative, 2) the public - the reactions of society and media coverage. Also, where appropriate, the individual is offered- the representation of the figure of the perpetrators by themselves. Since war crimes trials focus on the figure of the perpetrator, in the Croatian case they enter into tension with the social memory that revolves around the victims and the victorious defense of the country. The effect of such tension and conflict results in a memory denying crimes and the heroization of the perpetrators.

La política criminal ha sido interpretada como un conjunto de prácticas con las que una junta comunitaria responde a un fenómeno criminal, y el sistema involucrado se define de esa manera. La prevención de delitos y violaciones deportivas puede ser una de las formas apropiadas de combatir las anormalidades en el deporte. La prevención social, que es basada en la educación, puede ser efectiva en este sentido. Esto no significa la falta de leyes y reglamentos, sino la falta de una perspectiva para este problema. La ética en el deporte es el objeto que falta en la política penal legislativa de Irán. La ausencia de un derecho penal legislativo coherente en relación con los crímenes y violaciones en el campo del deporte y la falta de un plan para mejorar la situación son evidentes. ; Criminal policy has been interpreted as a set of practices with that a community board responds to a criminal phenomenon, and the involved system is defined in that way. Prevention of sport crimes and violations can be one of the appropriate ways to combat abnormalities in sport. Social prevention, which is an education-based prevention, can be effective in this regard. This does not mean the lack of laws and regulations, but a lack of an outlook for this issue. Ethics in sport is the missing object in Iran's legislative criminal policy. The absence of a coherent legislative criminal law in relation to the crimes and violations in the field of sport and lacking a plan to improve the situation are apparent.

Objetivo. Motivar la reflexión de profesionales de ciencias sociales especialmente trabajadores sociales, con respecto a los retos del proceso de construcción de paz, con justicia social. Metodología. Para elaborarlo se consultó: 1) la investigación que en el tema se ha adelantado en el grupo de investigación Cedat. 2) Las experiencias de proyección social del centro Cedat. 3) Literatura sobre el tema de justicia social y paz. Resultado. En el texto se derivan responsabilidades y retos, presentes y futuros para trabajo social, con relación al proceso de transición hacia la construcción de paz con justicia social. Conclusión. El trabajo social debe: 1) Involucrar una concepción plural de justicia social (restaurativa, redistributiva y justicia como reconocimiento). 2) Considerar la ciudadanía y la participación social como: campos de encuentro inter y transdisciplinar; objetos de acción, disputa política e investigación. 3) Gestar compromiso colectivo con la transición. ; Objective. To motivate the reflection of social science professionals, especially social workers, regarding the challenges of the peace building process with social justice. Methodology. In order to elaborate this reflection, it was necessary to consult: 1) the research carried out by the Cedat research group in this area; 2) the social projection experiences of the Cedat center; and 3) literature on the area of social justice and peace. Results. Responsibilities and challenges, present and future, for social work in relation to the process of transition towards the construction of peace with social justice are derived from the text. Conclusion. Social work must: 1) involve a plural conception of social justice (restorative, redistributive and justice as recognition); 2) consider citizenship and social participation as inter and transdisciplinary meeting point, object of action, political dispute and investigation; and 3) develop collective commitment with the transition.

Con el objeto de reflexionar sobre el rol de empatía en la justicia como institución, recuperaré la categoría analítica "justicia espectáculo" empleada por Sousa Santos para explorar el protagonismo judicial en los conflictos políticos que tienen por objeto lograr la gobernabilidad y garantizar el ejercicio de la propiedad privada. Para llevar a cabo mi objetivo me valdré de la perspectiva aristotélica sobre el efecto emotivo y el juicio de valor que los espectadores realizan en relación a los protagonistas en el espectáculo. Asimismo, consideraré la mirada que Bourdieu realiza sobre las instituciones sociales, por cuanto argumenta que quien detenta poder, en éste caso quienes juzgan, hacen de la realidad un espectáculo social. ; In order to reflect on the role of empathy in justice as an institution, I recover the analytical category "show justice" used by Sousa Santos to explore the judicial protagonism in the political conflicts that aim to ensure good governance and ensure the exercise of private property. To accomplish my goal I shall use the Aristotelian perspective on the emotional effect and judgment that viewers made in relation to the characters in the show. Also, I consider the look that Bourdieu made on social institutions, because who holds power, in this case those who judge, make a social reality show. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

This article examines two central aspects of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights judgment in the Case of Gelman v. Uruguay: on the one hand, the importance of the Uruguayan State's recognition of responsibility and, on the other, the role played by criminal justice in the ruling. The author holds that the State's recognition of responsibility reveals the existence of a new starting point in discussions about violent pasts and the current requirements of democracy, and is the lens through which the remaining conclusions contained in the ruling should be viewed. With regards to the way in which criminal justice is dealt with in the ruling –particularly the validity of the Uruguayan Amnesty Law– the author argues that the reasoning underlines the active nature of the debate on the role of criminal punishment in late transitions and on the limitations of the Inter-American Court when faced with majoritarian decisions made by domestic communities. In the face of this consideration, the Court's decision cannot be properly evaluated without taking into account the historical and normative context in which it is inserted. ; Este artículo reflexiona sobre dos aspectos centrales el caso Gelman vs. Uruguay de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: por un lado, la importancia del reconocimiento de responsabilidad efectuado por el Estado Uruguayo y, por otro, el papel de la justicia penal en la decisión. El reconocimiento estatal de responsabilidad, sostiene el autor, revela la existencia de un nuevo piso de marcha para debatir sobre el pasado violento y las necesidades actuales de la democracia, y es el prisma a través del cual se deberían comprender las demás conclusiones del fallo. Con relación al tratamiento otorgado a la justicia penal en la sentencia, en particular en lo relativo a la validez de la Ley de Caducidad de la Pretensión Punitiva del Estado, el autor señala que ello ratifica la vigencia del debate sobre el lugar del castigo penal en las transiciones tardías y sobre los límites del tribunal ...