Suchergebnisse

The paper explores the development of the methodology of criminology research, the object of the research is to conduct a global systemic crisis, the aim of this work is methodological aspects criminology research to achieve this goal, solved the following tasks: study of the crisis as part of political and socio-economic process; explore the concept of crisis, sources, mechanism of development and a mechanism for crisis management; development of methodology of the science of crises and effective management anticrisis; the article presents the classification of crises, the crisis is considered as an element of the development process, which has its own specific functions and methods of resolution. It is proved that for effective management of the crisis requires further development of the methodology of crisis management in the science of crisis management, the object of which is the crisis of various organizations, justified, that psychology of crisis research and crisis management can be considered as a factor capable to reduce or increase the effectiveness of crisis research and crisis management in the organization.

The purpose of the article is to construct an up-to-date research methodology which will allow to examine territories within the context of sustainable development issues. Sustainable development of socio-economic and natural systems in its entirety is impossible without a comprehensive consideration of key factors and conditions that affect the state and prospects for their development, and without a targeted impact on these factors and conditions. The main result of the study is the adaptation of the methodology to the study of sustainable development of territories with different economic specialization and growth potential. A successful solution to this task is impossible without the development and consistent application of the research methodology, adequate to the goals and tasks set, to the current situation and the long-term trends in the development of nature and society. The results of our research suggest the solution of applied socio-economic tasks for the development of territories (subjects of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized cities) to improve the quality of life and sustainable economic growth.

The section is devoted to the comparative analysis of Russian and foreign Oriental studies, their similarities and differences, as well as to the analysis of the methodology used by historians and political scientists in the study of modern political process in Asia and Africa. The authors also explain the differences between Western and non-Western societies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the analytical and spatial approaches to building typology of Eastern regions. ; Настоящий раздел посвящен анализу направлений отечественного и зарубежного востоковедения, их схожим и отличным чертам, а также анализу методологии, используемой как востоковедами-историками, так и востоковедами-политологами в исследовании современных политическим процессов на Востоке. Авторы также объясняют различия между обществами западного и незападного типа, а также достоинства и недостатки аналитического и пространственного подходов к выделению регионов Востока.

The article is devoted to the Russian historiography of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. Its purpose is to study the main methodological approaches to research of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historiography by identifying the main approaches and characteristic features of research on this topic in different historiographic periods, identifying the most prominent representatives and the most popular problematic issues of Russian historiography, identifying key research methods at different stages. The relevance of the article is determined by the coverage of different points of view on the problems of the development of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, concerning the financing of large infrastructure projects, modernization, the use of new financial instruments to increase government revenues, stabilize adverse macroeconomic problems context. This information can be used to solve modern strategic tasks of the state and rational use of financial resources. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that to study the historiography of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was first applied to institutional evolutionary theory. The publication identifies the main features of pre-revolutionary historiography (empiricism, a reflection of the ideology of its social group, pluralism of opinions, deep erudition of the authors), Soviet (conducting research in the framework of the formation approach, officially approved methodological principles, criticism and repression of dissidents), modern (rejection of the formation approach, the use of information technologies, the use of economic research methods, the study of the object in the context of new directions). The author covers research methods (general scientific, historical, economic), characteristic for different periods of Russian historiography, the most popular problems, and areas of study of the credit and financial system (gender history, biography, everyday history, etc.). The article shows the pluralism of opinions of pre-revolutionary researchers, the results of the application of the formation approach by Soviet researchers, expressed in the harsh criticism of predecessors, one-sided coverage of events, the use of various research methods by modern researchers, and the development of new directions.

The digitalization of enterprise's business processes is an integral part of the modern competitive policy of a commercial organization. The use of the results of qualitative and quantitative analyzes of existing scientific approaches in the field of identifying and developing ontologies that mediate the production of goods / services can positively affect the adoption of strategic decisions due to the reduction of time for review and research of the same ideas and methods. The article is devoted to the use of graph theory elements for the analysis of many conceptual schools and approaches to the ontology of business processes. The authors analyzed 216 scientific sources on this topic. As a result of the study, a citation graph was constructed that systematized the authors of the study area selected according to the methodology described above. This tool of the analysis methodology can be scaled and used by interested parties for a better analysis of the literature on the ontology of enterprise business processes.

The article considers the essence and content of the process-relational methodology of social memory research, analyzes its heuristic capabilities and methodological limitations. ; В статье рассматривается сущность и содержание процессо-реляционной методологии исследования социальной памяти, анализируются её эвристические возможности и методологические ограничения.

The paper proposes the author's interpretation of the concept of "regional inequality" through the category of accessibility, namely the availability of goods and services that are assessed by residents of the regions as necessary for the implementation of their life strategies.

The last institutional changes in world politics constrain rethinking and keeping up to date approaches to managing social-and-economical development of regions. It brings to the forefront questions of measurement and analysis of the productivity of the public and municipal administration in the new conditions. In this regard, the development of the methodology of statistical research of the strengthening investment attractiveness of the Russian region using modern regional investment policy mechanisms is deemed relevant. Attention is drawn to taking into account the regional space heterogeneity, a wide range of factors that not always unequivocally affect investment attractiveness, occasional forced necessity to develop dynamic models on the basis of data from short time intervals. The article reveals the authors' ideas on solving the abovementioned issues, which, in her opinion makes them relevant not only for the theory as well as for the practice of statistical research of the regional investment situation, including in terms of its development prospects. ; Институциональные изменения, происходящие в последнее время в мировой политике, требуют переосмысления и актуализации подходов к управлению социально-экономическим развитием регионов. На первый план выходят вопросы измерения и анализа результативности государственного и муниципального управления в новых условиях. В этой связи представляется актуальным развитие методологии статистического исследования проблем повышения привлекательности региона посредством современных механизмов региональной инвестиционной политики. Обобщение и систематизация научных исследований, посвященных различным аспектам статистического измерения инвестиционной привлекательности и развития регионов, выявляют наличие целого комплекса проблем, недостаточно полно и всесторонне изученных в части оценки результативности реализации региональной инвестиционной политики. Обращается внимание на учет неоднородности регионального пространства, анализ факторов, влияющих на инвестиционную привлекательность регионов, необходимость разработки динамических моделей на основе данных, относящихся к коротким временным периодам. В статье предлагаются подходы к решению указанных проблем, вносящих вклад как в теорию, так и практику статистического исследования инвестиционной ситуации в регионах и перспектив ее развития.

Intellectual history is a historical science that studies the intellectual activity of man, his ideas and theories, through culture and its media, taking into account political, historical and social aspects of life. This paper describes the formation and development of intellectual history. ; Интеллектуальная история – историческая наука, изучающая интеллектуальную деятельность человека, его идеи и теории, через культуру и её носителей, учитывая политические, исторические, социальные аспекты жизни. В данной работе описывается становление и развитие интеллектуальной истории.

The article deals with the dynamics of the changes in the number of employees at Russia's governmental bodies in the years 1984 to 2014. Our research hypothesis was that the number of employees is an important indicator of the efficiency of the civil service reform. The ratio between the sizes of various civil servant groups, as well as the share of civil servants in the total population and the labor force, can shed light on the trends in civil service reforms and on its changing place in Russian society.Due to the high inertia of the civil service, systemic transformations there happen slowly. Thus they should be studied over large intervals of time (several decades or longer). The object of our study are the employees of federal ministries and departments which have constituted the core of the civil service both in Soviet and post-Soviet years.We have designed and tested a methodology to assess the number of civil servants in comparable groups in terms of functions performed. This allowed us to overcome the differences in legal understandings of public service throughout the chronological framework of the study. The statistical materials obtained and the data on different groups of civil servants helped us assess their number, classify them into categories, as well as identify general trends in the dynamics of transformation.The 1990s and especially the 2000s saw a marked increase in the bureaucratization of the Russian society. At the same time, we have shown that the number of state and municipal employees in 1984 and 2014 was almost equal.We have traced a positive correlation between the total population, the labor force with an employment and the number of civil servants, as well as between the number of the latter and the dynamics of per capita GDP. This indicates that army of civil servants grows larger or smaller historically in accordance with the mainstream trends in the socio-economic development of the country.The trends identified in this article provide a ground for further research. It seems especially promising to conduct a comparative analysis of the change in the number of civil servants and in their earnings, as well as a study of how the dynamics of civil servants' number correlates with an expansion or contraction of the functions of the state. Taking into account the empirical factors of the development of civil service, this will help develop a methodological basis for taking specific measures to improve the efficiency of the civil service reform. ; В статье рассмотрена динамика численности работников российских органов государственного управления в 1984–2014 гг. Выдвинута гипотеза о том, что численность кадров является важным индикатором эффективности реформирования государственной службы. Данные о соотношении численности различных групп государственных служащих, доле государственных служащих в общей численности населения страны и среди занятых в экономике способны пролить свет на тенденции реформирования аппарата государственной службы, изменение ее места и роли в российском обществе.Ввиду высокой инертности системы государственной службы изменения в ней происходят медленно, изучать их следует на больших промежутках времени начиная от нескольких десятилетий. Объектом изучения в данной работе являются кадры центральных (федеральных) министерств и ведомств, так как именно они составляли ядро системы государственной службы и в годы социализма, и в новейший период.Разработана и апробирована методика определения численности государственных служащих по сопоставимым группам с точки зрения исполняемых функций, которая позволяет преодолевать различия в правовом содержании понятия государственной службы в хронологических рамках исследования. На основании материалов статистических наблюдений собраны и классифицированы данные о численности различных групп государственных служащих. Прослежена их динамика, выявлены общие тенденции. Отмечено возрастание бюрократизации российского общества в 1990-е и особенно в 2000-е годы. Вместе с тем доказано, что численность государственных и муниципальных служащих в 1984 г. практически равнялась аналогичному показателю2014 г.Обнаружено существование положительной связи между общей численностью населения, числом занятых в экономике и численностью государственных служащих, а также между численностью государственных служащих и динамикой среднедушевого ВВП. Это свидетельствует о том, что изменение численности государственных служащих исторически происходит в общем русле социально-экономического развития страны.Выявленные тенденции могут быть использованы при проведении дальнейших исследований. В частности, перспективным представляется проведение сопоставительного анализа динамики численности государственных служащих и динамики оплаты их труда, а также исследование численности аппарата на фоне изменения количества государственных функций. Подобный анализ позволит выработать методологические основания для проектирования конкретных мероприятий по повышению эффективности реформирования государственной службы с учетом выявленных эмпирических закономерностей ее развития.

Article on the use of systems analysis indexes that are based on the basic relations of the theory of self-organization. The author substantiates the thesis of the universal nature of laws, reflecting the effectiveness of competitive adaptation of economic systems in the environment.

The article reviews the methodological basis of macroprudential stress-testing used as a quantitative tool to analyze and forecast financial stability. This tool has been actively used by regulators world wide especially after the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. We analyze the experience of macroprudential stress-testing of the US and EU banking sector with a particular focus on the Bank of Russia methodology. Using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of literature, the authors examine various aspects of macroprudential stress-testing. The result of this work is a review of empirical studies on macroprudential stress-testing and the analysis of its practical implementation in Russia and abroad.

Methodological issues of historical research on architecture and town planning of the Soviet period are represented in the article within a new paradigm, which is called by the author 'a political history of Soviet architecture and town planning'. Its subject is how architects that became 'government officials' were made dependent on the power, how housing and town-planning policy was predetermined by external circumstances and how designing was considered as production but not as creation. ; В статье формулируются методологические вопросы исторических исследований архитектуры и градостроительства советского периода в рамках новой парадигмы, называемой автором политической историей советской архитектуры и градостроительства. Ее предметом является характер зависимости деятельности архитекторов, превращенных в «государственных служащих» от власти, а также степень предопределенности жилищной и градостроительной политики внешними обстоятельствами, рассмотрение проектирования не как творчества, а как производства.

In this article we are describe an experimental research dedicated to study of psychophysiological mechanisms of self-regulation by persons of dangerous professions. The study was conducted on a group of cadets of the military university. The methodology base includes the methods of psycho-diagnostics, psychophysiological testing, and specially designed protocols of stress-testing are modeled the stress situation. There short analysis of performed experiment is given by psychophysiological research position also conducts in article. ; Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования, посвященного изучению психофизиологических механизмов саморегуляции у лиц опасных профессий, проведенного на группе курсантов военного училища. Методологическая база включала в себя методы психодиагностики, психофизиологического тестирования и специально разработанные протоколы стресстестирования, моделирующие ситуацию стресса. Также в статье приводится краткий анализ проведенного эксперимента с позиций методологии психофизиологического исследования.