Suchergebnisse

Armut und Arbeitsplatzverlust in der Wirtschaftskrise.

Armut und Arbeitsplatzverlust in der Wirtschaftskrise.

Armut und Arbeitsplatzverlust in der Wirtschaftskrise.

Armut und Arbeitsplatzverlust in der Wirtschaftskrise.

Armut und Arbeitsplatzverlust in der Wirtschaftskrise.

Employing new and original survey data collected in three waves (May and November 2020 as well as May 2021) in Germany, this paper studies the dynamics of individual-level support for additional health care spending. A first major finding is that, so far, health care spending preferences have not radically changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, at least at the aggregate level. A more detailed analysis reveals, secondly, that individual-level support for additional spending on health care is strongly conditioned by performance perceptions and, to a lesser extent, general political trust. Citizens who regard the system as badly (well) prepared to cope with the crisis are more likely to support (oppose) additional spending. Higher levels of political trust are also positively associated with spending support, but to a lesser degree. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy-making and welfare state politics in the post-pandemic era.



This data set provides the data and Stata code used for the article. A detailed description of the variables is available from the corresponding publication. Please cite the paper if you use the data.

The data were collected in the research project "Political cohesion under conditions of fiscal scarcity - German federalism in the time of COVID-19" (funded by VolkswagenStiftung). The data collection consists of two datasets. The first dataset, labeled as "CovDebate", encompasses a total of 3,117 parliamentary proceedings related to Covid-19 that were debated in the German Bundestag and the 16 state parliaments between 1 February 2020 and 26 September 2021. The dataset includes the titles of the proceedings and contextual variables that facilitate a detailed analysis. The second dataset, labeled as "CovFed", comprises 4,610 manually coded statements of political parties that were identified in a qualitative content analysis of 212 key parliamentary debates in the same investigation period. The statements reflect different discursive strategies parties employ in the federal arena. The dataset covers all parties represented in the Bundestag as well as the "Freie Wähler"; all parliaments at both levels of government (Bundestag and 16 state parliaments); and three Covid-19-waves. It contains the statements as well as contextual variables, enabling a detailed analysis of the data. The new dataset is a novel and unique contribution to federalism scholarship because it provides insights into political behavior in the federal arena. It also contains analytical categories which are relevant beyond the German case and in political contexts other than Covid-19.

The project analyzes how societies' vulnerabilities to different types of policy responses to the crisis affects their willingness to engage in policies that constribute to a sustainable solution of the euro crisis. The argument builds on the insight that the euro crisis is, at its root, a balance-of-payments crisis and argues that the resulting distributive struggles surrounding the politics of the euro crisis in surplus and deficit countries are distinct but related, and should therefore be analyzed in a unified framework. The vulnerability to internal reforms is inversely related to the willingness to support (in surplus countries) or demand (in deficit countries) transfer payments to crisis countries.

Empirically, the project examined how vulnerability profiles affect domestic crisis politics and policies on two levels of analysis, the interest-group and the national level. It used a mixed-methods research design that combined a quantitative analysis of national vulnerability profiles and crisis politics in a wider set of deficit and surplus countries, interest-group surveys in selected Eurozone surplus and deficit countries and qualitative comparative case studies of the domestic politics of the euro crisis in these countries.

The overarching goal of the project was to generate an encompassing picture of the distributional politics of the euro crisis and a better understanding of the constraints under which European policymakers operate in their attempts to solve the crisis.

The project analyzes how societies' vulnerabilities to different types of policy responses to the crisis affects their willingness to engage in policies that constribute to a sustainable solution of the euro crisis. The argument builds on the insight that the euro crisis is, at its root, a balance-of-payments crisis and argues that the resulting distributive struggles surrounding the politics of the euro crisis in surplus and deficit countries are distinct but related, and should therefore be analyzed in a unified framework. The vulnerability to internal reforms is inversely related to the willingness to support (in surplus countries) or demand (in deficit countries) transfer payments to crisis countries.

Empirically, the project examined how vulnerability profiles affect domestic crisis politics and policies on two levels of analysis, the interest-group and the national level. It used a mixed-methods research design that combined a quantitative analysis of national vulnerability profiles and crisis politics in a wider set of deficit and surplus countries, interest-group surveys in selected Eurozone surplus and deficit countries and qualitative comparative case studies of the domestic politics of the euro crisis in these countries.

The overarching goal of the project was to generate an encompassing picture of the distributional politics of the euro crisis and a better understanding of the constraints under which European policymakers operate in their attempts to solve the crisis.

The COVID-19 pandemic provoked a difficult dichotomy for most of western States, whether to focus in saving the economy from a collapse bigger than the one suffered during the Great Recession or saving as many lives as possible. To balance these two elements has been a key element in how different countries managed the COVID-19 crisis. In this article, through the comparison in up to six countries, we will describe how were the measures taken into place and how effective they were in both saving the economy and saving lives. Through a comparative analysis we will be able to provide certain trends in crisis management and in sustainable growing despite the economic chaos that the COVID-19 has made in Western economies.

These are the replication files for the artile A Step Closer to a Transnational Party System? published in Journal of Common Market Studies https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12755. The data used are the EU Profiler and EUandI party data both to be found at GESIS:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4232/1.11689
and
http://dx.doi.org/10.4232/1.12138

These replication files contain a file that adds to the above mentioned data the number of seats for each party in the European parliament, and a file that runs our analysis and creates our graphs for both election years 2009 and 2014.

Abstract of the paper:
At this stage of European integration and given the high degree of Europe's politicization and salience caused by the crisis, representative democracy in the EU can only function if parties mobilize beyond borders. We examine whether European Party Groups (EPG) in the European Parliament (EP) offer distinct policy alternatives and how coherent these are. We use party position data collected by two Voting Advice Applications designed for the 2009 and 2014 EP elections respectively (EUProfiler and Euandi). We find evidence of competition between EPGs groups on both left right issues and European integration; on the latter issue, there is greater differentiation within the anti-EU camp. Coherence within EPG exists, though it varies across issues, EPGs and between election years examined: it is greater on European integration than on left-right issues and it is particularly high for right wing Eurosceptics though for most parties it deteriorates between 2009 and 2014.

The loss of an intimate partner in the second half of life is a major challenge and a critical life event. Even if, for most individuals, a critical life event is stressful and psychologically and socially destabilizing, the ways of coping with it and the long-term outcomes (ranging from increased vulnerability to stabilization and growth) are very different. Whether or not this critical life event turns out to be a chronic stressor depends on the individual's personal and social resources. Based on recent research, we propose a complementary and extended view of the crisis and chronic stress models of adjustment to critical life events (Amato, 2000) Lorenz et al., 2006). In fact, turning point experiences bear the potential for new chances, the awakening of a person's potential, overcoming the crisis and contributing to personal growth. For others, however, the same turning point is not only a crisis, but can also mean the onset of chronic disadvantage and stress with the threat of loss of control and increased physical, psychological and social vulnerability. What we also know from life-span and differential psychology is that there is a considerable continuity in psychological well-being over the life-span, independent of adversities and losses (Perrig-Chiello, Jäggi, Buschkühl, Stähelin, & Perrig, 2009).
Based on these insights, the rationale of our project is a transactional model of personality, which claims that individuals try to cope with negative life events (turning points) by activating their available personal and external resources. This view postulates that individuals – based on their biographical experience (e.g., attachment style, past experiences with silent and age-normed transitions, quality of relationship with partner/spouse) and on their actual physical, psychological (e.g., personality; control beliefs; self-esteem; and personal, familial and cultural values) and social resources (e.g., having children, relatives, friends to rely upon) – develop strategies, which allow them to adapt their life perspectives in order to bring continuity in their lives and assure their well-being. We therefore expect that there is a considerable biographical continuity in the way individuals cope with critical life events, and that the loss of an intimate partner is solved in very similar ways. We conceptualize these strategies as adaptive mental mechanisms (such as control beliefs). Based on an integrated bottom-up/top-down conception of subjective well-being (Schimmak, 2007), we expect that the impact of both top-down (dispositional variables, personality) and bottom-up variables (life conditions, financial satisfaction) are essential for the explanation of the outcome variables. However, we anticipate that top-down processes contribute substantial amounts of variance to well-being measures compared to bottom-up effects, which are expected to be less important. Based on subjective well-being research, we hypothesize that the process of coping with loss involves several phases.
First, the period during which the loss occurs (i.e., the first year of loss) is a time of destabilization (periphase). This is followed by a phase of active adaptation to the new situation (second and third years after the loss, past-phase). Finally, a phase of stabilization and return to the habitual baseline level can be expected.
Building upon this theoretical framework and considering the different research gaps outlined above, this project will focus on the following areas:
a) The incidence of bereavement, separation and divorce (cause, point in time) in a representative sample belonging to two age groups (middle and old age). These groups will represent both the German and French-speaking parts of Switzerland.
b) The reasons and circumstances of bereavement, separation and divorce, i.e., the quality of the relationship, marital and sexual satisfaction, agency (initiator or reactor), perceived level of anticipation and control (mastery).
c) The determinants that lead either to (increased) vulnerability or growth after experiencing the loss of an intimate partner. This analysis will take into account the following individual resources: psychological resources (personality; coping style; character strength; personal, familial, cultural and spiritual values; control beliefs; early childhood experiences/attachment; experience of silent and age-normed transitions), social resources (having children, partner, parents, friends), and financial resources and SES.
d) The short-term and long-term outcomes and the process of coping with this critical life event: psychological well-being (mastery, life satisfaction, sense of life), physical well-being (subjective health, health complaints, medication intake), social well-being (emotional and social loneliness, quality of contacts) and financial well-being in the different phases of coping. We will examine the first year of loss (phase of destabilization, peri-phase), the phase of adaptation (2-3 years after loss) and the post-phase or phase of stabilization (3-5 years after loss).


More specially, tthe scientific goals are:
- To initiate a prospective study, where men and women recently divorced and widowed after a long-term marriage are compared to long-term married persons (controls) (data collection 1st wave 2012; second wave 2014, third wave 2016).
- To investigate the reasons and circumstances of bereavement, separation and divorce, i.e., the quality of the relationship, marital and sexual satisfaction, agency (initiator or reactor), perceived level of anticipation and control.
- To analyse the determinants that lead either to vulnerability or growth after experiencing the break-up of marriage or partnership. These analyses will take into account the following individual resources: past critical life events and life trajectories (using a life calendar); psychological resources (personality; coping style; character strength; personal, familial, cultural and spiritual values; control beliefs; early childhood experiences/attachment; experience of silent and age-normed transitions), social resources (children, partner, parents, friends), financial resources and SES.
- To examine the process of psychosocial adaptation to the critical life event and the short-term and long-term outcomes: psychological well-being, physical well-being (subjective health, health complaints, and medication intake), social well-being (emotional and social loneliness, quality of contacts) and financial well-being in the different phases of coping. We will examine the first phase of loss (phase of destabilization, i.e. first two years), the phase of adaptation (2-5 years after loss) and the phase of stabilization (5> years after loss).
The middle and long-term scientific goals of the study are (2013/2014 and beyond):
- Dissemination of research findings (publication in national and international journals, presentation at national and international conferences), and practice (publications, presentations, training, teaching).


Research aimes Phase II (2015 - 2018):

- Continuation of survey (3rd wave 2016):
a) to track the trajectories of psychological adaptation to spousal loss and marital breakup after a long-term relationship;
b) to explore continuities and change in marital satisfaction in long-term married.
- Intervention for vulnerable individuals (complicated grief after separation, divorce, widowhood) recruited from the 2nd wave 2014 (and additinal recruitement).
- Exploration of identity processes and social groups as resources for overcoming psychological vulnerability (especially due to loneliness) in older age.

English:

The HaSpaD project harmonizes and pools longitudinal data for the analysis of partnership biographies from nine German survey programs. These are in detail:

The German Family Panel (pairfam), Data file Version 12.0.0
ALLBUS/GGSS 1980-2016 (Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften / Cumulated German General Social Survey 1980-2016)
Family Surveys 1988-2000 (Change and Development of Forms of Family Life in West Germany (Survey of Families), Family and Partner Relations in Eastern Germany (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Ways of Family Life - 2nd Wave (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Families` Way of Life - 3rd Wave (Family Survey))
Mannheim Divorce Study 1996
German Fertility and Family Survey (FFS) 1992
German Life History Studies (Courses of Life and Historical Change in East Germany (Life History Study LV DDR), Courses of Life and Social Change: Courses of Life and Welfare Development (Life History Study LV-West I), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II A - Personal Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II T - Telephone Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: Access to Occupation in Employment Crisis (Life History Study LV-West III), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV-Ost Panel), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV Ost 71), Education, Training, and Occupation: Life Courses of the 1964 and 1971 Birth Cohorts in West Germany (Life History Study LV-West 64/71), Early Careers and Starting a Family: Life Courses of the 1971 Birth Cohorts in East and West Germany (Life History Study LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (German Subsample) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), German Sample (Share Waves 1, 2, and 3) and
Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), data for the years 1984-2018.



The HaSpaD projects does not distribute own datasets. Instead, the HaSpaD syntax package allows to harmonize and pool all German surveys with partnership biographical data which are available for secondary use via a research data repository. Data access to these source data must be arranged autonomously by users of the HaSpaD syntax. The scripts harmonize and pool the partnership biographical data, as well as additional variables on respondents and their partnerships. These include, for example, gender, religious affiliation, and nationality of the respondents. The pooled data set provides the opportunity to analyse previously unanswered questions on marriage and partnership stability from a historical and life course theoretical perspective, in particular on the long-term increase in divorce rates and on social changes in risk factors for separation. In addition, methodological developments of research syntheses will be facilitated.





Deutsch:

Das HaSpaD-Projekt harmonisiert und kumuliert Längsschnittdaten zur Analyse von Partnerschaftsbiografien aus neun deutschen Umfrageprogrammen. Dies sind im Einzelnen:

Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam, Release 12.0
Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS / GGSS) 1980-2016
Familiensurvey 1988 - 2000 (Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen in Westdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in Ostdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 2. Welle (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 3. Welle (Familiensurvey))
Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie 1996
Deutscher Fertility and Family Survey 1992
Lebensverlaufsstudien (Lebensverläufe und historischer Wandel in Ostdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-DDR), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Lebensverläufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West I), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II A - Persönliche Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II T - Telefonische Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Berufszugang in der Beschäftigungskrise (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West III), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost Panel), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost 71), Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufe der Geburtskohorten 1964 und 1971 in Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West 64/71), Frühe Karrieren und Familiengründung: Lebensverläufe der Geburtskohorte 1971 in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (Unterstichprobe Deutschland) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Deutsches Sample SHARE Wellen 1, 2, und 3 und
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), Daten der Jahre 1984-2018.



HaSpaD stellt keine eigenen Datensätze zum Download zur Verfügung. Stattdessen ermöglicht das HaSpaD-Syntaxpaket die Verknüpfung aller thematisch relevanten verfügbaren deutschen Umfragedaten, die zur Sekundärnutzung über ein Forschungdatenrepositorium bereitgestellt werden. Der Datenzugang zu diesen Ursprungsdaten muss separat durch Nutzende der HaSpaD-Syntax erfolgen. Die Skripte ermöglichen die Harmonisierung und Kumulation der paarbiografischen Daten aus den verschiedenen Umfrageprogrammen. Außerdem werden harmonisierte Zusatzvariablen an die paarbiografischen Daten angefügt. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Geschlecht, Konfessionszugehörigkeit und Staatsangehörigkeit. Durch die Verknüpfung werden Analysen zu bislang unbeantwortetem Fragen zu Ehe- und Partnerschaftsstabilität aus historischer und lebensverlaufstheoretischer Perspektive, insbesondere zum langfristigen Anstieg der Scheidungsraten und zum sozialen Wandel von Risikofaktoren für Trennungen möglich. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Forschungssynthesen vereinfacht.

English:

The HaSpaD project harmonizes and pools longitudinal data for the analysis of partnership biographies from nine German survey programs. These are in detail:

The German Family Panel (pairfam), Data file Version 12.0.0
ALLBUS/GGSS 1980-2016 (Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften / Cumulated German General Social Survey 1980-2016)
Family Surveys 1988-2000 (Change and Development of Forms of Family Life in West Germany (Survey of Families), Family and Partner Relations in Eastern Germany (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Ways of Family Life - 2nd Wave (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Families` Way of Life - 3rd Wave (Family Survey))
Mannheim Divorce Study 1996
German Fertility and Family Survey (FFS) 1992
German Life History Studies (Courses of Life and Historical Change in East Germany (Life History Study LV DDR), Courses of Life and Social Change: Courses of Life and Welfare Development (Life History Study LV-West I), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II A - Personal Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II T - Telephone Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: Access to Occupation in Employment Crisis (Life History Study LV-West III), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV-Ost Panel), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV Ost 71), Education, Training, and Occupation: Life Courses of the 1964 and 1971 Birth Cohorts in West Germany (Life History Study LV-West 64/71), Early Careers and Starting a Family: Life Courses of the 1971 Birth Cohorts in East and West Germany (Life History Study LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (German Subsample) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), German Sample (Share Waves 1, 2, and 3) and
Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), data for the years 1984-2018.



The HaSpaD projects does not distribute own datasets. Instead, the HaSpaD syntax package allows to harmonize and pool all German surveys with partnership biographical data which are available for secondary use via a research data repository. Data access to these source data must be arranged autonomously by users of the HaSpaD syntax. The scripts harmonize and pool the partnership biographical data, as well as additional variables on respondents and their partnerships. These include, for example, gender, religious affiliation, and nationality of the respondents. The pooled data set provides the opportunity to analyse previously unanswered questions on marriage and partnership stability from a historical and life course theoretical perspective, in particular on the long-term increase in divorce rates and on social changes in risk factors for separation. In addition, methodological developments of research syntheses will be facilitated.





Deutsch:

Das HaSpaD-Projekt harmonisiert und kumuliert Längsschnittdaten zur Analyse von Partnerschaftsbiografien aus neun deutschen Umfrageprogrammen. Dies sind im Einzelnen:

Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam, Release 12.0
Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS / GGSS) 1980-2016
Familiensurvey 1988 - 2000 (Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen in Westdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in Ostdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 2. Welle (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 3. Welle (Familiensurvey))
Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie 1996
Deutscher Fertility and Family Survey 1992
Lebensverlaufsstudien (Lebensverläufe und historischer Wandel in Ostdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-DDR), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Lebensverläufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West I), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II A - Persönliche Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II T - Telefonische Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Berufszugang in der Beschäftigungskrise (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West III), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost Panel), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost 71), Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufe der Geburtskohorten 1964 und 1971 in Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West 64/71), Frühe Karrieren und Familiengründung: Lebensverläufe der Geburtskohorte 1971 in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (Unterstichprobe Deutschland) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Deutsches Sample SHARE Wellen 1, 2, und 3 und
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), Daten der Jahre 1984-2018.



HaSpaD stellt keine eigenen Datensätze zum Download zur Verfügung. Stattdessen ermöglicht das HaSpaD-Syntaxpaket die Verknüpfung aller thematisch relevanten verfügbaren deutschen Umfragedaten, die zur Sekundärnutzung über ein Forschungdatenrepositorium bereitgestellt werden. Der Datenzugang zu diesen Ursprungsdaten muss separat durch Nutzende der HaSpaD-Syntax erfolgen. Die Skripte ermöglichen die Harmonisierung und Kumulation der paarbiografischen Daten aus den verschiedenen Umfrageprogrammen. Außerdem werden harmonisierte Zusatzvariablen an die paarbiografischen Daten angefügt. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Geschlecht, Konfessionszugehörigkeit und Staatsangehörigkeit. Durch die Verknüpfung werden Analysen zu bislang unbeantwortetem Fragen zu Ehe- und Partnerschaftsstabilität aus historischer und lebensverlaufstheoretischer Perspektive, insbesondere zum langfristigen Anstieg der Scheidungsraten und zum sozialen Wandel von Risikofaktoren für Trennungen möglich. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Forschungssynthesen vereinfacht.