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Rizikové Chování Ve Sportu dětí a Mládeže
5. Doping ve sportu dětí a mládeže z psycho-sociálního hlediska5.1 Adolescenti jako riziková skupina; 5.2 Doping u českých adolescentů jako výzkumný problém; 5.2.1 Užívání a postoje k dopingu; 5.2.2. Role motivace v prevalenci dopingu; 5.3 Situační aspekty tendence užívat doping; 6. Doping ve sportu adolescentů z kvalitativního hlediska; 6.1 Co je doping z pohledu respondentů a jaké jsou důsledky jeho užívání; 6.2 Rozšíření dopingu ve sportu z pohledu respondentů; 6.3 Záměr a tendence užívat doping; 6.4 Zkušenosti s dopingem; 6.4.1 Možnost dopovat vědomě a cíleně
Reforma Bundeswehru a obecne trendy vyvoje postaveni armady v moderni demokracii
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 5-23
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
The transformation of the German armed forces is one of the topics of the current security policy of Germany. The position of the German anned forces has deteriorated in recent years when compared to the situation that existed several decades ago. This fact is reflected in such things as the growth of difficulties with recruitment, increase in the number of young people preferring civilian service to military service accompanied by the growth of the positive evaluation of civilian service, and in particular in dwindling financial resources of Bundeswehr. Despite these tendencies, Bundeswehr is not as yet perceived by German society as an institution a priory incompatible with democracy. The analysis of the reform of German armedforces shows that that the changes in this institution are taking place against the background of trends generating the "revolution in military affairs", even though, naturally, within the boundaries given by the Bundeswehr's limited access to the resources of German society. The German armed forces of the future should be more mobile, with improved capability for strategic lift and strategic reconnaissance, more flexible organizational structure and command, better signals and communication equipment, aha better equipment for automated command. The improvements of the German armedforces are aimed at areas that can help them to increase their effectiveness in missions taking place outside of the territory of Germany, while the capabilities that were in the focus in the past, i.e. the high intensity warfare capability in the battlefield of Central Europe, are currently being scaled down. The only specificity of the reform of the German armed forces in comparison with the reforms taking place in other European countries is the continuation of universal conscription, probably due to the belief of German political -- and partly also military -- elites that universal conscription has democratizing effects. Adapted from the source document.
E. H. Carr a Hans Morgenthau: "hereze" v pozitivistickem tabore
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 41, Heft special, S. 54-61
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
This article first disputes the traditional view of Realist School of international relations as inherently positivistic, & second presents a reaction to the polemic taking its course in pages of this journal between Marek Louzek & Petr Drulak. In the first part, those aspects of the work of E. H. Carr & Hans Morgenthau that challenge their placing in the positivist camp are presented. In the second part, these remarks are used as a critique of Marek Louzek's schematic division of theories of international relations as between normativist idealism & positivist realism. Adapted from the source document.
Podivne spojenectvi Rada Evropy a vznik Evropskeho fora Romu a Travelleru
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 7-29
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
In 2004, the Council of Europe established, through an unprecedented method, the European Roma & Travellers Forum as a consultative assembly to represent Roma & similar groups on the pan-European level. The body has a unique hybrid nature. It has been established as a non-governmental organization, but it still functions as a body of the Council of Europe, the intergovernmental organization to which it is linked by contract & by which it is financed. The article discusses in detail these extraordinary developments. Taking as a starting point the multilevel governance approach, it uses distinct explanatory models -- the ideational theory & republican liberalism at the international level & the transnational advocacy networks approach at the infranational level -- to analyze these events. Adapted from the source document.
Energetická vs. environmentálna bezpečnosť: Prípad ropovodu Bratislava–Schwechat ; Energy Security vs. Environmental Security: The Case of the Bratislava–Schwechat Pipeline
The paper analyses the development of the Bratislava–Schwechat Pipeline, which is supposed to connect the Slovak and Austrian oil pipeline networks. The research question asks why the project is being developed without taking into account arguments concerning environmental security even though rather significant environmental opposition to the pipeline has arisen. While the proponents of the project stress mainly its importance for the fostering of Slovak energy security, its opponents claim that the pipeline will endanger the current level of environmental security, since it presents a risk to Slovak fresh water reservoirs. In line with the theoretical approach, the paper argues that the conflict between these two types of security is positively skewed towards energy security, because its proponents are able to support their argumentation with concrete evidence. Moreover, advantages from improvements in energy security are visible in the short-term. On the other hand, the possible future negative environmental impacts of the pipeline are not so easy to assess (or quantify) and are of a long-term nature. The analysis also shows that due to the lack of activity of the Slovak Ministry of the Environment, a non-governmental organization Nie ropovodu (No to the pipeline) has become the main proponent of environmental security through the preparation phase of the project. ; The paper analyses the development of the Bratislava–Schwechat Pipeline, which is supposed to connect the Slovak and Austrian oil pipeline networks. The research question asks why the project is being developed without taking into account arguments concerning environmental security even though rather significant environmental opposition to the pipeline has arisen. While the proponents of the project stress mainly its importance for the fostering of Slovak energy security, its opponents claim that the pipeline will endanger the current level of environmental security, since it presents a risk to Slovak fresh water reservoirs. In line with the ...
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Beztvara vea, pozitivismus a realismus v mezinarodnich vztazich
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 41, Heft special, S. 7-31
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
This essay starts from the argument that the first question preceding any meaningful scientific inquiry is one of a purpose & mission of scientific enterprise as such. Taking a historizing approach, it indicates that the nineteenth century positivist philosophy was built precisely around these questions, while it was precisely these questions again that were abandoned after the general acceptance of positivism in the USA during & after World War II. The essay then argues that IR realism, when aligned with the person & legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau, is a priori incompatible with both the original positivist philosophy & the positivism that eventually appeared in the USA with regard to questions of the "mission of science." Following this, the essay shows the consequences of the spread of positivism for IR. Adapted from the source document.
Postdemokracie v Evropske unii: bezpecnost versus obcanske svobody?
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 41, Heft 2, S. 5-22
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
At the beginning of the 21st century Europe needs to address terrorist threats more than ever. Both the EU member states & the EU institutions are adopting a whole range of measures to prevent & to fight terrorism. Nevertheless, some of these measures endanger human rights & freedoms. Paradoxically, efforts to enhance security of state could therefore decrease the security of individuals. This article uses the concept of securitization to analyze this process, & attempts to answer the question as to what extent the securitization of terrorism is taking place in the EU. This is done by analyzing some counter-terrorist measures & their perception by the general public. In an extreme case, an intensive securitization could transform current liberal democracies into post-democracies. Adapted from the source document.
Vliv Vladnich Vydaju A Dani Na Ekonomicky Rust (Empiricka Analza)
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 59, Heft 2, S. 147-163
ISSN: 0032-3233
Starting from endogenous growth models we test the impacts of both taxes (distortionary and non-distortionary) and expenditures (taking into account economic and functional classification of general government expenditure) using the government constraint. We do not neglect the implicit financing assumptions built into the specification of regression utilising both control and fiscal variables. Static and dynamic panel analysis (fixed effects model) of the 25 EU countries covers the period 1995-2008 for the majority of observations. Forward looking moving averages of the growth rate of GDP (2-5 years) are the dependent variable. We find that productive government expenditure supports growth, whilst non-productive expenditure, especially social protection (COFOG) or social payments (Amoco) does not. Distortionary and indirect taxes reduce economic growth. Adapted from the source document.
Penzijni reforma v CR: konverze ke kombinovanemu systemu s ohledem na limity fiskalni politiky
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 56, Heft 1, S. 80-101
ISSN: 0032-3233
The Czech Republic is going to face ageing of its population. It will affect the economy in many ways. The pension system is one of them. This paper provides a view on possibilities how to insure long-term stability of the pension system in the Czech Republic using a mix of pay-as-you-go & fully funded system. Simulations are based on OLG model, long-term demographic forecast & limits of fiscal policy stemming from the necessity to fulfill Maastricht criteria & The Stability & Growth Pact. Those obligations creates a frontier for plausible solutions. Results suggest that it is possible to find a solution for mixed system providing more favorable conditions than purely parametric changes of PAYG. Taking into account fiscal limits, the contribution rate to the FF pillar would be similar to the rates in other CEE countries where pension reform already started. Tables, Figures. Adapted from the source document.
Socialni problemy a politiky v Ceske republice po roce 1989: Naklady prechodu a socio-ekonomicka struktura
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 48, Heft 4, S. 529-546
ISSN: 0032-3233
This paper compares the standard economic & a complementary socioeconomic approach to the transition. While the economic approach looks at social problems from the outside & views them as costs of transition, the socioeconomic approach looks at these problems from the inside & views them as a part of the social change taking place. Both approaches are used here to analyze four frictions, concerning (1) the PAYG pension system, which emphasizes intergenerational dependence & turns pensioners into a socially needy population; (2) the relation between low market wages & a higher welfare provision, which creates a poverty trap & leads to a culture of dependency; (3) the insufficient incentives for middle-class expansion, which contrasts with the key role this class should play in the future prosperity of society; & (4) tensions between various sections of the middle class. 6 Tables, 2 Figures, 4 Graphs, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.
Priciny valky optikou teorii MV: na ceste k jednote ci ruznosti?
In: Politologický časopis, Band 19, Heft 1, S. 67-85
ISSN: 1211-3247
While the causes of war constitute one of the most often studied phenomena within the IR discipline, surprisingly little attention has so far been paid to their explanations through either traditional or modern IR theories. This article aims to contribute to our understanding of the causes of war by exploring the major IR theories and attempting to identify what causes of war they prevailingly identify. Primarily, we aspire to present a comprehensive framework for such an analysis, discussing various realist and liberalist approaches so as to follow with the elaboration of views represented by social constructivism and some critical theories. As it turns out, there are significant overlaps in the ways these theories treat the possible causes of wars and their aspects; consequently, we try to identify the possibilities of achieving a synthesis of various theories in terms of their understanding of the causes of war, while taking into account the most recent developments including evolutionary approaches and other influences coming from outside the IR field. Adapted from the source document.
Apologie kulturomu (odpoved Pavlu Barsovi)
In: Politologický časopis, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 181-195
ISSN: 1211-3247
The author presents a critical reply to Barsa's interpretation of his monograph (Jakoubek, M. Romove: konec/ne/jednoho mytu. Tractatus Culturo/mo/logicus, Socioklub, Praha 2004) & of two anthologies he has co-edited (Jakoubek, M. & Poduska, 0. [Eds], Romske osady v kulturologicke perspektive, Doplnek, Brno, 2003 & Jakoubek, M., Hirt, T. [Eds], Romove: kulturologicke etudy. Etnopolitika, pribuzenstvi a socialni organizace, Cenek, Plzen 2004). Taking the examples of his alleged orientalism & of his (also alleged) idea that Gypsies are carriers of the culture of poverty, the author illustrates that Barsa's interpretation is full of mistakes & inaccuracies. He also argues that the concept of culture used by Barsa is unacceptable in the social sciences & accuses his critic (together with the whole discourse of multiculturalism) of ethnocentrism. Regarding methodological issues, the author demonstrates that although Barsa claims to offer a better method of analysis, in actuality he fails to do so. References. Adapted from the source document.
Larp Sto roků samoty – mapování dočasné sítě
One Hundred Years of Solitude – mapping of a temporary networkUsing the case of the LARP One Hundred Years of Solitude, based on the book by Gabriel García Márquez, this article presents the process of the game's formation by mapping interactions leading to the constitution and upkeep of the game reality. In the description of the game's development as a temporary autonomous network, special emphasis is put on the rise of the game's agency. The process of LARP's evolution is presented as a chronological action, beginning in the moment when the game is too weak to be autonomous, and follows the process of recruiting mediators as a necessary precursor to the players' connection into the game's network. Furthermore, the process of the players taking over recruitment activity is presented, followed by the final stage, when the game and characters acquire an active role in steering the game themselves. The article is inspired by actor-network theory, which offers multiple ways of analysing interactions, as well as the consolidation and subsequent dissolution of the game network. By creating a map of game interactions, the article tries to present an alternative perspective to the traditional concept of the magic circle.
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Problemy mezinarodniho obchodu Sever, Jih jako hlavni pricina potizi WTO (Problems of North-South International Trade as the Main Reason of World Trade Organization Difficulties)
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 55, Heft 4, S. 508-525
ISSN: 0032-3233