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Crisis, Escalation, War.Ole R. Holsti
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 35, Heft 2, S. 498-499
ISSN: 1468-2508
Crisis/Escalation/War by Ole R. Holsti (McGill-Queen's University Press; 238 pp.; $11.00)
In: Worldview, Band 16, Heft 10, S. 61-61
Holsti, Ole R., Crisis, Escalation and War, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montréal, 1972, 290 p
In: Études internationales, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 424
ISSN: 1703-7891
OLE R. HOLSTI. Crisis Escalation War. Pp. 290. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1972. $11.00
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 405, Heft 1, S. 165-166
ISSN: 1552-3349
Ole R. Holsti, Crisis Escalation War. Montreal and London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1972, pp. 290
In: Canadian journal of political science: CJPS = Revue canadienne de science politique, Band 5, Heft 3, S. 464-465
ISSN: 1744-9324
Conflict escalation and conflict reduction in an international crisis: Suez, 1956
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 16, Heft 2, S. 183-201
ISSN: 1552-8766
MEASURING EFFECT AND ACTION IN INTERNATIONAL REACTION MODELS, EMPIRICAL MATERIALS FROM THE 1962 CUBAN CRISIS
In: Journal of peace research, Band 3-4, S. 170-188
ISSN: 0022-3433
The Cuban crisis of Oct 1962 may be analyzed from several perspectives. Attention may be focused on the unique characteristics of the situation & sequence of events. The events may be examined to permit relevant comparisons with other crisis situations, both those resolved by war & those eventually resolved by nonviolent means. The conceptual framework for this analysis is a 2-step mediated stimulus-response model in which the acts of 1 nation are considered as inputs to other nations. Such psycho-pol'al variables as perceptions & expressions of hostility are traced over time by content analysis of documents to test the consistency of the model. In the Cuban crisis, both sides tended to perceive rather accurately the nature of the adversary's actions & then acted at an appropriate level. Efforts by either party to delay or reverse the escalation toward conflict were generally perceived as such, & responded to in like manner. IPSA.
Measuring Affect and Action in Inter National Reaction Models: Empirical Materials From the 1962 Cuban Crisis
In: Journal of peace research, Band 1, Heft 3-4, S. 170-189
ISSN: 1460-3578
The Cuban crisis of October 1962 may be analyzed from several perspectives. The investigator may focus his attention on the unique characteristics of the situation and sequence of events which are outlined here. The analyst of international relations may, as is suggested in this paper, examine these events so as to permit relevant comparisons with other crisis situations, both those resolved by war and those eventually resolved by non-violent means. The conceptual framework for this analysis is a two-step mediated stimulus-response model in which the acts of one nation are considered as inputs to other nations. Such psycho-political variables as perceptions and expressions of hostility are traced over time by means of content analysis of documents to test the consistency of the model. In the Cuban crisis, both sides tended to perceive rather accurately the nature of the adversary's actions and then proceeded to act at an appropriate level. Efforts by either party to delay or reverse the escalation toward conflict were generally perceived as such, and responded to in like manner.
MEDIA DAN KRISIS POLITIK (Analisis Wacana Terhadap Pemberitaan KOMPAS mengenai Krisis Politik Thailand, Edisi Maret-Mei 2010)
This study aims to examine the preaching of KOMPAS will be Thailand's political crisis. Questions to be answered in this study is how KOMPAS preach political crisis in Thailand. For this purpose, the researchers used a method of discourse analysis. Researchers analyzed at the level of textual and contextual KOMPAS news articles about Thailand's political crisis of 2010 for the March-May 2010. The ï€ rst ï€ ndings are at the beginning of Thailand's political crisis took place, KOMPAS does not cover the event directly. News about the crisis KOMPAS is taken from the source media and foreign news agencies such as: Bangkok Post, Reuters, The Nation, BBC, AP, AFP and fro. Only when the escalation of the crisis began peaking KOMPAS send reporters to cover the event directly. When the crisis began to subside KOMPAS pull back and re-use media journalists and foreign news agencies as sources of news. Second, related to the role of the media, in the context of Thailand's political crisis was initially KOMPAS acts as a transmitter, reported the news in an objective, accurate, neutral, and balanced. Then when the crisis began to escalate, it looks KOMPAS started giving appraisals. Lastly, KOMPAS gradually began to show partiality to the protesters commonly referred to as the "Red Shirtâ€.
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Contemporary Strategy and the International Political System - J. W. Burton: International Relations: A General Theory. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. 288, $7.50.) - Sidney Giffin: The Crisis Game: Simulating International Conflict. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1965. Pp. 191, $4.95...
In: The review of politics, Band 30, Heft 2, S. 263-268
ISSN: 1748-6858
In Search of a Thread: The UN in the Congo Labyrinth
In: International organization, Band 16, Heft 2, S. 331-361
ISSN: 1531-5088
It is possible to distinguish roughly two periods in the history of the United Nations. During the first, which lasted until the middle nineteen fifties, the Western powers had a fairly secure majority in the General Assembly, and Cold War issues tended to dominate. The supreme test of that first phase was the Korean War. It showed both that the new International Organization refused to practice appeasement and that in a bipolar world whose main antagonists were engaged in an ideological struggle and endowed with nuclear weapons, UN intervention in the conflicts between the blocs would either expose the Organization to a demonstration of impotence or submit the world to the risks of escalation. A second phase began when membership of the UN increased, and the newly-independent nations became the biggest group within the Assembly. Now, as Dag Hammarskjöld put it in his report to the fifteenth General Assembly, the main task in the area of peace and security shifted to "preventive diplomacy"—rushing to the scene of fires which break out "outside the sphere of bloc differences" before the arrival of the major contenders. The biggest challenge has been the Congo crisis. It has tested all the assumptions which had been made—by scholars as well as by the late Secretary-General—about the role of the UN, its possibilities and its limits, and about the relations between its principal organs and its main groups of members.
THE RADICAL TURN IN THEOLOGY AND ETHICS: WHY IT OCCURRED IN THE 1960'S
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 387, S. 1-13
ISSN: 0002-7162
The new elements in the moral, intellectual, & religious atmosphere which came to pervade the US during the decade of the 1960's are explored. It is seen that these elements explain why the US found itself in revolutionary circumstances at that particular time. The most widely publicized aspect of the decade's religious history was the emergence of a radical movement in theology & ethics. The over-all ecclesiastical situation has also been profoundly altered, for Protestants, Catholics, & Jews alike. Many ancient modes of thinking were being altered in the 1960's. The changes seem to involve a deep shift in the presuppositional substructures of the Amer mind. They can be designated as metaphysical, moral, & soc: (1) a growing attachment to naturalism or 'secularism' that makes people suspicious of anything supernatural; (2) a creeping (or galloping) awareness of vast contradictions in US life between profession & performance, the ideal & the actual; & (3) increasing doubt re the capacity of present-day ecclesiastical, pol'al, soc, & educ'al instit's to rectify these contradictions. The reasons for these new positions are traced to the impact of sci, relativism & technology which began to be felt already in the 19th cent, & to the state of 'puritanical legalism' in the US which tended to be oblivious to the intellectual revolutions of the modern world. 5 catalysts propelled these changes: (i) The long-developing problems of unregulated Ur growth began to create environmental problems with which US pol'al & fiscal practices could not cope. (ii) Technological developments in agriculture & industry produced migrations of people that led the nat'l electorate to repudiate many of those arrangements that had long maintained the Protestant establishment & the WASP ascendancy in US life. (iii) Rapid technological & sci'fic advancements contributed another vital dimension to the nat'l mood. Their impact was enormously increased by sensational accomplishments that aroused the popular imagination (eg, the manned trip to the moon). (iv) The Cuban missile crisis, continued nuclear testing, attempts to achieve internat'l control of nuclear armaments seemed to underline the tentativity of mankind's earthly existence. (v) The drastic escalation of the war in Vietnam prevented an effective coping with the nation's problems of poverty & Ur dislocation. Modified HA.