With the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the United States has become the only real world power. The global superiority of the USA, and the resulting significance of its armed forces as an instrument for crisis management, have increased considerably - as it became very clear in the Gulf War and more recently in Former YugoslaviaIn view of the deep changes in the world-wide political situation, the military doctrine of the USA was revised accordingly, with the main emphasis now lying on power projection - that is, the ability to move large numbers of troops rapidly throughout the world. The stated goal is to be able to simultaneously conduct two major regional conflicts (MRCs) of about the size of the Gulf War overseas, reacting flexibly to the situation at hand. (Military Technology/SWP)
It is argued that a shift among the Left from socialism to a market-based welfare state (WS) could be overly hasty & in error, for the new advocates of the WS have overlooked Claus Offe's analysis of its contradictions (Contradictions of the Welfare State, [see IRPS No. 45/86c01045]) & the crises of crisis management, which must be reassessed in light of current socialist reforms. Offe's analysis employs a neo-Schumpeterian interpretation of the instability of the WS & the contradictions of state intervention in general, & leads one to doubt that the WS is a feasible alternative to either anarchic markets or state socialism. Yet Offe also claims that the WS is irreversible -- which suggests its viability -- but this claim is not well-supported by Offe's own analysis. Modified AA
Public enterprise plays a key role in the economic development process in Latin America, both because of the region's cultural heritage, which has led people to look to central authority for leadership in promoting economic growth, and because of the accelerated pace of recent cataclysmic events to which only governments have had the power to respond.Currently, Latin America is undergoing its worst economic setback in half a century, in which eight newly-elected democratic governments are struggling to regain control over their destinies. These governments face unprecedented planning and administrative problems as they move from the crisis-management phase of economic austerity programs to one of resumed growth. A central concern of these governments is, and will continue to be, the successful operations of major parastatal enterprises.
Economic science as ideology The management science as a viatic of the shareholder Eric Brunat and Jacques Fontanel Revue marché et Organisations No 41 2021 Since the generalisation of the market economy, economic science has stalled the political economy. In this context, the market was ubiquitous and the State had to concentrate its activities on the organisation of a region-wide area, often fluctuating and rather regressive according to private interests. Management science itself provided businesses with tools in an economic system which advocated individual interest as a determining objective for each of the economic actors. Today, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the analyses of liberal economists are becoming obsolete in the face of a deep economic and social crisis. The economy is now showing its eminently political character. The international, national and local public sectors organise the fight against the crisis in the market economy. The state is once again the central player in the management of the national economy, and it is then called upon to make political choices that reshape the country's economic and social structures, particularly in the face of major multinational firms and the ambitions of other nations. The deeply political and social nature of a globalised economy is highlighted by this crisis, which is characterised by violent relations between states and between citizens. ; International audience Since the generalisation of the market economy, economic science has sounded the death knell for political economy. In this context, the market was omnipotent and the State had to concentrate its activity on the organisation of a regalian domain, often fluctuating and rather regressing according to private interests. Management science itself gave tools to companies within the framework of an economic system that advocated individual interest as the determining objective for each of the economic actors. Today, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the analyses of liberal economists are becoming obsolete in ...
Around the globe, extreme weather events like storms, droughts and floods get stronger and hit more often. In their struggle to overcome the impacts of such disasters, natural resource users (fishers, farmers) depend on knowledge and support coming from both within and outside their communities. To answer the question 'how to cope with crises?', we therefore have to find out 'whom to turn to when disasters hit'. We provide insights into two examples of ongoing research that investigate the role of fishers and farmers' social networks when dealing with and recovering from environmental disasters that brought drastic change to their respective communities in Peru and Bangladesh. Our findings indicate that the number and diversity of connections is crucial for coping with crises, and suggest the need for further research on the ways social networks are shaping individual and community responses to environmental impacts.
1. Losing and winning: the craft and science of political campaigns -- A tale of two managers -- Learning and experimenting -- Why campaign managers do it -- What campaigns do -- The roles and goals of a campaign manager -- 2. Political math: how campaigns matter -- The fundamentals -- The role of fundamentals: from demographics to party ID -- Share and performance -- Blue wall math -- Political math makes winning margins -- 3. Political historian and data scientist: charting a path to victory through information and analysis -- The secret ballot problem -- Focus groups, polls, and other forms of information gathering -- Who are our target voters? -- How do we reach them? -- What do we tell them? -- How are we doing? -- What are our opponents and allies doing? -- Microtargeting with big data -- 4. Entrepreneur and chief financial officer: launching and sustaining the campaign -- The startup -- The money campaign -- How money drives decisions -- Paying for the messaging -- The nightmare of all campaigns: fundraising -- Cauley and Barack Obama's senate win -- The best candidates are good fundraisers -- 5. Team builder: embracing the personal side of politics -- "A fierce team spirit" -- Team building in Trump's campaign -- Hiring the right team -- Political talent scouts -- Team builder: "a big cheerleader" -- 6. Ideologist and policy wonk: standing for something -- Steve Bannon as Trump's chief ideologist -- Hillary Clinton as policy wonk -- Campaign managers avoiding the policy weeds -- The frustrated policy wonk -- 7. Marketing maven: reaching the campaign's target voter audiences -- "What are they doing?" Competitive media tracking in the 2016 presidential race -- What are gross rating points? Learning the basic math of media -- How many GRPS do we have? -- How many gross rating points do I need? -- The enduring love of traditional television in the digital age -- The business of political TV advertising -- Today's media mix: more than TV -- 8. Producer and stage manager: creating and presenting the campaign's messages -- Producing a 4:00 A.M. media event -- The making of "the guru" spot -- James Carville's first win -- What do we tell voters? -- How the message matters -- Why campaigns "go negative" -- A "hugging contenst?" Why negative ads affect election margins -- When going negative backfires -- Going negative in a primary -- Responding to negative attacks -- "What do we tell them?" -- 9. Spinmeister: navigating the news landscape -- Spinmeister turned reporter -- Cautious Clinton versus freewheeling Trump -- A failure of crisis management: "let Herman be Herman" -- Inoculation: preparing for bad news -- How do we reach them? What do we tell them? -- "Your best friend or your worst enemy?" -- Earning media -- Digital and social media -- Working and helping the refs -- The changing news landscape -- Using new media to make old-media news -- 10. Field general: waging the war on the ground -- How do we reach them? -- The two-step process: deciding to vote and voting for or against a candidate -- "Old-fashioned grunt work" -- 11. Strategy enforcer: keeping a day-to-day focus on the long-term path to victory -- Clinton-Gore 1992: "the best campaign ever" -- Keeping the campaign team on strategy -- Inheriting a team, executing a strategy -- How are we doing? -- Strategy enforcer in the age of super PACS -- Fusing the strategic vision with the campaign team -- 12. Candidate caretaker and confidant: handling details and building trust -- Becoming indispensable -- The buffer and the concierge -- Building trust: "Jimmy, here's what we need to do" -- Building the relationship -- Honesty -- Managing the candidate's family -- Losing and winning: when the campaign ends -- Appendices -- Appendix A: The rise of the campaign webheads -- Appendix B: Bubble charts: how campaigns use consumer data to understand voters -- Appendix C: A case study exercise in campaign media planning -- Appendix D: A case study in crisis management.
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Kökleri Tanzimat dönemine dayanan yönetsel reform çalısmaları Türkiye'deki siyasal iktidarlar tarafından belirli aralıklarla gündeme getirilmektedir. Reform çalısmalarında dıs dinamiklerin zorlayıcılıgı ile birlikte iç dinamiklerin de etkisi görülmektedir. Ancak 80'li yılarla birlikte dünyaya hâkim olan neo-liberal politikalar, küresellesme, kamu sektöründeki verimlilik krizi ve yerellesme geregine yönelik söylemler, kamu yönetiminde yeni yaklasımları gündeme getirmistir. Yine bu yıllarda yönetsel reformda AB, OECD, Dünya Bankası ve IMF gibi küresel aktörlerin de agırlıgı artmıstır. Bu aktörler Türkiye'de de son dönem reform çalısmalarının içerigine, niteligine ve hızına yön vermistir. Yerellesme, özellestirme ve sivillestirme söylemleri ile niteligi degisen reform çalısmaları yerel yönetimlerin önemini artırmıs, ancak bu gelismeler yerelin mevcut durumunun yeni gelismeleri hayata geçirmek açısından yetersiz kaldıgı savını da beraberinde getirmistir. iç dinamikler olarak adlandırılan bu yetersizlik ve sorunlara yönelik reform girisimlerinin büyük ölçüde dıs dinamiklerin yarattıgı baskı ve zorlamanın yansıması oldugu görülmektedir. ; Works on the administrative reformation of which roots relies on Tanzimat Period are occasionally proposed for the agenda by political powers in Turkey. On these works, it is possible to see both internal and external dynamics are effective. But, by the years of 1980s, neo-liberal policies, globalisation, the productivity crisis on the public sector and discourses about the necessity of localization have proposed the new approaches about the public management for the agenda. In the same period, some global actors including EU, OECD, World Bank and IMF have been more important. These actors have influenced on the contents, the quality and the pace of the recent reformation works in Turkey. Localization, privatization and civilisation have changed the quality of the reformation works that increased the importance of local management. Although these factors have showed that the present situation of local is insufficient to realize the new improvemenets. This insufficiency called as internal dynamics and the reformation attempts to problems are mostly reflections of press and forcing by external dynamics.
Part I. Theoretical Foundations of Risk Management in Support of Sustainable Development -- SDGs Risks and Digital Approach to Managing Them -- Macroeconomic Risks of Sustainable Development: Features of Developed and Developing Countries -- The Contribution of Digital Technologies to Management of Sustainable Development Risks -- Innovative Development of Kazakhstan as an Experience for the Economic Development of Russia -- Reducing the Digital Divide as a Mechanism to Ensure Sustainable Economic and Social Development -- The Role of Blockchain in Public Administration in the Field of Economic Activity -- Trends in Dispute Resolution in E-Commerce: China's Experience -- Transformation of Settlement Relations in the Context of Industry 4.0: Conversion of Blockchain Club's Crypto-codes into Legitimate Analogues -- Possibilities and Threats of Digitalization for Society -- Integration into Global Value Chains as a Driver of High Technology Exports Development in China -- Regional Aspects of Ensuring Security and Development of Entrepreneurship in the Digital Economy -- Strategic Management of Innovation-Oriented Activities of Business Structures, Taking into Account Noospheric and Sustainable Development Approaches Transformed on an Advanced Methodological Basis -- The Methodology of "Smart City" in the Experience of Theoretical Organization of Knowledge of Contemporary Urban Epistemology -- Assessment of the Risks of Transition from a Global Pandemic Crisis to a Model of Long-Term Economic Growth -- Remote Justice Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Russian Federation -- National Health as a Condition and Factor of Economic Growth: Legal Aspects -- The COVID-19 Pandemic and Crisis as a Source of Global Risks to Sustainable Development -- The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Development of Tour Operating in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts -- Methodological Approaches to Risk Assessment of the Implementation of State Programs and their State Financing in the Field of Healthcare in the Regions of Russia -- The Impact of COVID-19 on the Economies of Petroleum-Exporting Middle Eastern Countries -- The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Socio-economic Spheres and International Migration -- Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Current Trends and the Role of China -- Optimization Diagnosis of Spasm of Accommodation Among Students in the Osh State University -- Electronic Evidence in the Civil Proceedings: The Experience of the Republic of Korea -- Reshaping The Institution of Liability in International Space Law -- International Legal Challenges to Biotechnological Products -- Problems and Prospects for the Use of Electronic (Digital) Evidence in Arbitration Proceedings -- New Forms of Dispute Resolution in the Russian Federation as a Reflection of Innovation in Law Enforcement: Platform Justice -- Legal Assessment of Objective and Subjective Justifiable Defense Signs -- Specifics of Preventive Visit as a Type of Preventive Measures (Using the Example of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing) -- Comparison of Legal Regulation of Expense Accounting in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China -- Mechanisms of the Legal Management of Sustainable Development Risks at the Macro Level of Economic Systems -- Protecting Social Rights in an Era of Economic Change -- A Universal Human Rights Mechanism for the Protection or Revision of the Institution of Family in an Era of Economic Change -- Trends of the Russian Labor Legislation Development in the Era of Great Challenges -- Impact of Customs and Tariff Regulation on Economic Security -- Customs and Tariff Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Context of New Geo-economic Realities and Challenges to Industry -- On the Indicative Approach to Assessing International Trade Within the EAEU -- Russian-Azerbaijani Bilateral Trade Cooperation in Terms of Eurasian Integration -- A Feasibility Study of China-EAEU Free Trade Agreement -- Dollarization in Ecuador, Economic Growth, Trade Balance, Impact on Ecuadorian Foreign Trade -- Integration Processes and the Economy of Peru: Current Trends -- The Impact of Socio-economic Inequality on the Relations Between the European Union Countries and the Assessment of Strategic Areas for its Reduction -- Development of the Institute of Customs Representatives in the Republic of Kazakhstan -- The Impact and Role of Foreign Direct Investment in the Modernization of China's Automotive Industry -- Economic Cooperation of the Levant Countries: Main Directions and Opportunities -- EAEU and BRI: Current Prospects of Mutual Cooperation -- Assessing the Economic Positions of the European Union Countries in the Context of Transforming Foreign Economic Relations and Implementing a New Industrial Strategy for Europe -- Geo-economic Interests of the Republic of Turkey in the Republic of Uzbekistan -- Rethinking the Potential of the International Transport Corridor "North-South" in Sustaining Russia's Foreign Trade -- Prospects of the Khorgos Free Economic Zone -- Part II. Applied Aspects of Risk Management in Support of Sustainable Development -- Philosophy of System Sustainable Development of Economic Systems from the Position of the Noospheric Approach -- Philosophy of Sustainable Development Risks Through the Lens of the SDGs -- Sociology of Sustainable Development: the Role of Responsible Communities in the Achievement of the SDGs and the Advantages for the Quality of Life -- Social Aspects of the Sustainable Development Risks: Social Support for Responsible Innovations vs. "Human Factor" as a Barrier on the Path of Their Implementation -- Matrix of Risks for Sustainable Development and the Universal Mechanisms of Risk Management of Implementing the SDGs -- Risks of Region's Sustainable Development: a Systemic View from the Position of Society, Economy and Law -- The Risks of Implementing and Managing the SDGs in the Company's Activities: a Case Study by the Example of the Largest Companies of Russia -- The Importance of the International Policy of Globalisation and Open Economy to the Reduction of the Global Risks for Sustainable Development -- The Role of the State Management Institutions in the Reduction of the Macro-Economic Risks for Sustainable Development -- Innovations as the Basis for Managing the Region's Sustainable Development Risks -- Corporate Social Responsibility to Manage the Risks to the Achievement of the SDGs in the Entrepreneurial Activities -- Social Entrepreneurship as an Institute of Sustainable Development Risk Management -- Modern Issues in Sustainability Reporting -- Assessment of the Strain-stress Distribution in the Vicinity Conceding Mountainside's Scarp using Mathematical Modeling -- Marketing Mix of a Responsible Company to Manage the Risks to the Achievement of the SDGs -- The Role of Personnel Training in Higher Education and HRM to Reduce the Sustainable Development Risks -- Values of Modern Organizations and Social Responsibility of Scientific Institutions -- Regulatory and Legal Provision of Sustainable Development Risk Management in the Agro-Industrial Complex: an Overview of International Experience -- Theoretical Basis of Risk Management in Manufacturing Enterprises -- Problems of Increasing Investment Attractiveness of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Kyrgyz Republic and Ways to Solve Them -- The Impact of Sharp Fluctuations in Global Crude Petroleum Prices on the World Economy -- International Production in the Russian Automotive Industry -- Regression Analysis of the Development Indicators of Light Industry in Kyrgyzstan -- Development of the Competitiveness of Integrated Sectors of the Economy in the Market of Goods and Services -- Research on the Behavior of Online Consumers in the Global Internet Space -- Creation of a SaaS-System for Image Analysis in Agriculture Using Artificial Intelligence Methods -- Development of the Recycling Sector and its Marketing Support as a Factor in the Sustainable Development of the Forestry Sector of the Economy -- The Influence of Macroeconomic Factors on the Art Market (on the Example of International Sales of the MacDougall's Auction House) -- Transformation of the Structure of the Cross-border Agri-food Value Chain -- Middle East Energy Policy Transformation: Saudi Case -- Reflections of Gender Inequality in Language and Culture -- Integral Assessment of Labor Potential of the Region in the Age of Digital Economy -- The Model for Assessing the Professional Competencies of Employees in Today's Labor Market -- Influence of Parents on Formation of National Consciousness of a Teenager -- On the Etymology of the Kyrgyz Names of Dwelling and Family from the Point of View of the Theory of Linguo-Regional Unity of the Altai and Chinese Peoples -- Labor Migrants in the Economy of GCC Countries: History, Modernity, Problems, and Perspectives -- Titulature in the Text of the Epic "Manas" and "Babur's Notes" as a Source of Information About the Social Institutions of the Central Asian Region -- Monohexamethylenetetramine Zinc Iodide Complex Compound for Cotton Growth and Development Stimulation: Advantages in the Labor Market -- Assessment of Social Security of the Population of Federal Districts -- On the Reflexes of the Ancient Root "But" [Foot] in Nostratic Languages -- Social Unemployment Insurance Systems in China and Russia: Comparative Characteristics -- Instrumental Competencies of Linguists in an Undergraduate Degree -- Ethnonyms as Concepts of Foreign Culture in the Text of a Fiction -- Challenges Affecting Listening Comprehension in Professionally-Oriented English and the Strategies for Improvement (Railway Engineering) -- Translation of Structures with Social and Grammatical Gender in the English Language (based on Feature Film Scripts) -- Humanistic Philosophical Foundations of Social Work -- Quantitative Tool.
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A necessity of renewal of industry of Ukraine for modern, crisis terms is a base necessity of the state, because exactly industry as a basic constituent of any economic system executes a few major functions. To them behave: firstly, presence of home productive base that is able to provide requirements in the far of commodities of both industrial and domestic, informative setting. Secondly, exactly industry forms high professional productive shots, that, in turn, is the mortgage of getting up of cultural and intellectual level of the state on the whole. Thirdly, the developed industrial base provides high quality of commodities and their competitiveness on world markets. Fourth - the developed industry produces a positive image of the state, that, in turn, provides steady international relations and respect to the state in the world. Fifth - exactly industry is basis of defensive capacity of country. For the last 30 on objective and subjective reasons industry of country considerably grew short, bore serious losses that must be liquidated on new scientific and technological basis. It requires enormous facilities, time and different resources. It is therefore possible to assert that it is a system task that requires strategic approach at her decision and special role of the state in this process. The system of associate measures necessary for scientifically reasonable approach in the decision of this task and role of the state in this process is examined in the article. To the system factors behave is development of strategic plan of revival of industry; changes of specialization of separate industries and productions; changes are in a tax law; programs on development and support of science and technologies; improvement of legal base; improvement of the system of making decision at all levels of management; creation of attractive investment climate is in the state. Basic attention is spared to the role of the state in this process, coming from fundamental position about the necessity of hard government control in general, and in particular, in crisis terms with limit resources and high рисками of different family. ; Необхідність відтворення промисловості України в сучасних, кризових умовах є базовою потребою для держави, тому що саме промисловість, як основна галузь будь-якої господарчої системи, виконує кілька надважливих функцій. До них відносяться – по-перше, створення вітчизняної виробничої бази, яка спроможна забезпечити потреби у багатьох видах товарів як промислового призначення, так і побутового, інформаційного, тощо. По-друге, промисловість формує виробничі кадри високого професійного рівня, що є запорукою підйому культурного та інтелектуального стану держави в цілому. По-третє, розвинута промисловість забезпечує високу якість товарів та конкурентоспроможність їх на світових ринках. Четверте. розвинута промислова база створює позитивний імідж державі, що, в свою чергу, забезпечує сталі міжнародні відносини та повагу до держави в світі. П'яте – суттєво також, що саме промисловість забезпечує обороноздатність держави. За останні 30 років з суб'єктивних та об'єктивних причин промисловість держави зазнала значних втрат, які необхідно ліквідувати на новій науково-технологічній базі. Це потребує значних коштів, часу та інших видів ресурсів. Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що це – системна задача, яка потребує стратегічного підходу до її вирішення і особливої ролі держави в цьому процесі.В статті розглядається система взаємопов'язаних заходів, необхідних для науково обґрунтованого підходу з вирішення цієї задачі та роль держави в цьому процесі. До системних факторів відносяться – розробка стратегічного плану відродження промисловості; зміни спеціалізації окремих виробництв; зміни в податковому законодавстві; заходи з підтримки та розвинення науки та технологій; удосконалення юридичної бази; удосконалення системи прийняття рішень на всіх рівнях управління; створення привабливого інвестиційного клімату в державі. Особлива увага приділяється ролі держави в цьому процесі, виходячи з принципового положення про необхідність жорсткого державного регулювання взагалі і особливо – в кризових умовах з обмеженими ресурсами та високими ризиками різного роду.
A necessity of renewal of industry of Ukraine for modern, crisis terms is a base necessity of the state, because exactly industry as a basic constituent of any economic system executes a few major functions. To them behave: firstly, presence of home productive base that is able to provide requirements in the far of commodities of both industrial and domestic, informative setting. Secondly, exactly industry forms high professional productive shots, that, in turn, is the mortgage of getting up of cultural and intellectual level of the state on the whole. Thirdly, the developed industrial base provides high quality of commodities and their competitiveness on world markets. Fourth - the developed industry produces a positive image of the state, that, in turn, provides steady international relations and respect to the state in the world. Fifth - exactly industry is basis of defensive capacity of country. For the last 30 on objective and subjective reasons industry of country considerably grew short, bore serious losses that must be liquidated on new scientific and technological basis. It requires enormous facilities, time and different resources. It is therefore possible to assert that it is a system task that requires strategic approach at her decision and special role of the state in this process. The system of associate measures necessary for scientifically reasonable approach in the decision of this task and role of the state in this process is examined in the article. To the system factors behave is development of strategic plan of revival of industry; changes of specialization of separate industries and productions; changes are in a tax law; programs on development and support of science and technologies; improvement of legal base; improvement of the system of making decision at all levels of management; creation of attractive investment climate is in the state. Basic attention is spared to the role of the state in this process, coming from fundamental position about the necessity of hard government control in general, and in particular, in crisis terms with limit resources and high рисками of different family. ; Необхідність відтворення промисловості України в сучасних, кризових умовах є базовою потребою для держави, тому що саме промисловість, як основна галузь будь-якої господарчої системи, виконує кілька надважливих функцій. До них відносяться – по-перше, створення вітчизняної виробничої бази, яка спроможна забезпечити потреби у багатьох видах товарів як промислового призначення, так і побутового, інформаційного, тощо. По-друге, промисловість формує виробничі кадри високого професійного рівня, що є запорукою підйому культурного та інтелектуального стану держави в цілому. По-третє, розвинута промисловість забезпечує високу якість товарів та конкурентоспроможність їх на світових ринках. Четверте. розвинута промислова база створює позитивний імідж державі, що, в свою чергу, забезпечує сталі міжнародні відносини та повагу до держави в світі. П'яте – суттєво також, що саме промисловість забезпечує обороноздатність держави. За останні 30 років з суб'єктивних та об'єктивних причин промисловість держави зазнала значних втрат, які необхідно ліквідувати на новій науково-технологічній базі. Це потребує значних коштів, часу та інших видів ресурсів. Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що це – системна задача, яка потребує стратегічного підходу до її вирішення і особливої ролі держави в цьому процесі.В статті розглядається система взаємопов'язаних заходів, необхідних для науково обґрунтованого підходу з вирішення цієї задачі та роль держави в цьому процесі. До системних факторів відносяться – розробка стратегічного плану відродження промисловості; зміни спеціалізації окремих виробництв; зміни в податковому законодавстві; заходи з підтримки та розвинення науки та технологій; удосконалення юридичної бази; удосконалення системи прийняття рішень на всіх рівнях управління; створення привабливого інвестиційного клімату в державі. Особлива увага приділяється ролі держави в цьому процесі, виходячи з принципового положення про необхідність жорсткого державного регулювання взагалі і особливо – в кризових умовах з обмеженими ресурсами та високими ризиками різного роду.
The overall purpose of this research was to investigate barriers to and opportunities for adaptive co-management of artisanal fisheries in coastal Uruguay, with comparisons to Paraty (Southeastern Brazil). Following a qualitative approach, two case studies were developed; one in the Piriápolis area (Río de la Plata coast) and one in Praia Grande/Ilha do Araújo (Rio de Janeiro State), the former with more depth than the latter. Findings indicate that, first, artisanal fisheries have been under a social-ecological crisis (e.g. catches have been declining; fishing effort has increased; relationships among fishers have been eroded), opening windows of opportunity for alternative management. Second, a multilevel social capital analysis conducted by studying the relationships embedded in the bonding, bridging, and linking networks among fishery stakeholders (artisanal fishers, fish buyers, unions, universities, NGOs, government agencies) enabled the identification of more barriers than opportunities for co-management. For example, fishers are only weakly organized, and these bonding connections at the local level were undermined by conflict-laden linking relationships. Third, fishers from the two sites stated that they would like to be involved in resource management, and the proposed fisheries law in Uruguay (before the Parliament) would be an enabling policy for a consultative degree of participation, through the creation of national and zonal councils. Nevertheless, the negative impact that external agents have had on fishing communities are among the causes of low fisher participation. Fourth, findings from a participatory research initiative involving fishery stakeholders in Piriápolis (creating a multi-stakeholder body, POPA) showed that this approach can help overcome some of the barriers to co-management. These barriers include conflict-ridden relationships between fishers and the fisheries agency; stakeholders' lack of capacity; and weak fisher organization. Moreover, the case showed that participatory ...
